Use of De-inked Paper Sludge in Potting Mixes for Geranium and Zinnia Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 464e-465
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Charlyn A. Koehn
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Average Plant

De-inked paper sludge from newsprint recycling was evaluated as an alternative amendment in bedding plant production. `Sweet Dreams' geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum) and `Crystal White' zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia) were grown in square 10-cm pots in one of five media. Media contained 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% de-inked paper sludge by volume. All mixes contained 10% perlite, and peatmoss was used to bring the volume to 100%. Initial chemical and physical characteristics of the media were determined. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 8 weeks, and then plant height, shoot dry weight, and average plant width were determined. Media containing 20% or less paper sludge had an average pH of 4.4, whereas those containing more sludge had an average pH of 7.0. Cation exchange capacity of the media decreased significantly as the volume of sludge increased. Media containing 60% or more paper sludge were better aerated, but held less water than those made with 40% or less de-inked sludge. Geraniums grown in 20% or less paper sludge were at least 18% taller than those grown in medium containing 40% or more de-inked sludge, but average dry weights and plant widths of these plants were unaffected by the media. Zinnia plants grown in 20% or less paper sludge produced four times more shoot dry weight and were at least 34% taller and 20% wider than those grown in 40% or more sludge. Overall, zinnias grown in 40% or more sludge were unacceptable for commercial sale. A volume of 20% de-inked paper sludge could safely be included in potting media used for production of `Sweet Dreams' geranium and `Crystal White' zinnia.

scholarly journals COTTON GIN TRASH AS A CONSTITUENT OF BEDDING PLANT MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 273F-273
Author(s):  
Allen D. Owings
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Cotton Gin

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the influence of media containing varying volumetric proportions of composted cotton gin trash and pine bark on the growth of Coleus × hybridus 'Golden Bedder'. All media treatments were amended with 1.5 lbs/yd3 Micromax and 8 lbs/yd3 dolomite. Plant height, shoot dry weight, and visual quality ratings were determined six weeks after potting. Media composed of 100% cotton gin trash produced plants with significantly less height and shoot dry weight. Height inhibition was apparent by 3 weeks after potting. Coleus grown in media composed of 60-1002 pine bark had higher visual quality ratings than those grown in media having cotton gin trash as the primary constituent.

scholarly journals Tree Growth in Potting Media Made with De-inked Paper Sludge

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 455B-455
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Mary W. George
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media

De-inked paper sludge from a newsprint mill was evaluated as a substitute for softwood bark in container media. Whips, 1.2 m tall, of `October Glory' red maple (Acer rubrum L.), European birch (Betula pendula Roth), and `Royalty' crabapple (Malus L.) were planted in 15-L plastic pots that contained potting media amended with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 90% paper sludge and 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 0%, or 0%, respectively, bark (by volume). All media contained 10% sand. After 22 weeks, plant heights, trunk diameters, and shoot dry weights were determined. Initial pH of media increased as the amount of paper sludge in the media increased, with the 90% sludge mix having pH 7.2. Paper sludge had a low initial CEC. Physical properties of all sludge-amended media were suitable for tree growth, but media containing 80% or more paper sludge shrank in volume by 10% to 12% by the end of the study. All maple and crabapple trees grown in all sludge-amended media grew as well as those in 80% bark (control mix). In fact, maple and crabapples trees in 40% sludge produced at least 10% and 36% more total shoot biomass, respectively, than trees in 80% bark. Although birch trees grown in 40% or 60% paper sludge grew as well as control plants, those grown in 80% or more sludge were at least 11% shorter and produced 24% less total shoot biomass (leaves, stems, and trunk dry weight) than control trees. These results demonstrated that de-inked paper sludge was a worthy substitute for up to 40% of the bark in a container medium for the three species tested.

scholarly journals Evaluating Paper Sludge in Container Media Used for Mum Production

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 867B-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Commercial Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Potting Media

