Tree and Fruit Growth of `Napoleon' Cherry in Response to Rootstock and Planting Method

`Napoleon' grafted onto Colt, F/12-1, and MxM60 rootstock were planted into three types of tree holes: augered; backhoed, and backhoed plus fumigation. The auger treatment resulted in lower yields, smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TSCA), and smaller canopy volume when compared to backhoed holes. Fumigation had no significant effect. Trees on Colt rootstock were more precocious, had a smaller TCSA and canopy volume, greater cumulative yield efficiency, and, in 1987, the smallest fruit weight. The yield efficiency of Colt was the highest until 1988, when it was surpassed by MxM60, but was still similar to F/12-l. Yields were highest on trees of MxM60 in 1987 and 1988.

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A Statistical Model to Estimate Potential Yields in Peach before Bloom

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.128.3.0297 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 297-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Carlos Miranda Jiménez ◽

J. Bernardo Royo Díaz

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Crop Density

Spring frosts are usual in many of Spain's fruit-growing areas, so it is common to insure crops against frost damage. After a frost, crop loss must be evaluated, by comparing what crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtainable at the beginning of the tree's growth cycle. During the years 1997 through 1999 and in 86 commercial plots of peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], the following measurements were obtained: trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, cm2), trunk cross sectional area per hectare (TCA/ha), estimated total shoot length per trunk cross-sectional area (SLT, shoot m/cm2 TCA), crop density (CD, amount of fruit/cm2 TCA), fruit weight (FW, g), yield efficiency (YE, kg of fruit/cm2 TCA), yield per tree (Y, kg fruit/tree) and days between full bloom and harvest (BHP, days). CD and average FW were related to the rest of the variables through the use of multiple regression models. The models which provided the best fit were CD = SLT - TCA/ha and FW = SLT + BHP - CD. These models were significant, consistent, and appropriate for all three years. The models' predictive ability was evaluated for 32 different plots in 2001 and 2002. Statistical analysis showed the models to be valid for the forecast of orchards' potential yield efficiency, so that they represent a useful tool for early crop prediction and evaluation of losses due to late frosts.

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Growth and yield of sweet cherry trees on different roostocks

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/5/3-4/55 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (3-4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Hrotkó ◽

L. Magyar ◽

G. Simon

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Tree Size ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Biennial Bearing ◽

Similar Tendency

The first nine years' results of sweet cherry rootstock trial from Hungary are presented with the aim to select efficient rootstocks for the local ecological conditions. The trials were established in 1989 with 'Van' and 'Germersdorfi óriás' cultivars on the following rootstocks: mahaleb Sainte Lucie 64, Colt, MxM 14, MxM 97. All the trees were headed at 80 cm and trained to a modified Brunner-spindle system. Tree size and yield was measured every year, and the cumulative yield efficiency was calculated. Based upon the results, mahaleb cherry SL 64 is a vigorous rootstock with good compatibility and productivity. In comparison to SL 64. the trunk cross-sectional area and canopy spread of the 'Van' trees decreased by 10-15% on rootstock Colt, while the trees of 'Germersdorfi orias' on Colt roostock grew even larger than on SL 64. Considerable 30-40 % reduction of tree size was achieved on trees grafted on M x M hybrids. Trees of `Germersdorfi óriás' showed a similar tendency without significant differences. The cumulative yield efficiency of `Van' trees after nine years was highest on rootstock MxM 14, followed by Sainte Lucie 64. Trees on Colt and MxM 97 rootstocks showed low productivity. `Germersdorfi óriás' produced the highest cumulative yield efficiency on SL 64, followed by MxM 14 and Colt and last MxM 97. Biennial bearing index of heavy cropping 'Van' trees was smaller than that of `Germersdorfi óriás'. The trees of 'Van' on MxM 97 showed higher biennial bearing index, while 'Germersdorfi orias' on different rootstocks showed similar tendency, but without significant differences. MxM 14 and MxM 97 rootstocks reduced the crotch angle of the shoots on both sweet cherry varieties which is disadvantegous to spindle training. Slight suckering (1-3/year) of the rootstocks Colt, MxM 14 and MxM 97 were observed during the first few years.

