scholarly journals GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF YOUNG MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 637f-637
Author(s):  
Fenton E. Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Golden Delicious

Tree size, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and anchorage of 6 micropropagated (MP) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were determined in 1991 after 5 years of production, as compared with trees on seedling (sdlg) or M 7a roots. Trees were planted in 1984, with crops harvested from 1987 through 1991. Trees were generally smallest (trunk cross-sectional area) on M 7a and were largest with 4 cultivars (`Delicious', `Jonathan', `Rome', `Spartan') when micropropagated. `Golden Delicious' (GD) was largest on sdlg. Cumulative yield was affected by a scion × rootstock interaction, with few trends in scion or rootstock effects. Mean cumulative yield was 84 kg tree-1, 71 and 58 for M 7a, MP and sdlg, respectively. Yield efficiency was also affected by a scion × rootstock interaction. In 1991, mean yield efficiency was 0.5 kg cm-2 for sdlg and MP trees, but was 1.05 for M 7a. Efficiency on M 7a was superior to other rootstocks with all scions except `GD', while sdlg and MP trees were statistically similar with all scions. All trees leaned in response to prevailing westerly winds, with trees on sdlg tending to be more upright than MP or M 7a trees.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of sweet cherry trees on different roostocks

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hrotkó ◽  
L. Magyar ◽  
G. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Similar Tendency

The first nine years' results of sweet cherry rootstock trial from Hungary are presented with the aim to select efficient rootstocks for the local ecological conditions. The trials were established in 1989 with 'Van' and 'Germersdorfi óriás' cultivars on the following rootstocks: mahaleb Sainte Lucie 64, Colt, MxM 14, MxM 97. All the trees were headed at 80 cm and trained to a modified Brunner-spindle system. Tree size and yield was measured every year, and the cumulative yield efficiency was calculated. Based upon the results, mahaleb cherry SL 64 is a vigorous rootstock with good compatibility and productivity. In comparison to SL 64. the trunk cross-sectional area and canopy spread of the 'Van' trees decreased by 10-15% on rootstock Colt, while the trees of 'Germersdorfi orias' on Colt roostock grew even larger than on SL 64. Considerable 30-40 % reduction of tree size was achieved on trees grafted on M x M hybrids. Trees of `Germersdorfi óriás' showed a similar tendency without significant differences. The cumulative yield efficiency of `Van' trees after nine years was highest on rootstock MxM 14, followed by Sainte Lucie 64. Trees on Colt and MxM 97 rootstocks showed low productivity. `Germersdorfi óriás' produced the highest cumulative yield efficiency on SL 64, followed by MxM 14 and Colt and last MxM 97. Biennial bearing index of heavy cropping 'Van' trees was smaller than that of `Germersdorfi óriás'. The trees of 'Van' on MxM 97 showed higher biennial bearing index, while 'Germersdorfi orias' on different rootstocks showed similar tendency, but without significant differences. MxM 14 and MxM 97 rootstocks reduced the crotch angle of the shoots on both sweet cherry varieties which is disadvantegous to spindle training. Slight suckering (1-3/year) of the rootstocks Colt, MxM 14 and MxM 97 were observed during the first few years.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON THE GROWTH, LONGEVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 623H-623
Author(s):  
George M. Greene ◽  
Alvan G. Gaus
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
P 16

The influence of rootstocks on the growth and productivity of `Starkspur Supreme Pagnelli Delicious' was determined in an NC-140 experiment started in 1984. The planting was supplemental to the main experiment and it contained Ottawa (Ott) 3, M.20, and Arnold Lynd (AL) 800, but did not contain Budagovsky (Bud) 490, Bud 9, Antonovka 313, or C6. Trees that apparently would not stand were given support. Data on tree size and yield were collected every year. As expected, many characteristics were strongly influenced by rootstock. Yield efficiency calculated as the total fruit weight per square cm of trunk cross-sectional area was used as a measure of production efficiency. In 1989, efficient producers of fruit (all in decreasing order) were Poland (P) 2, EMLA.26, P 16, and Michigan Apple Clone (MAC) 39. Intermediate in productivity were M.20, Cornell-Geneva (CG) 10, Pl, and AL 800. A lower efficiency group of rootstocks were EMLA.7, Ott 3, MAC 1, Seedling, M.4, P 18, and CG 24. `Golden Delicious' and `McIntosh' on EMLA.26, used as pollinizers, were ranked second and third in yield efficiency.

scholarly journals 597 Rootstock and Scion Interact to Affect Apple Tree Performance: Results from a 10-year Trial by the NC-140 Technical Committee

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 499F-500
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Autio
Keyword(s):  
Technical Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Performance Results

