scholarly journals Tolerance of Apple and Peach Trees to Triclopyr

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1023
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Individual Branch ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Treated Apple ◽  
Number Of Branches

The tolerance of newly planted apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees to the postemergence herbicide triclopyr was evaluated infield trials. Apple and peach trees were not injured by triclopyr applied at rates ranging from 0.28 to 1.12 kg acid equivalent (a.e.)/ha as a directed spray to soil. No injury was observed following direct application of 10 ml of a triclopyr solution at 2 g a.e./liter to the lower bark of either tree species. Applications of that solution to an individual branch injured or killed the treated apple or peach branch but did not affect the rest of the tree. No reduction in tree growth or injury was noted 1 year after triclopyr application. Applications of 10 ml of a glyphosate solution at 15 g a.i./liter to an apple branch caused severe injury and a growth reduction by 1 year after application, and killed all treated peach trees when applied to one branch. No triclopyr or 2,4-D treatment had affected apple or peach trunk diameter, number of branches, or tree size 1 year after application. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate); [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid (triclopyr); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).

scholarly journals Fenoxaprop Activity Influenced by Auxin-like Herbicide Application Timing

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1518-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Dernoeden ◽  
M.A. Fidanza
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Fenoxaprop is used on turfgrasses to control smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Sweib.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] and other annual grass weeds. Our objective was to determine if a broadleaf weed herbicide (BWH = 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba) would affect fenoxaprop activity. The BWH was applied several days or weeks before and after fenoxaprop was applied. Smooth crabgrass control by fenoxaprop was reduced significantly when the BWH was applied ≤14 days before fenoxaprop was applied. Extremely poor crabgrass control occurred when fenoxaprop was tank-mixed with the BWH. There was no reduction in crabgrass control when the BWH was applied 21 days before or ≥3 days after fenoxaprop. Chemical names used: ethyl ester of (±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fenoxaprop); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); (+)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (mecoprop); 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba).

scholarly journals Field Performance of Micropropagated, Own-rooted Peach Trees

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Hammerschlag ◽  
R. Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Tree Type ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques ◽  
Grafting Onto

Four peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] scion cultivars, `Jerseyqueen', `Redskin', `Suncrest', and `Sunhigh', that were propagated by tissue culture techniques and by bud-grafting onto `Lovell' seedlings, were compared at Kearneysville, W.Va., and at Beltsville, Md. At Kearneysville, total fruit production was higher for tissue-cultured (TC) trees when compared with budded trees in the first 3 years of fruiting, whereas trunk diameter increases were generally larger for budded trees. In the following year, fruit production was similar for both TC and budded trees, although trunk diameter increases continued to be larger for budded trees. At Beltsville, fruit production was significantly higher for TC trees in 1987, the first fruiting season, but the same for both in the second season. Trunk diameter increases were larger for budded trees both years. Differences in tree growth and productivity in the early years of orchard establishment appeared to be related to the size of plants that were planted. Budded trees, which were smaller than TC trees at planting, increased in size faster than TC trees but were less productive. Crop efficiency was cultivar-specific, but differences among cultivars was less if trees were TC propagated. These results suggested that based on yield and growth, own-rooted TC trees should be an acceptable tree type for commercial orchards.

scholarly journals Impact of Fungal Gummosis on Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Beckman ◽  
P.L. Pusey ◽  
P.F. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach tree fungal gummosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea [(Moug.:Fr.) Cos & de Not.] is widespread throughout the southeastern United States. Until recently, its economic impact on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been impossible to estimate, since no effective controls were known. Significant, though not total, suppression of gummosis on `Summergold' peach trees was achieved with an intensive 5-year spray program with captafol. Captan was far less effective than captafol. Both trunk diameter and fruit yield were negatively correlated with disease severity. After eight growing seasons, trees treated with captafol were 18% larger than the untreated trees. Yield of mature captafol-treated trees was 40% to 60% high er than that of untreated ones. Following termination of the spray program after 5 years, disease severity gradually increased on both captafol- and captan-treated trees. However, through eight growing seasons, disease severity was significantly lower on captafol-treated trees. This study demonstrates that peach tree fungal gummosis significantly depresses tree growth and fruit yield on susceptible peach cultivars.

The Antagonistic Action of 2,4-D and Bromoxynil on Glyphosate Phytotoxicity to Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
P. A. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Considerable Reduction ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The absorption, translocation, metabolism, and retention of an isopropylamine formulation of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] in the presence and absence of the commercial dimethylamine salt and isooctyl ester formulations of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], or the commercial isooctyl ester formulation of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) was investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Summit′). In all treatments, absorption of 14C-glyphosate continued for up to 24 h, but no further absorption occurred with a further 48 h of treatment. A considerable reduction in absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate occurred when it was applied to the leaf surface in a mixture with the commercial formulation of either 2,4-D amine, 2,4-D ester, or bromoxynil. When a 14C-glyphosate solution was spotted on the leaf adjacent to drops of the commercial formulation of either 2,4-D amine, 2,4-D ester, or bromoxynil, no reduction in absorption or translocation of 14C-glyphosate occurred. The herbicide components of the 2,4-D amine and bromoxynil formulations were solely responsible for reduced absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate. No 14C-glyphosate metabolites were detected in barley following treatment with 14C-glyphosate either alone or mixed with the commercial formulations of 2,4-D amine or bromoxynil. No 14C-glyphosate complexes were detected in mixtures of the commercial formulations of 2,4-D amine, 2,4-D ester, or bromoxynil with 14C-glyphosate. Barley leaves retained less glyphosate when it was spray-applied together with the commercial formulation or the solvent system of 2,4-D amine.