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Growth and productivity characteristics of Japanese plum cultivars

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1702133m ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

Dragan Milatovic ◽

Dejan Djurovic ◽

Gordan Zec

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

High Yield ◽

Tree Trunk ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Japanese Plum

Growth and productivity characteristics including: initial and final fruit set, yield per tree, trunk cross-sectional area, yield efficiency and fruit weight were studied in ten cultivars of Japanese plums in the Belgrade area for the period of three years (2013-2015). Initial fruit set ranged from 5.6 to 44.4%, and the final fruit set from 2.6 to 23.36%. The high yield per tree (over 10 kg) was obtained in cultivars ?Obilnaja? and ?Morettini 355?, whereas the low yield (under 5 kg) was obtained in cultivars ?Strival?, ?Black Amber?, ?Early Angeleno? and ?Autumn Giant?. The lowest vigor was observed in the cultivar ?Golden Plum?, and the highest in the cultivar ?Strival?. The majority of cultivars had a very large fruit (over 50 g). The yield was strongly positively correlated with initial and final fruit set (r = 0.84**; r = 0.92**, respectively). Fruit weight was moderately negatively correlated with initial and final fruit set (r = -0.67*; r = -0.63*, respectively).

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597 Rootstock and Scion Interact to Affect Apple Tree Performance: Results from a 10-year Trial by the NC-140 Technical Committee

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.499f ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 499F-500

Author(s):

Wesley R. Autio

Keyword(s):

Technical Committee ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Performance Results

In 1990, trials were established at 13 sites including `Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', `Empire', and `Rome' apple cultivars in all combinations on M.9 EMLA, B.9, Mark, O.3, and M.26 EMLA rootstocks. After 10 growing seasons, rootstock and cultivar interacted significantly to affect trunk cross-sectional area and yield efficiency but not yield per tree or survival. Generally, trunk cross-sectional area was greatest for M.26 EMLA, followed by O.3, M.9 EMLA, B.9, and Mark. However, differences between B.9 and Mark and between M.9 EMLA and O.3 varied with cultivar. B.9 was 34% to 46% larger than Mark with `Golden Delicious' and `Empire,' but they were similar for `Jonagold' and `Rome.' O.3 was 27% larger than M.9 EMLA with `Golden Delicious' and `Empire,' they were similar for `Rome', and O.3 was 12% smaller than M.9 EMLA with `Jonagold'. M.26 EMLA resulted in the greatest cumulative yield per tree, followed by O.3, M.9 EMLA, B.9, and Mark. Generally, cumulative yield efficiency (1992–99) was greatest B.9 and Mark and least for M.26 EMLA. M.9 EMLA and O.3 were similar and intermediately efficient. However, differences between B.9 and Mark and between M.9 EMLA and O.3 varied with cultivar. M.9 EMLA and O.3 were similarly efficient with `Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', and `Rome,' but M.9 EMLA was 11% more efficient than O.3 with `Empire'. B.9 and Mark were similarly efficient with `Golden Delicious' and `Jonagold', but Mark was 15% more efficient and 25% less efficient than B.9 trees with `Empire' and `Rome', respectively. Site played an important role, but survival was best for B.9 and poorest for O.3. Cooperators included: J.L. Anderson, W. Autio, J. Barden, G. Brown, R. Crassweller, P. Domoto, A. Erb, D. Ferree, A. Gaus, R. Hayden, P. Hirst, F. Morrison, C. Mullins, J. Schupp, and L. Tukey.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROOTSTOCK WITH `STARKSPUR SUPREME' SCIONS TO MATURITY INDICES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.8.863e ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 863e-863

Author(s):

Dwight Wolfe ◽

Gerald Brown

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Maturity Indices

The maturity indices of percent fruit drop, percent soluble solids, and flesh firmness of apples from trees with `Starkspur Supreme' scions on nine rootstocks were compared over the five-year period 1985-1989. The nine rootstocks included EMLA 7, EMLA 9, EMLA 26, EMLA 27, Mark, MAC 24, Ottawa 3, OAR 1, and M9. The five-year averages of each of the maturity indices varied significantly among the nine stions. The average percent fruit drop was more strongly correlated with trunk cross-sectional area (r=0.572) than it was with cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.346). Flesh firmness was significantly correlated with cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.398) but not with either trunk cross-sectional area or cumulative yield. The average percent soluble solids was more significantly correlated with trunk cross-sectional area (r=0.770) than it was with either cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.383) or cumulative yield (r=0.637). It is suggested that tree size may be used as an indicator for predicting maturity in cases where little or no information is available on the effects of that particular rootstock on maturity.

