Plum Production Under Cold Stress

On March 13-15, 1993 Alabama and much of the eastern United States experienced an unusually severe winter storm. This afforded the evaluation of plum cultivar production under cold stress. The highest yielding variety that bloomed before the storm was Bruce 12-4 with 28 kg/tree. Bruce 12-4 is noted for blooming over an extended period of time and producing very heavy yields. The average yield of the top five performers that bloomed after the storm was 51 kg/tree. The lowest temperature recorded at the test site, Shorter, AL was -5C.

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Temperatures and Cold Damage to Small Fruit Crops Across the Eastern United States Associated with the April 2007 Freeze

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1643 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1643-1647 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Michele Renee Warmund ◽

Patrick Guinan ◽

Gina Fernandez

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Extended Period ◽

The United States ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Crop Loss ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Fruit Crops ◽

Large Area ◽

Small Fruit ◽

Weather Forecasters

An unprecedented freeze occurred between 4 and 10 Apr. 2007, causing extensive crop loss across a large area of the United States. This event occurred late in the spring and temperatures were unusually low for an extended period. Low-temperature injury on small fruit plants was reported in 21 states. Missouri and Arkansas experienced the highest estimated percentages of crop loss of grape (Vitis spp.), strawberry (Fragraria ×ananassa Duch.), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson). Kentucky and Tennessee also reported high percentages of small fruit crop loss. Temperatures preceding the freeze event in the affected region were unusually warm and many of the crops were at a more advanced stage of growth than they would have been under more usual conditions. Although frost/freeze warnings were issued, the terminology used by different weather forecasters was inconsistent. Growers used various cold protection methods, but these were generally ineffective because of the stage of plant development and/or the advective nature of the freeze. Actual grape and blueberry crop losses may not be known for several years because of secondary injury to plant tissues from various pathogens.

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Travel times and amplitudes of principal body phases recorded from gnome

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/bssa0520051057 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 1057-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carl Romney ◽

Billy G. Brooks ◽

Robert H. Mansfield ◽

Dean S. Carder ◽

James N. Jordan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Seismic Waves ◽

Test Site ◽

The United States ◽

Body Waves ◽

Travel Times ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Nevada Test Site ◽

Short Period ◽

The Difference

abstract gnome, an undergound nuclear explosion in salt near Carlsbad, New Mexico, produced seismic waves which were recorded widely throughout the United States and at a few foreign stations. The travel times of P were strongly dependent on the path of propagation, and were as much as 12 seconds earlier in the eastern United States than at equivalent distances in the western part of the United States. At the few stations more distant than 25°, P was about 2 seconds earlier than predicted by the Jeffreys-Bullen table for surface focus. Amplitudes of Pn were similarly dependent upon the path of propagation; although the measurements showed great scatter, amplitudes to the east were generally larger than those to the west. Pn travel time and amplitude anomalies suggest a systematic relationship to crustal thickness. There is evidence from the difference in the speeds and attenuation rates that Lg and P are not transmitted along analogous paths through the crust. Short period body waves were two or three times larger than expected from an explosion of the same energy in tuff at the Nevada Test Site. Surface waves, however, were relatively weak compared with explosions of similar yield in tuff.

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