Interaction of EPTC and 2,4-D on Excised Tissue Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Beste ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Excised Tissue ◽  
Soybean Tissue

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr., ‘Hawkeye 63′) seedling segments from the zone of elongation and corn(Zea maysL., ‘Pioneer 3306) seedling segments were utilized to evaluate the antagonistic interaction ofS-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4-D). EPTC inhibited growth of the soybean and corn tissue, and 2,4-D in combination with EPTC caused an increase in growth compared to EPTC alone. The 2,4-D-enhanced growth in the presence of EPTC was due to an antagonism of the EPTC inhibition. Inhibition of soybean tissue growth byS-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate (butylate) also was antagonized by 2,4-D. Preincubation of soybean tissue in EPTC for 4 hr prior to the addition of 2,4-D did not prevent 2,4-D enhancement of growth. Conversely, the rate of growth was inhibited when EPTC was added after 4 hr of 2,4-D-enhanced growth. The addition of uridine to the incubation media with EPTC did not decrease the EPTC-inhibition of soybean tissue growth. This indicated that EPTC did not inhibit the synthesis of pyrimidine precursors. EPTC vapor losses from the incubation media reduced the inhibitory effect of EPTC to soybean tissue. Also, a growth reduction occurred when the amount of soybean tissue per unit of EPTC was increased.

Reaction of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) Seedlings to Four Herbicides Applied After Emergence

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop. ‘Melrose’) seedlings tolerated at 15:1 commercial formulation of the sodium salts of MCPB {4-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] butyric acid} and MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid} applied at rates up to 2.2 kg/ha in the greenhouse and 3.4 kg/ha in the field. Broadleaf weed control was only fair. Applications of 1.1 kg/ha, 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] ester caused moderate damage to sainfoin initially, but no reduction in yield. Weed control was fair to good. Higher rates of 2,4-DB caused excessive injury unless a heavy growth of weeds protected the sainfoin from contact with the spray. The use of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] amine damaged sainfoin severely, although weed control was fair. Nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether) at 3.4 kg/ha caused spotting on sainfoin leaves with no reduction in growth. Initial weed control was good, but sainfoin seedlings did not suppress new weed growth. Herbicide applications made when sainfoin had 1 to 3 leaves provided the best combination of crop tolerance and weed control.

Plant Regeneration from Excised Cotyledons of Mature Strawberry Achenes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Craig K. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot Buds ◽  
Rapid Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A protocol was developed for excising and culturing cotyledon explants from mature achenes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Cotyledon explants formed callus with multiple shoot buds on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog media containing several combinations of hormones (1 μm 2,4-D; 10 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA; 5 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA + 5 μm NAA; 5 μ m BA + 15 μ m NAA). After three subcultures, only tissues maintained on the medium containing 5 μm BA + 5 μm NAA continued to form shoots. Tissues transferred to other media eventually died (1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μ m BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA; 5 μ m BA + 1 μ m 2,4-D), became unorganized (1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 15 μm NAA), or formed roots (10 μm 2,4-D). Whole plantlets were produced by transferring callus with buds to medium lacking hormones. The rapid regeneration of clonal plantlets from cotyledon explants may be useful for reducing variability in future developmental studies. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D); and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

Cotton Resistance to 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Spray Drift 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Regier ◽  
R. E. Dilbeck ◽  
D. J. Undersander ◽  
J. E. Quisenberry
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Interference in Newly Planted Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
Walter A. Skroch ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field experiments conducted over a 2-yr period demonstrated that common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. # CYNDA] inhibited growth of newly planted peach (Prunus persica L. ‘Norman’) trees. Common bermudagrass densities of 100, 75, 50, and 25% ground cover reduced tree fresh weight by 86, 64, 43, and 19%, respectively, the first year (1978) and 87, 62, 44, and 28%, respectively, the second year (1979) after planting. Tree trunk diameter relative growth rate (RGR) was reduced by 75 and 100% common bermudagrass ground cover densities at all measurement dates only in 1978. Tree leaf N and K were reduced in both years by common bermudagrass; however, only at the 100% common bermudagrass density in 1978 was N at a deficient level. Leaf chlorophyll was reduced in trees grown in all densities of common bermudagrass only in 1978. Reduced tree growth cannot be explained entirely by competition for essential nutrients; thus an allelopathic effect of the bermudagrass on young peach roots is suspected.

Enhancement of Herbicide Activity with an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Several herbicides were tested in the greenhouse on ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.) to determine the degree of enhancement in activity that could be obtained with an isoparaffinic oil carrier applied at 140 L/ha. The enhancement varied with the herbicide and with the species, ranging from 16-fold enhancement with 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) on ivyleaf morningglory to no enhancement of atrazine activity on purple nutsedge and quackgrass or (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) activity on quackgrass and ivyleaf morningglory. An oil adjuvant was less effective in enhancing dinoseb and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) activity than was the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Also, the isoparaffinic oil carrier emulsified in water was less effective than the undiluted oil in enhancing dinoseb activity on green foxtail, even though equal volumes of the isoparaffinic oil were applied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document