scholarly journals AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS).

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111h-1112
Author(s):  
Marsha A. Bower ◽  
L. Michele Quinn ◽  
John M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Thrips Population

Experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of biological control measures to control Western Flower Thrips. Thrips population and preferred trap color were examined using sticky trap tapes in 5 fluorescent colors, orange, yellow, green, blue and pink. Results indicated that pink is more effective in attracting thrips than the traditional yellow or the newly acclaimed blue sticky traps on the market now. Studies were also conducted to determine if the entomogenous nematode (Steinernema feltiae) could invade and parasitize Western Flower Thrips, and which stage of the thrips life cycle was most susceptible to parasitization. Thrips were dissected and checked for nematode invasion at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation. S. feltiae was found to invade the body cavity after 24 hours in the larval stage of Western Flower Thrips resulting in death.

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS).

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111H-1112
Author(s):  
Marsha A. Bower ◽  
L. Michele Quinn ◽  
John M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Thrips Population

Experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of biological control measures to control Western Flower Thrips. Thrips population and preferred trap color were examined using sticky trap tapes in 5 fluorescent colors, orange, yellow, green, blue and pink. Results indicated that pink is more effective in attracting thrips than the traditional yellow or the newly acclaimed blue sticky traps on the market now. Studies were also conducted to determine if the entomogenous nematode (Steinernema feltiae) could invade and parasitize Western Flower Thrips, and which stage of the thrips life cycle was most susceptible to parasitization. Thrips were dissected and checked for nematode invasion at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation. S. feltiae was found to invade the body cavity after 24 hours in the larval stage of Western Flower Thrips resulting in death.

Laboratory bioassays of virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against soil-inhabiting stages of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dammini Premachandra ◽  
Christian Borgemeister ◽  
Oliver Berndt ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers ◽  
Hans-Michael Poehling
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Abstract The efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was evaluated in a laboratory trial against soil-dwelling stages, late second instar larvae and pupal stages of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande. Among the six EPN strains assessed for the first time, Steinernema feltiae (Nemaplus®) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HD01) caused 65 and 59% mortality, respectively. Steinernema carpocapsae (Agriotos) and S. arenarium (Anomali) caused moderate mortality (40-45%) while Steinernema spp. (Morocco) and H. bacteriophora (Nematop®) had little effect. In a dose response study with concentrations of 100, 400 and 800 infective juveniles (IJ) per cm2 soil of H. bacteriophora (HK3), S. feltiae (Nemaplus®) and H. bacteriophora (HD01), mortality increased only up to 400 IJ cm-2. The rate of infectivity of H. bacteriophora (HK3) and S. feltiae (Nemaplus®) indicated that both strains could survive at least 6 days in the soil and infect WFT immature stages.

scholarly journals Resistance of Greenhouse, Laboratory, and Native Populations of Western Flower Thrips to Spinosad

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Loughner ◽  
Daniel F. Warnock ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thrips Population

Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)] collected from greenhouse, laboratory, and native populations were evaluated for resistance to the insecticide spinosad. Individual cut stems of transvaal daisy (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook. f.) were inoculated with 25 adults from 1 of 9 thrips populations and maintained in isolation chambers. Treatments of no spray, water spray, spinosad at one-half label rate (0.41 mL·L-1) and spinosad at the recommended label rate (0.81 mL·L-1) were applied to the flowers. Three days after treatment, the number of live and dead thrips was recorded. Significantly more thrips were recovered from the control treatments than the spinosad treatments. Thrips survival varied by treatment and insect population. Based on an odds ratio analysis, the likelihood of recovering live thrips was greater in the IL-GH1 (Illinois greenhouse) population than in the NV-N1 (Nevada native) reference population for both spinosad treatments, suggesting resistance to spinosad in the IL-GH1 population. The IL-GH1 population was collected from a greenhouse regularly sprayed with spinosad whereas the NV-N1 population was collected in Incline Village, Nev., on wildflowers with no history of exposure to spinosad. This is the first documented indication of spinosad resistance in a thrips population. In comparison to the NV-N1 reference population, none of the populations collected from laboratory or native nonagricultural environments exhibited evidence of resistance to spinosad. Resistance to an insecticide with a novel mode of action, such as spinosad, indicates the necessity of rotating insecticides and implementing alternative methods of managing western flower thrips. Chemical names used: spinosad including spinosyn A and spinosyn D (Conserve SC).

scholarly journals Laboratory and Greenhouse Evaluation of a Granular Formulation of Beauveria bassiana for Control of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingrui Zhang ◽  
Zhongren Lei ◽  
Stuart Reitz ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Yulin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Flower Thrips

