scholarly journals 821 P8 266 EVALUATING PULP AND PAPER SLUDGE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR PEAT MOSS IN CONTAINER MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 551a-551
Author(s):  
R.R. Tripepi ◽  
M.W. George ◽  
A.G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
One Year ◽  
Acer Ginnala

Pulp and paper sludge is a byproduct of paper production, yet this fibrous material may be suitable as an alternative amendment for peat moss in container media. Newsprint mill sludge was composted 6 weeks and cured before use. One-year-old seedlings of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) and amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim.) as well as rooted cuttings o cistena plum Prunus × cistena Hansen) were planted in 3-liter pots that contained a barksand (2:1 by vol) mix, 25% or 50% peatamended media, or 25% or 50% sludge-amended media. After 14 weeks outdoors, shoot dry weight and changes in plant height were measured. All species planted in sludge-amended media grew as well as those potted in peat-amended media or the bark:sand mix. In fact, some species grew best in sludge-amended media. Lilac seedlings planted in 25% sludge produced almost double the amount of shoot dry weight and were 80% taller than plants in the bark:sand mix or 25% peat. Maple plants grown in 500% sludge produced over 100% or 3590 more shoot dry weight than those grown in 25% or 50% peat-amended media, respectively. Plum cuttings pottedin25910 sludge grew at least 53% taller than plants grown in either peat-amended medium. These results indicate that composted newsprint sludge can be used as a peat moss substitute in a container medium for the landscape plants tested.

scholarly journals Evaluating Pulp and Paper Sludge as a Substitute For Peat Moss in Container Media

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Mary W. George ◽  
Alton G. Campbell ◽  
Bahman Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Pulp and paper sludge from a newsprint mill was composted for 6 weeks and evaluated as a substitute for peat moss in container media. One-year-old seedlings of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) and amur maple (Acer tataricum L. ssp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm.) as well as rooted cuttings of cistena plum (Prunus × cistena Hansen) were planted in #1 plastic pots that contained a pine bark and sand mixture (2:1 by vol) or pine bark and sand amended with either 25% or 50% peat moss or composted paper sludge. A 75% compost medium that consisted of composted paper sludge and sand (3:1 by vol) was also used in the study. Plant height was measured every 4 weeks. After 14 weeks of growth, shoot dry weight and final plant height were measured. All plants in compost-amended media grew as well as or better than those in peat-amended media, regardless of the species grown. Lilac plants in 25% compost produced almost double the amount of shoot dry weight and were 80% taller than plants in the bark: sand or 25% peat media. Maple plants in 50% compost produced at least 33% more shoot dry weight than those in either peat-amended medium. Plum cuttings in 25% compost grew at least 53% taller than those in either peat-amended medium. These results demonstrated that composted paper sludge from newsprint production was a worthy substitute for peat moss in a container medium for the three species tested.

scholarly journals Evaluating Paper Sludge in Container Media Used for Mum Production

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 867B-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Commercial Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Potting Media

Paper sludge is a fibrous material that may be suitable as a replacement for peat moss in potting media. The goal of this study was to compare the growth of potted `Iridon' mums (Dendranthema × grandiflora Tzvelev.) grown in sludge-amended media against that of plants in two peat-based commercial mixes. Paper sludge from a newsprint mill was composted 6 weeks. Plants were grown in a European pot mum regime with three rooted cuttings planted in square 10-cm pots containing either a commercial mix or a sludge-amended medium [75% sludge: 15% perlite: 10% vermiculite; or 50% sludge: 33% peatmoss: 17% perlite (by volume)]. Plants were grown for 12 weeks and not disbudded before plant growth indices were determined. Mums grown in sludge-amended media appeared similar to those grown in the commercial mixes. Plants grown in either sludge-amended medium were slightly shorter (1.5 cm) and narrower (2.5 cm) than those grown in the commercial mixes. In addition, mums grown in sludge-amended media produced eight fewer flowers and 4 g less shoot dry weight (per pot) compared to plants in commercial mixes. Composted paper sludge appears to be suitable for production of `Iridon' pot mums, even though plants grown in this material grew slightly less than those in commercial media.

scholarly journals TIME-RELEASE FERTILIZERS AND MEDIA AFFECT GROWTH OF CONTAINER-GROWN LAGERSTROEMIA AND LIGUSTRUM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 601f-601
Author(s):  
Houchang Khatamjan ◽  
Sudeep Vyapari
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Media Types ◽  
One Year ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