Paper sludge is a fibrous material that may be suitable as a replacement for peat moss in potting media. The goal of this study was to compare the growth of potted `Iridon' mums (Dendranthema × grandiflora Tzvelev.) grown in sludge-amended media against that of plants in two peat-based commercial mixes. Paper sludge from a newsprint mill was composted 6 weeks. Plants were grown in a European pot mum regime with three rooted cuttings planted in square 10-cm pots containing either a commercial mix or a sludge-amended medium [75% sludge: 15% perlite: 10% vermiculite; or 50% sludge: 33% peatmoss: 17% perlite (by volume)]. Plants were grown for 12 weeks and not disbudded before plant growth indices were determined. Mums grown in sludge-amended media appeared similar to those grown in the commercial mixes. Plants grown in either sludge-amended medium were slightly shorter (1.5 cm) and narrower (2.5 cm) than those grown in the commercial mixes. In addition, mums grown in sludge-amended media produced eight fewer flowers and 4 g less shoot dry weight (per pot) compared to plants in commercial mixes. Composted paper sludge appears to be suitable for production of `Iridon' pot mums, even though plants grown in this material grew slightly less than those in commercial media.

scholarly journals Cation exchange capacity of an oxisol amended with an effluent from domestic sewage treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriel Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni ◽  
Adolpho José Melfi ◽  
Célia Regina Montes
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Ionic Force ◽  
Barium Chloride Solution

The addition of Na-rich anthropogenic residues to tropical soils has stimulated the scientific community to study the role of sodium in both the soil solution and the exchange complex. In this study, several different methods were used to calculate the concentration of exchangeable and soluble cations and this data was then used to establish correlations between the level of these cations and both the accumulation of various elements and the dry weight of maize grown in a greenhouse under different conditions. In the closed environments of the pots, the most suitable method for calculating the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was the cation exchange capacity calculated by cations removed with barium chloride solution (CEC S). Then again, the actual cation exchange capacity (CEC A) should be measured by using Mg adsorption to prevent ionic force from influencing electric charges. A strong positive correlation was obtained between the concentrations of Na in the 1:2 soil:water extracts and the accumulation of Na in the maize plants, indicating saline or double acid extractors are not needed when monitoring the Na concentration only.

Ion behavior in plant cell walls. II. Measurement of the Donnan free space, anion-exclusion space, anion-exchange capacity, and cation-exchange capacity in delignified Sphagnum russowii cell walls

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Richter ◽  
Jack Dainty
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exclusion ◽  
Donnan Free Space

Isolated delignified cell walls from Sphagnum russowii Warnsdorf were incubated in various chloride salt solutions at neutral pH (pH 7 – 8), and ion sorption was measured directly by neutron activation analysis. The anion-exchange capacity was estimated to be 63 – 66 μequiv./g dry weight of wall material in the protonated form. The volume of the anion-exclusion space was 2.63 ± 0.21 (± SD, n = 3) and 1.65 ± 0.35 (± SD, n = 2) mL/g dry weight in NaCl and CaCl2, respectively. A novel approach to measure the Donnan free space is proposed: for walls equilibrated in a salt mixture containing 10 mequiv./L NaCl and 10 mequiv./L CaCl2, the Na+ ions can be considered "uncondensed" in the Manning sense. From the Donnan relationship for Na+ and Cl− ions in the internal and external phases, the Donnan free space was calculated to be 1.77 mL/g dry weight. Titrating walls from pH 2.1 to 9.1 in the presence of 10 mequiv./L NaCl and 10 mequiv./L CaCl2 revealed a maximum cation-exchange capacity above pH 6 of ca. 1900 μequiv./g dry weight. This corresponds to a fixed anionic charge concentration in the Donnan free space of 1.1 M. Key words: ion exchange, cell wall, Donnan free space.

scholarly journals Moisture Stress: An Alternative Method of Height Control to B-nine (daminozide)