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602 PB 214 GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF ALMOND TREES AS AFFECTED BY PEACH AND PEACH-ALMOND HYBRID ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.518d ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 518d-518

Author(s):

Warren C. Micke ◽

Mark W. Freeman ◽

James T. Yeager

Keyword(s):

Productive Efficiency ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Almond Trees ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Peach Rootstocks ◽

Central San Joaquin Valley ◽

Planted Tree

A replicated rootstock trial for almond was established in 1986 in the central San Joaquin Valley, a major almond growing area for this most widely planted tree crop in California. `Nonpareil', the major cultivar in California, was used for this trial with `Fritz' grown as the pollenizing cultivar. Two standard rootstocks for almond, `Nemaguard' and `Lovell' peach, were compared to two newer peach-almond hybrid rootstocks, `Bright's' and `Hansen'. After eight years both hybrid rootstocks produced significantly larger trees than the peach rootstocks, based on trunk cross-sectional area. Trees on hybrid rootstocks frequently produced greater yields than those on peach rootstocks; although, differences were not always significant. However, there were generally no significant differences in production per trunk cross-sectional area (yield efficiency). Thus, increased production by trees on hybrid rootstock was the result of larger tree size and not an inherent increase in productive efficiency of the tree itself. Since trees on hybrid rootstock should be planted further apart than those on peach, production per hectare should not be significantly increased, at least under good growing conditions as represented in this trial.

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GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF YOUNG MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) TREES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.637f ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 637f-637

Author(s):

Fenton E. Larsen ◽

Stewart S. Higgins

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Tree Size ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Westerly Winds ◽

Golden Delicious

Tree size, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and anchorage of 6 micropropagated (MP) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were determined in 1991 after 5 years of production, as compared with trees on seedling (sdlg) or M 7a roots. Trees were planted in 1984, with crops harvested from 1987 through 1991. Trees were generally smallest (trunk cross-sectional area) on M 7a and were largest with 4 cultivars (`Delicious', `Jonathan', `Rome', `Spartan') when micropropagated. `Golden Delicious' (GD) was largest on sdlg. Cumulative yield was affected by a scion × rootstock interaction, with few trends in scion or rootstock effects. Mean cumulative yield was 84 kg tree-1, 71 and 58 for M 7a, MP and sdlg, respectively. Yield efficiency was also affected by a scion × rootstock interaction. In 1991, mean yield efficiency was 0.5 kg cm-2 for sdlg and MP trees, but was 1.05 for M 7a. Efficiency on M 7a was superior to other rootstocks with all scions except `GD', while sdlg and MP trees were statistically similar with all scions. All trees leaned in response to prevailing westerly winds, with trees on sdlg tending to be more upright than MP or M 7a trees.

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RELATIONSHIPS OF LEAF AREA AND TRUNK DIAMETER OF APPLE TREES AFFECTED BY ROOTSTOCK AN D CULTIVAR

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1169c ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1169c-1169

Author(s):

Curt R. Rom ◽

Renae E. Moran

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Mature Trees ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Old Trees

Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) has been used to estimate leaf area (LA) and yield efficiency but variation in LA and TCA relationships have been unexplored. LA and TCA of 10-yr-old 'Starkspur Supreme Delicious' on 9 rootstocks (STKs) were measured in 1989. LA and TCA of 2-yr-old trees of 3 cultivars (CVs) on 5 STKs were measured in 1991. Regression of LA and TCA was performed for each CV, STK and each CV/STK. On mature trees, LA varied significantly with STK. The number and LA of shoot leaves (LVS) and spur LVS varied with STK but the % of total was not significantly different (approx. 52% spur LVS). The relationships of LA and TCA were linear for mature (r2=.94) and young (r2=.44) trees. On young trees, TCA varied with CV, but LA did not. Both LA and TCA were significantly different among STKs. The linear relationships of LA and TCA had unique intercepts with each CV, STK and CV/STK combination but slopes were not significantly different. Leaf area of Jonagold' and 'Gala' tended to increase more with increasing TCA than 'Empire'.