In 1990, trials were established at 13 sites including `Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', `Empire', and `Rome' apple cultivars in all combinations on M.9 EMLA, B.9, Mark, O.3, and M.26 EMLA rootstocks. After 10 growing seasons, rootstock and cultivar interacted significantly to affect trunk cross-sectional area and yield efficiency but not yield per tree or survival. Generally, trunk cross-sectional area was greatest for M.26 EMLA, followed by O.3, M.9 EMLA, B.9, and Mark. However, differences between B.9 and Mark and between M.9 EMLA and O.3 varied with cultivar. B.9 was 34% to 46% larger than Mark with `Golden Delicious' and `Empire,' but they were similar for `Jonagold' and `Rome.' O.3 was 27% larger than M.9 EMLA with `Golden Delicious' and `Empire,' they were similar for `Rome', and O.3 was 12% smaller than M.9 EMLA with `Jonagold'. M.26 EMLA resulted in the greatest cumulative yield per tree, followed by O.3, M.9 EMLA, B.9, and Mark. Generally, cumulative yield efficiency (1992–99) was greatest B.9 and Mark and least for M.26 EMLA. M.9 EMLA and O.3 were similar and intermediately efficient. However, differences between B.9 and Mark and between M.9 EMLA and O.3 varied with cultivar. M.9 EMLA and O.3 were similarly efficient with `Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', and `Rome,' but M.9 EMLA was 11% more efficient than O.3 with `Empire'. B.9 and Mark were similarly efficient with `Golden Delicious' and `Jonagold', but Mark was 15% more efficient and 25% less efficient than B.9 trees with `Empire' and `Rome', respectively. Site played an important role, but survival was best for B.9 and poorest for O.3. Cooperators included: J.L. Anderson, W. Autio, J. Barden, G. Brown, R. Crassweller, P. Domoto, A. Erb, D. Ferree, A. Gaus, R. Hayden, P. Hirst, F. Morrison, C. Mullins, J. Schupp, and L. Tukey.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Pruning and Rootstock on Growth and Performance of `Golden Delicious' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
M. Knee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
And Performance

`Smoothee Golden Delicious' apple trees on nine rootstocks or interstems were mechanically root pruned annually for 9 years beginning the year after planting. Root pruning reduced trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) by 14% over the first 5 years and 22% in the last 4 years of the trial. Yield and fruit size were reduced by root pruning in most years with the fruit size effect obvious in June at the end of cell division. Interstem trees of MAC.9/MM.106 were larger than trees on M.9 and the following interstems: M.9/MM.106, M.9/MM.111, M.27/MM.111. Trees on seedling (SDL) rootstock were the largest and had the lowest yield per unit TCA and lower cumulative yield/tree than trees on M.7, MM.106, and MM.1ll. There was no interaction for any measure of growth or yield between root pruning and rootstock or interstem.

Cumulative Yield, Tree Growth, and Yield Efficiency of 18 Asian Pear Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 463f-464
Author(s):  
Fenton E Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Research Unit ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
High Yields

Eighteen Asian pear cultivars on Pyrus betulaefolia rootstocks were planted in 1990 at Washington State University's Royal Slope Research Unit in central Washington State. Annual trunk diameters have been measured since planting, and annual harvest records have been kept since 1995. The six cultivars with the largest trees, ranked in decreasing order of trunk cross-sectional area, were `Daisui Li' (144 cm2), `Ishiiwase', `Huhoot Li', `Shin Li', `Shinsui', and `Yoinashi' (123 cm2). The six cultivars with the smallest trees were `Twentieth Century' (91 cm2), `Chojuro', `Shinseiki', `Shinko', `Yakumo', and `Tarusa Crimson' (38 cm2). `Tarusa Crimson' was significantly smaller than all other cultivars. The six highest-yielding cultivars, ranked in decreasing order of cumulative yield, were `Daisui Li' (183 kg/tree), `Shinseiki', `Shin Li', `Shinko', `Chojuro,' and `Olympic' (107 kg/tree). `Daisui Li' had significantly higher cumulative yield than all other cultivars. The six lowest-yielding cultivars were `Yoinashi' (71 kg/tree), `Huhoot Li', `Tarusa Crimson', `Yakumo', `Shinsui', and `Nangon Li' (19 kg/tree). The six highest-ranking cultivars for cumulative yield efficiency were `Shinseiki' (1.6 kg·cm–2), `Shinko', `Chojuro', `Daisui Li', `Tarusa Crimson', and `Olympic' (1.2 kg·cm–2). The six least-efficient cultivars were `Ishiiwase' (0.7 kg·cm–2), `Yakumo', `Yoinashi', `Huhoot Li', `Shinsui', and `Nangon Li' (0.2 kg·cm–2). `Daisui Li' and `Tarusa Crimson' had similar, relatively high, cumulative yield efficiencies, but for different reasons. `Daisui Li' produced high yields on large trees while `Tarusa Crimson' produced low yields on small trees. In contrast, the relatively high efficiencies of `Shinseiki', `Shinko' and `Chojuro' resulted from high yields produced on small trees.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some dwarf apple rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kosina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Good Productivity

