scholarly journals Fenoxaprop Activity Influenced by Auxin-like Herbicide Application Timing

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1518-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Dernoeden ◽  
M.A. Fidanza
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Fenoxaprop is used on turfgrasses to control smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Sweib.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] and other annual grass weeds. Our objective was to determine if a broadleaf weed herbicide (BWH = 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba) would affect fenoxaprop activity. The BWH was applied several days or weeks before and after fenoxaprop was applied. Smooth crabgrass control by fenoxaprop was reduced significantly when the BWH was applied ≤14 days before fenoxaprop was applied. Extremely poor crabgrass control occurred when fenoxaprop was tank-mixed with the BWH. There was no reduction in crabgrass control when the BWH was applied 21 days before or ≥3 days after fenoxaprop. Chemical names used: ethyl ester of (±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fenoxaprop); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); (+)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (mecoprop); 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba).

Breakdown and Movement of 2,4-D in the Soil Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilson ◽  
H. H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The fate of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] in the soil under winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Nugaines’) and fallow cropping schemes was studied under the field conditions of eastern Washington in 1973 and 1974 using formulated dimethylamine salt and isooctyl ester of 2,4-D. Soil samples taken 1 hour after herbicide application showed that amine-treated plots retained considerably more applied 2,4-D than ester-treated plots. The rapidity of 2,4-D breakdown decreased gradually with time, and at the end of 6 months, an average of 0.04 ppm of 2,4-D remained in the sampled soil profile regardless of formulation, application rate, or cropping scheme. Loss of 2,4-D from the soil surface in runoff occurred when the plots were irrigated heavily one day after the herbicide application. The herbicide was also leached into the soil profile by both irrigation and natural precipitation. Herbicide concentrations in the sampled portion of the upper soil profile decreased during the summer and then increased slightly in the fall.

Total Alkaloid, Crude Protein, and Fiber Concentrations in Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) Following Herbicide Application

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
M. Coburn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Total alkaloid concentration, percentage water, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber in velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. # LUPLE) were monitored for 3 weeks following application of herbicides registered or soon to be registered for rangeland use. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) caused some signs of epinasty but did not kill velvet lupine. Total alkaloid concentration and nutrient quality of velvet lupine leaves treated with these herbicides was not significantly different from untreated plants. Esters of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid} killed most velvet lupine plants and caused a subsequent decrease in total alkaloid concentration, crude protein, and water content as the plants desiccated. Herbicides that effectively killed velvet lupine decreased alkaloid levels, thus lowering the potential for increased livestock poisoning.

Influence of Picloram Alone or Plus 2,4-D on Control of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) with Four Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashley O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted for 2 yr to determine the influence of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and a commercial mixture of picloram plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] (1:16, w/w) on control of wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) with four postemergence herbicides. The phytotoxicity to wild oats of barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) or difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) in 1981 and diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy] propanoic acid} or flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] in 1981 and 1982 was reduced when these herbicides were applied in a mixture with picloram plus 2,4-D. Consequently, the use of these mixtures for broad-spectrum weed control in one spray operation is not recommended. Picloram applied at a rate equivalent to the amount present in the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture did not influence the control of wild oats obtained with any herbicide, indicating that the antagonism was due to the 2,4-D component of the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture.

Antagonistic Effects of MCPA on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control with Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Olson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Inhibition

Experiments were conducted in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environment chambers to determine the extent to which MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid} antagonizes wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) control with diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Wild oat control with diclofop at 1 kg/ha was reduced from 96% when used alone to 76, 48, 31, and 14% by tank mixture with IAA (3-indole acetic acid), MCPA, 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), respectively. Wild oat control with diclofop applied alone at 1.1 kg/ha was similar to that of diclofop at 2.2 kg/ha applied as a tank mixture with MCPA at 0.15 or 0.3 kg/ha. MCPA antagonism of wild oat control with diclofop increased as the post-treatment temperature increased from 10 to 30 C. MCPA antagonism of wild oat control with diclofop was the same whether the herbicides were applied to the foliage only or to the foliage and soil. Approximately 20% of the wild oat root inhibition with diclofop applied postemergence, however, was from diclofop uptake from the soil. MCPA at 0.6 kg/ha did not reduce wild oat control when applied as a sequential treatment 2 days before or 1 day after diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha.

Control of White Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
Larry V. Mickelsen ◽  
David L. Turner ◽  
Darwin B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Oxytropis Sericea ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Several herbicides were evaluated for control of white locoweed (Oxytropis sericeaNutt. T & G # OXRMA) and changes in botanical composition on two sites on high-elevation rangeland. White locoweed was more abundant and its population more stable on the rocky subalpine wind-swept ridge site than on the subalpine loam site. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ae/ha eliminated white locoweed on the subalpine loam site, although the population on this site declined naturally. Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) was the most effective herbicide on the subalpine wind-swept site. Clopyralid at 0.3 and 0.6 kg ae/ha, dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) at 2.2 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha plus clopyralid or picloram at 0.3 kg/ha killed all white locoweed plants. Lower rates of clopyralid (0.1 kg/ha), dicamba (0.6 and 1.1 kg/ha), 2,4-D (2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha), and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2~pyridinyl)oxy] acetic aicid)} (0.6, 1.1, and 2.2 kg ae/ha) killed 45 to 84% of white locoweed plants. Grass cover increased on most treated areas where white locoweed, forbs, and sagebrush declined. Cattle consumption of white locoweed declined following application of 2,4-D.