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
David R. Brown ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Medium Type ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstract Moisture stress was compared to B-nine (daminozide) as a method of height control for annual bedding plant transplants. Three plant species, ‘Big Boy’ tomato, ‘California Wonder’ pepper and ‘Janie Gold’ marigold, were grown in 132 cm3 (8.05 in3) cell packs containing one of 2 commercial media, Fafard #3 or Pro-Mix BX. Treatments included moisture stress (MS), 2 concentrations of B-nine (2500 ppm applied twice and 5000 ppm once), and an untreated control. Method of height control and medium type had an interactive influence on height for each of the 3 species. Moisture stress tomato and marigold were shorter in the Fafard #3 medium compared to those in the Pro-Mix BX medium. Regardless of medium, MS tomato and marigold transplants were shorter or similar in size to the most effective B-nine treatment, 2500 ppm applied twice. Moisture stress and the B-nine treatments for pepper plants grown in the Fafard #3 medium reduced plant height similarly compared to the controls. However, when pepper plants were grown in the Pro-Mix BX medium, only B-nine treatments reduced plant height compared to the controls. Treatments producing short plants did not reduce node number, hence plants appeared fuller than treatments with tall plants. Shoot dry weights for MS tomato and marigold were less than those of plants receiving the other height control treatments, regardless of medium type. Plants of all 3 species grown in the Fafard #3 medium had less shoot dry weight than Pro-Mix BX plants across the 4 height control treatments.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Source and Concentration Affect Growth and Performance of Bedding-plant Impatiens

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 776D-776
Author(s):  
Fredy R. Romero* ◽  
Richard J. Gladon ◽  
Henry G. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
And Performance

Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.) is the most important annual bedding plant in the US, based on wholesale dollar volume. Production of high-quality plants requires optimization of the nutrition regimen during growth, especially the total nitrogen (N) concentration and the ratio of N sources. Our objective was to determine the N concentration and ratio of N sources that optimize bedding-plant impatiens growth and development. We used four N concentrations (3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 mmol·L-1 of N) in factorial combination with four ratios of nitrate-N (NO3--N) to ammonium-N (NH4+-N) (4:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). Application of treatments began at day 30, and every-other-day applications were conducted until day 60. From day 60 to day 70 only deionized water was applied. N concentration and source displayed interation for most growth parameters. When N was supplied at a concentration ≤7 mmol·L-1, the NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio did not affect growth. When N was supplied at a concentration ≥10.5 mmol·L-1, a 1:3 NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio yielded the greatest shoot dry weight, shoot fresh weight, plant diameter, and number of flower buds per plant. With a NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio of 4:0, these growth parameters decreased. To produce high-quality, bedding-plant impatiens, N should be applied at NO3--N to NH4+-N ratios between 1:1 and 1:3 in combination with an N concentration of 10.5 mmol·L<-1 at each fertigation from day 30 to day 60 of the production cycle.

scholarly journals Growth response of black velvet tamarind (Dialium guineense Willd) seedling to different potting media

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. U. Osaigbovo ◽  
C. N. C. Nwaoguala
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Potting Media

The response in growth and development of seedlings of Dialium guineense to different potting media was studied in the screen house. Five potting media: River sand (Rs), Top soil (Ts), Poultry manure (Pm), Rice husk (Rh) and Oil palm refuse bunch (OPRB) were used. They were evaluated as sole treatments and in combination with river sand (Rs) in different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:5 and 5:2) respectively. Altogether, twenty one (21) potting media types were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. Data were collected on monthly basis for plant growth parameters, while shoot and root dry weight were measured at the end of the experiment. On the average the seedlings of D. guineense responded best on the Rs + Ts 1:2 growth medium in number of leaves (16.67), stem girth (0.31 cm), number of nodes (11.67), shoot dry weight (1.24 g) and root dry weight (0.50 g). Rs + Ts 1:2 was followed by Rs + Pm 1:1 and Ts sole respectively with respect to the growth parameters evaluated and were not significantly (p 0.05) from one another, but were significantly (p < 0.05) different from other media and their combinations with river sand.