Dwarf apple rootstocks M 9, M 27, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, Jork 9, J-TE-E, J-TE-F, J-TE-G and J-OH-A were evaluated in a trial conducted in an experimental orchard with cultivars Golden Delicious, Gloster and Melrose. The experimental plantation was established in 1990. Data on: yield (kg/tree), yield efficiency (kg/cm2), trunk cross-section area and suckering were recorded during the period 1991–2000. The cumulative yield per tree was highest on Jork 9 and Pajam 2. Trees on Pajam 1 and M 9 also had good productivity. Yield efficiency was highest on Jork 9, followed by M 27 and J-TE-G. Trees on Pajam 2 were most vigorous. The tree size on M 9 was similar like on Pajam 1. Trees on J-TE-E and J-TE-F grew less than those on M 9. The weakest growth was observed on rootstocks M 27 and J-TE-G. Among the tested rootstocks, J-OH-A produced the highest number of suckers. Suckering was more intensive with Melrose followed by Gloster and Golden Delicious.

scholarly journals 318 Interrelationships among Cumulative Yield, Scion Weight, and Trunk Cross-sectional Area of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 497E-497
Author(s):  
John A. Barden ◽  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Partitioning Pattern

Productivity of perennial fruit plants depends to a sizeable degree on partitioning of assimilates between vegetative and reproductive structures. Cultivars and rootstocks modify the partitioning pattern, but there are very few data published on these relationships. The termination of a long-term evaluation of standard-growing and spur-type strains of `Delicious' and `Golden Delicious' on several dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks and interstocks provided an excellent opportunity to assess the relationships among cumulative yield, scion weight, and trunk cross-sectional area (TCA). Cultivars were `Goldspur' and `Smoothee' strains of `Golden Delicious' and `Redchief' and `Red Prince' strains of `Delicious'. Rootstocks and interstocks included Malling 9 (M.9), M.26, M.9/Malling Merton 106 (MM.106), M.9/MM.111, M.7, MM.106, and MM.111. Row spacing was standard at 6.1 m. Tree spacing varied with anticipated vigor and ranged from 1.8 to 5.5 m. Pruning times and weight of prunings were recorded in two years. After 18 years, trees were cut off just above the soil line and weighed. TCA and scion weight were highly correlated despite of considerable differences in degree of containment pruning required, and cumulative yields were well correlated with both TCA and scion weight. The ratio of cumulative crop weight to final scion weight decreased quadratically with increasing TCA. Pruning times and weight of prunings were somewhat better correlated with TCA in `Delicious' than in `Golden Delicious'.

scholarly journals Influence of Planting Depth on Growth of Young Apple Trees

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-164
Author(s):  
C.G. Lyons ◽  
R.E. Byers ◽  
K.S. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Young Apple

Shallow planted trees of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Malling 7A (M 7A) and Malling-Merton 111 (MM 111) rootstock were smaller in the 5th year following planting and had higher bloom densities than deep-planted trees. Trees on MM 111 also had more fruit per cross sectional area when shallow planted. Deep planted trees of MM 111 had greater depth to the first root. No differences were observed in degree of lean of either rootstock.

scholarly journals Tree and Fruit Growth of `Napoleon' Cherry in Response to Rootstock and Planting Method

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita N. Miller ◽  
Porter B. Lombard ◽  
Melvin N. Westwood ◽  
Robert L. Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Planting Method

`Napoleon' grafted onto Colt, F/12-1, and MxM60 rootstock were planted into three types of tree holes: augered; backhoed, and backhoed plus fumigation. The auger treatment resulted in lower yields, smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TSCA), and smaller canopy volume when compared to backhoed holes. Fumigation had no significant effect. Trees on Colt rootstock were more precocious, had a smaller TCSA and canopy volume, greater cumulative yield efficiency, and, in 1987, the smallest fruit weight. The yield efficiency of Colt was the highest until 1988, when it was surpassed by MxM60, but was still similar to F/12-l. Yields were highest on trees of MxM60 in 1987 and 1988.

Use of planting depth and budding height to modify vigour control of Ottawa 3 apple rootstock

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
C. R. Hampson ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Root Suckering ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Root Suckers

The dwarfing apple rootstock Ottawa 3 (O.3) produces trees slightly too large for high density plantings on fertile soils, but it is more cold hardy and better anchored than Malling 9. Our objective was to reduce the vigour of trees on O.3 by budding scions higher or planting the trees more shallowly. Summerland McIntosh was budded at 15 cm onto O.3 and planted such that 6 to 14 cm of the rootstock shank was above ground. Planting depth did not affect tree size, yield or yield efficiency. Increasing budding height from 5 to 25 cm increased vigour control, yield efficiency and the production of root suckers on O.3. Higher budding may be an effective way to reduce the vigour of trees on O.3 in areas where the greater root suckering is not a fireblight hazard. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., dwarfing rootstock

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