Western flower thrips (WFT) is one of the most important pests of horticultural crops worldwide because it can damage many different crops and transmit various plant viruses. Given these significant impacts on plant production, novel methodologies are required to maximize regulation of WFT to minimize crop losses. One particular approach is to develop control strategies for the non-feeding, soil-dwelling stages of WFT. Control of these stages could be enhanced through the use of granules impregnated with entomopathogenic fungi mixed in the soil. The use of soil-applied fungi contrasts with existing approaches in which entomopathogenic fungi are formulated as oil-based suspensions or water-based wettable powders for foliar applications against the feeding stages of WFT. To examine the efficacy of this approach, we evaluated the effects of a granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana on the soil-dwelling, pupal phases of Frankliniella occidentalis in laboratory bioassays and greenhouse experiments. Based on micromorphological observations of fungal conidia during the infection process after treatment of WFT with a B. bassiana suspension, fungal conidia complete the process of surface attachment, germination, and penetration of the body wall of the WFT pupa and enter the host within 60 h of treatment. Given these results, we undertook a controlled greenhouse experiment and applied B. bassiana granules to soil used to cultivate eggplants. Populations of F. occidentalis on eggplants grown in treated soil were 70% lower than those on plants grown in the untreated soil after 8 weeks. Furthermore, when measuring the survival and growth of B. bassiana on granules under different soil moisture conditions, survival was greatest when the soil moisture content was kept at 20%. These results indicate that the application of B. bassiana-impregnated granules could prove to be an effective biological control strategy for use against F. occidentalis under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals 443 Resistance in Impatiens wallerana to Western Flower Thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] Feeding Damage

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 470B-470
Author(s):  
B. Bejie Herrin ◽  
Daniel F. Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Population

Western flower thrips are an ever-increasing problem in greenhouse floriculture crops. Thrips resistance to pesticides as well as tighter regulations on pesticide use are making thrips management in the greenhouse more difficult. To improve host plant resistance, a study was conducted to determine if impatiens cultivars varied in their susceptibility to western flower thrips feeding damage. In a replicated study, nine impatiens cultivars were inoculated with about 30 thrips. Thrips were allowed to feed on individual plants during an 8-week period of growth. During plant growth, visual evaluations to estimate thrips feeding damage were conducted every 2 weeks. At the conclusion of the experiment, a final visual evaluation was made and thrips numbers were determined. Cultivars varied in estimates of thrips feeding damage. Several cultivars exhibited significantly reduced levels of thrips feeding damage. Of these cultivars, some had high thrips population levels, indicating tolerance, while other cultivars had low thrips population levels, an indication of antibiosis. One cultivar was determined to be highly susceptible to thrips feeding damage. This cultivar was so damaged by the end of the study, remaining plant material was unable to support thrips populations. Variability was found in the levels of thrips feeding damage and thrips population levels indicating the presence of tolerance and/or antibiosis. Because of detected variability, the potential for improving impatiens resistance to thrips feeding damages exists.

scholarly journals Influences of Botanical Pesticides and Biological Agents on Orius Laevigatus - Frankliniella Occidentalis Dynamics Under Greenhouse Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Bonsignore ◽  
Vincenzo Vacante
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Orius Laevigatus ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Flower Thrips

Influences of Botanical Pesticides and Biological Agents onOrius Laevigatus - Frankliniella OccidentalisDynamics Under Greenhouse ConditionsWe assessed the influence of nine biopesticides on adults and larvae of western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) and its predator, the anthocoridOrius laevigatus(Fieber) under Mediterranean greenhouse conditions. Trials were carried out in a strawberry crop where both species had naturally established. Foliar sprays were applied weekly for one month. Treatments did not provide sufficient control of larval and adultF. occidentalis. The negative effects on the dynamics of the predator were evident only with the use of some specific products. The botanical insecticides rotenone and neem, and the nematodeSteinernema feltiae(Filipjev) reducedO. laevigatusnumbers, and these effect are evident in the adult stage ofO. laevigatus. Such products have determined a reduction of the population of the predator from the first treatments even if the incidence was not very high. We conclude that the use of some botanical pesticides and nematodes against WFT is uneconomical and possibly disadvantageous where there is an established predator-prey population.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

Stability of spinosad resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) under laboratory conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bielza ◽  
V. Quinto ◽  
C. Grávalos ◽  
E. Fernández ◽  
J. Abellán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Successive Generations

AbstractThe stability of spinosad resistance in western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), populations with differing initial frequencies of resistance was studied in laboratory conditions. The stability of resistance was assessed in bimonthly residual bioassays in five populations with initial frequencies of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of resistant individuals. There were no consistent changes in susceptibility of the susceptible strain after eight months without insecticide pressure. In the resistant strain, very highly resistant to spinosad (RF50>23,000-fold), resistance was maintained up to eight months without further exposure to spinosad. In the absence of any immigration of susceptible genes into the population, resistance was stable. In the case of the population with different initial frequency of resistant thrips, spinosad resistance declined significantly two months later in the absence of selection pressure. With successive generations, these strains did not change significantly in sensitivity. Spinosad resistance inF. occidentalisdeclined significantly in the absence of selection pressure and the presence of susceptible WFT. These results suggest that spinosad resistance probably is unstable under field conditions, primarily due to the immigration of susceptible WFT. Factors influencing stability or reversion of spinosad resistance are discussed.

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