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The Influence of Rootstock on the Growth and Fructification of Cherry Cultivars in a High Density Cultivation System

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha45210826 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 451-457

Author(s):

Monica Diana PAL ◽

Ioana MITRE ◽

Adrian C. ASĂNICĂ ◽

Adriana F. SESTRAȘ ◽

Adrian G. PETICILĂ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Length ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

First Time ◽

Gisela 5

The influence of rootstock on the growth and fruiting of three sweet cherry cultivars (‘Bigarreau Burlat’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’) was studied under the pedoclimatic conditions of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in 2014-2016. The trees were grafted on Gisela 5 rootstock, trained as Zahn Spindle and the orchard had a density of 1666 trees/ha. Root were cut twice, at 50 cm distance from the trunk, in an angle of 45° and 30 cm depth, as followed: first time, to the autumn, in fall leaves time, on one side of the row and the second time, in spring, at blooming time, at the other side of the row. The rootstocks influenced height of the trees, the shoot growth, the number of long and fruiting branches, trunk cross sectional area yield and precocity, with differences statistically assured. The longest shoots, in mean values, gave the variant with cultivars grafted on Mahaleb rootstock (111.7 cm). ‘Gisela 5’ rootstock decreases the average length of annual growth (93.3 cm). Trees grafted on Mahaleb formed more long fruiting branches and fewer short fruiting branches than those grafted on ‘Gisela 5’. The biggest average trunks cross sectional area were obtained for the cultivars grafted on Mahaleb (62.1 cm2). Also rootstocks influenced the height of the trees. The cumulative yield was almost double in variants where the trees were grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ (23.2kg/tree), compared to the variants where the trees were grafted on Mahaleb (13.1 kg/tree).

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Influence of Five Clonal Rootstocks on the Growth, Productivity and Fruit Quality of ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ Sweet Cherry Trees

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research ◽

10.2478/v10290-012-0010-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 5-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirosław Sitarek ◽

Barbara Bartosiewicz

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Tree Vigour ◽

Gisela 5 ◽

Cherry Trees

Abstract In the field experiment, 8-year-old ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ sweet cherry trees grafted on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘GiSelA 5’, ‘Piku 4’and ‘Weiroot 72’ clonal rootstocks were compared with trees of the same cultivars on the standard rootstock F 12/1. The data collected included tree vigour (expressed as trunk cross-sectional area − TCSA), yield, and fruit weight as well as content of soluble solids in fruit.Based on TCSA, the largest ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ trees were on ‘F12/1’, and the smallest were on ‘GiSelA 3’. The results revealed that all of the tested rootstocks being compared to ‘F 12/1’, significantly reduced the growth of sweet cherry trees.‘Sylvia’ trees on ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Piku 4’ yielded more than those on ‘F12/1’. The highest cumulative yields of ‘Karina’ were harvested from trees on ‘GiSelA 5’. ‘Karina’ trees on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘Piku 4’ and ‘Weiroot 72’ performed comparably in cumulative yields to those on ‘F12/1’. Rootstock effects on yield efficiency were consistent between the two cultivars, with the most yield efficient trees on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Weiroot 72’, and the least efficient trees on ‘F12/1’.Trees of both cultivars grafted on ‘GiSelA 3’ produced significantly smaller fruits than those grafted on ‘F 12/1’. The rest of the rootstocks, tested in terms of an effect on fruit weight (with the exception of ‘Karina’ on ‘Weiroot 72’), had a similar value to ‘F 12/1’. Effects of rootstock on content of soluble solids in fruit were modest and statistically insignificant.

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