scholarly journals Automated Irrigation Control for Improved Growth and Quality of Gardenia jasminoides ‘Radicans’ and ‘August Beauty’

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bayer ◽  
John Ruter ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Sustainable use of water resources is of increasing importance in container plant production as a result of decreasing water availability and an increasing number of laws and regulations regarding nursery runoff. Soil moisture sensor-controlled, automated irrigation can be used to irrigate when substrate volumetric water content (θ) drops below a threshold, improving irrigation efficiency by applying water only as needed. We compared growth of two Gardenia jasminoides cultivars, slow-growing and challenging ‘Radicans’ and easier, fast-growing ‘August Beauty’, at various θ thresholds. Our objective was to determine how irrigation can be applied more efficiently without negatively affecting plant quality, allowing for cultivar-specific guidelines. Soil moisture sensor-controlled, automated irrigation was used to maintain θ thresholds of 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, or 0.50 m3·m−3. Growth of both cultivars was related to θ threshold, and patterns of growth were similar in both Watkinsville and Tifton, GA. High mortality was observed at the 0.20-m3·m−3 threshold with poor root establishment resulting from the low irrigation volume. Height, width, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and leaf size were greater for the 0.40 and 0.50 m3·m−3 than the 0.20 and 0.30-m3·m−3 θ thresholds. Irrigation volume increased with increasing θ thresholds for both cultivars. For ‘August Beauty’, cumulative irrigation volume ranged from 0.96 to 63.21 L/plant in Tifton and 1.89 to 87.9 L/plant in Watkinsville. For ‘Radicans’, cumulative irrigation volume ranged from 1.32 to 126 L/plant in Tifton and from 1.38 to 261 L/plant in Watkinsville. There was a large irrigation volume difference between the 0.40 and 0.50-m3·m−3 θ thresholds with little additional growth, suggesting that the additional irrigation applied led to overirrigation and leaching. Bud and flower number of ‘Radicans’ were greatest for the 0.40-m3·m−3 θ threshold, indicating that overirrigation can reduce flowering. The results of this study show that growth of the different G. jasminoides cultivars responded similarly to θ threshold at both locations. Similarities in growth and differences in irrigation volume at the 0.40 and 0.50-m3·m−3 θ thresholds show that more efficient irrigation can be used without negatively impacting growth.

scholarly journals Organic Greenhouse Container Herb Production in South Florida: Fertilizer and Potting Media

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Treadwell ◽  
Kati Migliaccio ◽  
Teresa Olczyk ◽  
Yun Qian ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Field Production

Field production of organic crops, including herbs, in south Florida is a challenging task due to the subtropical climate and high number of pest and disease pressures. Thus, greenhouse production of organic herbs may provide an alernate to field production. However, there is little published information on selecting media and fertilizers for organic herb production in greenhouses in this climate. Greenhouse trials were conducted during the 2005 and 2006 growing season at the UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center (TREC) in Homestead, Florida. The objectives of the project were to 1) compare several commercially available organic fertilizers for organic greenhouse production of container herbs and 2) compare two commercially available potting media for organic greenhouse production of container herbs. The two potting media (Fafard and Agro-Soils) did not result in significant differences in measured plant mass production, plant tissue nutrients, or leachate chemistry. However, some differences in plant production for basil and dill were identified among the different fertilizer treatments (Natural Safe, Perdue, Fertrell, and Control). These differ- ences were most notable for visual quality, fresh weight, and dry weight measurements. Evaluation of these parameters for basil and dill suggested that the two best fertilizers were Perdue and Fertrell. However, the differences in cost of each fertilizer and the study results suggest that Perdue is a more economic choice for organic herb production of basil and dill.

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