One-year-old liners of Firebird crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L. 'Firebird') and Vicary golden privet (Ligustrum X vicaryi) were planted in 7.6 liter containers. The growing media consisted of 3 pinebark: 1 Canadian peat moss: 1 sand and 3 sawdust: 1 Canadian peat moss: 1 sand (v/v/v). Both media were amended with NH4NO3 and dolomite. Several controlled release fertilizers at varying rates were incorporated into each medium prior to planting. Thirty, 60 and 90 days after planting, leachate samples were collected and tested for E.C. and pH. Fertilizer Sierra (17-6-10) and Osmocote (18-7-13) resulted in maximum shoot dry weight with both species and media types followed by Osmocote (24-4-8) and Escote (20-4-11). Plants grew equally well in pinebark and sawdust medium. After 30 and 60 days leachate from Sierra (17-6-10) had highest E.C. levels. Osmocote (18-7-13 and 24-4-8) recorded highest E.C. at 90 day sampling date. The sawdust medium had higher pH values than the pinebark.

Response of Taxus times media var. densiformis to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
J N Gemma ◽  
R E Koske ◽  
E M Roberts ◽  
S Hester
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Rooted cuttings of Taxus times media var. densiformis Rehd. were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe or Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and grown for 9-15 months in a greenhouse. At the completion of the experiments, leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly more chlorophyll (1.3-4.1 times as much) than did noninoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal plants had root systems that were significantly larger (1.3-1.4 times) and longer (1.7-2.1 times) than nonmycorrhizal plants, and they possessed significantly more branch roots (1.3-2.9 times). No differences in stem diameter and height or shoot dry weight were evident at the end of the experiments, although the number of buds was significantly greater in the cuttings inoculated with G. intraradices after 15 months.

Incorporation de résidus organiques dans un substrat tourbeux pour la production d'impatiens et de géraniums

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Fabienne Gauthier ◽  
Serge Gagnon ◽  
Blanche Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Impatiens Wallerana

During winter 1994 and spring-summer 1994, seedlings of Impatiens wallerana 'Accent Coral' and Pelargonium × hortorum 'Orbit Hot Pink' were grown in a commercial substrate (PRO-MIX 'BX') or in one of 24 substrates composed of perlite (35% by volume), peat moss and of six organic residues (composted water-treated sludge, forestry compost, fresh or composted used peat extracted by biofilter during treatment of municipal water, and fresh or composted paper sludge). The purpose of the study was to determine the maximal proportion of these residues to be incorporated into a peat substrate to obtain quality plants. Growth parameters (growth index, top dry weight, and visual quality) generally decreased with increasing proportion (5, 10, 25 or 40% per volume). During the winter experiment, growth of control plants was superior to growth of plants grown in substrates composed of residues. An incorporated proportion of 25% per volume was shown to be maximal for the production of impatiens and geraniums. Key words: Impatiens wallerana, Pelargonium × hortorum, water treated sludge, composted wastes, peat moss, subirrigation

scholarly journals Propagation of Catnip by Terminal and Single-node Cuttings

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolston St. Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Production Period

Abstract Adventitious rooting and subsequent development of rooted cuttings were evaluated for terminal, single-node, and tip cuttings of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.). During an eight-week production period, cuttings were treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 1, 3, and 8 g/kg (0, 1000, 3000, and 8,000 ppm), rooted for one to four weeks, and then grown in the greenhouse for four to seven weeks. At harvest, a first experiment showed that terminal cuttings propagated for four weeks accumulated less shoot dry weight (24 g) than cuttings propagated for two (36 g) or three (31 g) weeks. Terminal cuttings treated with 3 g/kg of IBA and propagated for four weeks had the highest root dry weight, which averaged 12.1 g. In the second experiment, length of the longest shoot and primary root and the number of roots and shoots were greater in single-node cuttings propagated for two or three weeks than those propagated for one week. A third experiment revealed that the development of primary roots in single-node and tip cuttings was similar during a 15-day rooting period.

scholarly journals GROWTH ENHANCEMENT OF PHOTINIA × FRASERI WITH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF GROWTH REGULATORS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1125b-1125
Author(s):  
Allen D. Owings ◽  
Steven E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Application

The action of foliar-applied uniconazole, paclobutrazol, dikegulac-sodium, ancymidol, 6-BA, GA4+7, and 6-BA + GA4+7 On container–grown Photinia × fraseri was studied over a one year period. Vegetative growth habit was evaluated at three month intervals. Shoot dry weight and histological examination of stern anatomy in the apical meristematic region was conducted at experiment termination.Several plant growth regulators, primarily uniconazole, 6-BA, 6-BA + GA4+7, and dikegulac-sodium, stimulated lateral branching. Linear increases in lateral branching occurred as application rates increased. High application rates of uniconazole and paclobutrazol created an asymmetrical growth habit and decreased dry weight accumulation.