Sensitivity of Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Reduced Rates of 2,4-D and Dicamba

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The effects of the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] on fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Great Northern Valley’) were studied in order to assess the potential hazards of using these herbicides in areas adjoining fieldbean production. Dicamba and 2,4-D were applied to fieldbeans at three different rates (1.1, 11.2, and 112.5 g ai/ha) and four different growth stages (preemergence, second trifoliolate leaf, early bloom, and early pod). Application of 2,4-D preemergence or in the second trifoliolate leaf stage of growth did not reduce seed yield, delay maturity, or reduce germination of seed obtained from treated plants. Dicamba or 2,4-D applied at 112.5 g/ha to fieldbeans in the early bloom or early pod stages of growth consistently reduced seed yield, delayed maturity, and reduced germination percentage. Fieldbeans exhibited a greater overall sensitivity to dicamba than to 2,4-D.

Honeyvine Milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) Response to Foliar Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Oliver G. Russ ◽  
Joseph P. O'Connor ◽  
Mark M. Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

A 3-yr experiment and a 1-yr experiment in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Newton’) and two 3-yr experiments in continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolorL. (Moench.) ‘Co-op SG-10’ or ‘DeKalb DX-42Y’] were conducted to evaluate selected foliage-applied herbicides for control of honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt # AMPAL]. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] applied at 3.4 kg ae/ha, glyphosate plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) applied at 1.7 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied at 1.7 plus 1.1 kg ae/ha in summer between harvesting and planting winter wheat and in spring prior to planting grain sorghum effectively reduced honeyvine milkweed regrowth 1 yr after initial application in both cropping systems. One or two additional annual applications did not provide complete control in either cropping system. Applications of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae/ha dicamba at 1.1 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D plus dicamba at 1.1 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha were effective if applied consecutively for 3 yr in continuous winter wheat but not in continuous grain sorghum.

Effects of Chlorsulfuron or 2,4-D upon Diclofop-Methyl Efficacy in Oat (Avena sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hall ◽  
Lloyd V. Edgington ◽  
Clayton M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Equimolar Concentration ◽  
Methyl Methyl ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Elgin′) seedlings were treated with combinations of diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} and 2,4-D amine [dimethylamine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] or diclofop-methyl and chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} to determine the effect of the added herbicide on diclofop-methyl activity. Diclofop-methyl applied alone at rates of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 kg/ha killed the oat plants 14 days after treatment. When 2,4-D amine at 0.74 and 1.11 kg/ha was combined with diclofop-methyl, the phytotoxicity of diclofop-methyl was reduced. An antagonistic interaction between diclofop-methyl and 2,4-D was detected. Chlorsulfuron, applied alone, at 20, 40, or 60 g/ha did not affect the growth of oats. Chlorsulfuron additions did not affect the activity of diclofop-methyl. Diclofop-methyl reduced oat coleoptile elongation. Equimolar concentrations of diclofop-methyl and 2,4-D at or above 1 μM significantly reduced the 2,4-D response. A ten-fold increase of either 2,4-D or diclofop-methyl, above an equimolar concentration of 1 μM, significantly enhanced the effect of the herbicide being increased.

Environment and Soil Conditions Influence Pre- and Postemergence Herbicide Efficacy in Soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Stewart ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Allan S. Hamill ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Before And After

Deciding on the most efficacious PRE and POST herbicide options and their ideal application timing can be challenging for soybean producers. Climatic events during the 14 d before and after herbicide application can further complicate decisions because of their influence on herbicide effectiveness. Nine field trials were conducted at three locations in southwestern Ontario from 2003 to 2006, to determine the most effective PRE and POST soybean herbicides for control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, green foxtail, and redroot pigweed. When precipitation was low at least 7 d before and after herbicide application weed control was reduced in treatments that included imazethapyr (PRE or POST) or flumetsulam/S-metolachlor (a premix formulation) (PRE). Cumulative precipitation during the 12 d after PRE application that exceeded the monthly average by at least 60% reduced common lambsquarters control when metribuzin was applied and green foxtail control when imazethapyr was applied. Delaying application of imazethapyr + bentazon to a later soybean growth stage decreased control of common lambsquarters and green foxtail; however, environmental conditions appeared to influence these results. Precipitation on the day of application decreased control of common ragweed and redroot pigweed more with quizalofop-p-ethyl + thifensulfuron-methyl + bentazon compared with imazethapyr + bentazon. Soybean yield varied among POST herbicide treatments because of reduced weed control. This research confirms that environmental conditions pre- and postapplication, as well as application timing, influence herbicide efficacy and should be considered by growers when selecting an herbicide program.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Apple and Peach Trees to Triclopyr

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1023
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Individual Branch ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Treated Apple ◽  
Number Of Branches

The tolerance of newly planted apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees to the postemergence herbicide triclopyr was evaluated infield trials. Apple and peach trees were not injured by triclopyr applied at rates ranging from 0.28 to 1.12 kg acid equivalent (a.e.)/ha as a directed spray to soil. No injury was observed following direct application of 10 ml of a triclopyr solution at 2 g a.e./liter to the lower bark of either tree species. Applications of that solution to an individual branch injured or killed the treated apple or peach branch but did not affect the rest of the tree. No reduction in tree growth or injury was noted 1 year after triclopyr application. Applications of 10 ml of a glyphosate solution at 15 g a.i./liter to an apple branch caused severe injury and a growth reduction by 1 year after application, and killed all treated peach trees when applied to one branch. No triclopyr or 2,4-D treatment had affected apple or peach trunk diameter, number of branches, or tree size 1 year after application. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate); [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid (triclopyr); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).

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