Use of De-inked Paper Sludge in Potting Mixes for Geranium and Zinnia Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 464e-465
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Charlyn A. Koehn
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Average Plant

De-inked paper sludge from newsprint recycling was evaluated as an alternative amendment in bedding plant production. `Sweet Dreams' geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum) and `Crystal White' zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia) were grown in square 10-cm pots in one of five media. Media contained 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% de-inked paper sludge by volume. All mixes contained 10% perlite, and peatmoss was used to bring the volume to 100%. Initial chemical and physical characteristics of the media were determined. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 8 weeks, and then plant height, shoot dry weight, and average plant width were determined. Media containing 20% or less paper sludge had an average pH of 4.4, whereas those containing more sludge had an average pH of 7.0. Cation exchange capacity of the media decreased significantly as the volume of sludge increased. Media containing 60% or more paper sludge were better aerated, but held less water than those made with 40% or less de-inked sludge. Geraniums grown in 20% or less paper sludge were at least 18% taller than those grown in medium containing 40% or more de-inked sludge, but average dry weights and plant widths of these plants were unaffected by the media. Zinnia plants grown in 20% or less paper sludge produced four times more shoot dry weight and were at least 34% taller and 20% wider than those grown in 40% or more sludge. Overall, zinnias grown in 40% or more sludge were unacceptable for commercial sale. A volume of 20% de-inked paper sludge could safely be included in potting media used for production of `Sweet Dreams' geranium and `Crystal White' zinnia.

scholarly journals Growth of tomato seedlings in substrates containing a nanocomposite hydrogel with calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Raphael AC Melo ◽  
Marçal HA Jorge ◽  
Adriel Bortolin ◽  
Leonardo S Boiteux ◽  
Caue R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The correct use of hydrogels in some situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth, and the water-retention capacity of the growing medium. A technique for the production of a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, additional research is necessary in order to validate this innovative input, particularly for the production of vegetable crops seedlings. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of seedlings, tomato hybrid ‘BRS Nagai’, in substrates containing different amendments of hydrogel NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arranged in a complete randomized blocks design, with three replications. Three substrates (peat moss, pine bark, and coconut peat) corresponded to the first factor and three rates of the NC-MMt hydrogel (0%= R1, 1.5%= R2 and 2.0%= R3, on a w/w basis) corresponded to the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were assessed after three weeks. Overall, peat moss-based and pine bark-based substrates resulted in higher values for most of the analyzed traits: plant emergency percentage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio and the Dickinson Quality Index. Rates of NC-MMt hydrogel displayed significant responses only to root superficial area and root volume. NC-MMt hydrogel amendment (mainly 1.5%) combined with specific substrates (mainly peat moss-based substrate) was able to improve the growth of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings, with no observed toxic effects.

scholarly journals Clean Chip Residual as a Substrate for Perennial Nursery Crop Production

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Thomas V. Gallagher ◽  
H. Allen Torbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract Pine bark (PB) for horticultural uses is becoming less available and as a result, there is a need to develop alternative substrates for continued profitability of the nursery industry. This study, conducted at Poplarville, MS, and Auburn, AL, evaluated the growth of nine perennial species in a substrate composed of a pulpwood harvesting by-product called clean chip residual (CCR) which contains approximately 50% wood fiber. Two CCR particle sizes were used alone or amended with peat moss (PM) (4:1 by vol) and compared with control treatments PB and PB:PM. Substrates composed of 100% PB or 100% CCR had high air space (AS) and low water holding capacity (WHC) which resulted in less available water to plants. Addition of PM lowered AS and increased WHC. There were no significant differences among growth indices at Poplarville for 6 of 8 species and for 3 of 7 species at Auburn, though the remaining 4 species were only slightly smaller when grown in 100% CCR. Shoot dry weight was greatest in substrates amended with PM. Results of this study indicate that acceptable growth of perennial plants can be obtained in substrates composed of CCR when compared to PB and PB amended with PM.

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