scholarly journals Production of Interspecific Hybrids of Persimmon by Protoplast Fusion

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 442A-442
Author(s):  
Mihoko Tamura ◽  
Ryutaro Tao ◽  
Akira Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Interspecific hybrids between Diospyros glandulosa (2n = 2x = 30) and D. kaki cv. Jiro (2n = 6x = 90) were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts. Protoplasts were isolated from calli derived from leaf primordia, fused electrically, and cultured by agarose-bead culture using modified KM8p medium. Relative nuclear DNA contents of calli derived from fusion-treated protoplasts were determined by flow cytometry. One-hundred-forty-nine of 166 calli obtained had the nuclear DNA content of the sum of those of D. glandulosa and D. kaki cv. Jiro. RAPD analysis showed that the 149 callus lines yielded specific bands for both D. glandulosa and D. kaki cv. Jiro and they appeared to be interspecific somatic hybrid calli. Shoots were regenerated from 63 of the 149 interspecific hybrid calli. PCR-RFLP of chloroplast DNA analysis, flow cytometric determination of nuclear DNA content, and RAPD analysis revealed that the 63 interspecific hybrid shoot lines contained nuclear genome from both the parents but only chloroplast genome from D. glandulosa. Microscopic observation of root tip cells confirmed that somatic chromosome numbers of the interspecific hybrids were 2n = 8x = 120.

A correlation of nuclear DNA content and thin-layer chromatographic patterns in resolving genome relationships in Avena

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1529-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Iiyama ◽  
William F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Relative amounts of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from telophase root tip nuclei and thin-layer chromatographic patterns of alcohol-soluble compounds from dry leaves were determined for seven diploids: Avena clauda, A. pilosa, A. ventricosa, A. strigosa, A. hirtula, A. wiestii, A. longiglumis; four tetraploids: A. barbata, A. magna, A. abyssinica, A. vaviloviana; and four hexaploids: A. sterilis, A. fatua, A. byzantina, and A. sativa, in order to elucidate species relationships. Variation in nuclear DNA content was correlated with differences in genomic constitution; a few exceptions are considered to reflect chromosomal polymorphism. The average DNA value of the hexaploid species approximated the sum of the DNA value for A. magna and the theoretical value of the B genome. Chromatographic patterns showed distinct variations between species but little correlation between number of compounds and DNA content. Chromatographic patterns of hexaploids showed close similarity with those of diploids and tetraploids, except species with modified C genomes (A. clauda, A. pilosa, A. ventricosa) and A. longiglumis. It is considered that A. clauda, A. pilosa, A. ventricosa, and A. longiglumis did not participate in the evolution of polyploid taxa. From their chromatographic profiles, A. wiestii, A. abyssinica, A. vaviloviana, and A. byzantina are very closely related. Both A. magna and the AABB tetraploid species appear to share two genomes in common with the hexaploids. Hence, the genomic constitutions AADD and AABBDD have been proposed for A. magna and the hexaploids, respectively. Six compounds from ethanol leaf extracts of A. sativa were identified as three apigenins, luteolin, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid.

scholarly journals Isolates of Verticillium dahliae Pathogenic to Crucifers Are of at Least Three Distinct Molecular Types

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Collins ◽  
C. Ada N. Okoli ◽  
Anne Morton ◽  
David Parry ◽  
Simon G. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Aflp Analysis

Diverse isolates of the soilborne wilt fungi Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum were studied to understand the nature and origins of those infecting cruciferous hosts. All isolates from cruciferous crops produced microsclerotia, and the majority produced long conidia with a high nuclear DNA content; these isolates were divided into two groups by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. One group could be subdivided by other criteria such as rRNA sequences and mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Two crucifer isolates were short spored and had a low nuclear DNA content. The results are consistent with the crucifer isolates being interspecific hybrids. The long-spored isolates are best regarded as amphihaploids (or allodiploids) with the AFLP groups probably each representing separate interspecific hybridization events. The short-spored crucifer isolates appear to be derived from interspecific hybrids and are here called ‘secondary haploids’. Molecular evidence suggests that one parent in the crosses was similar to V. dahliae. The other parent of the amphihaploids seems to have been more similar to V. albo-atrum than to V. dahliae, but was distinct from all isolates of either species so far studied. The implications for the taxonomy of crucifer isolates are discussed and the use of the name V. longisporum, proposed elsewhere for just some of these isolates, is discouraged.

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA content variation within four species of Asian catfish of family Pangasidae and their two interspecific hybrids by flow cytometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Imron ◽  
Evi Tahapari ◽  
Jadmiko Darmawan ◽  
Muhammad Luthfi Abdurachman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Dna Content Variation ◽  
Parental Lines

 Nuclear DNA content (NDC) of species or population is believed to have been formed naturally by many mechanisms such chromosomal mutation, insertion and deletion, transposable element, and duplication. Additionally, hybridizations and species’ phylogenetic relationship may also contribute to the NDC diversity. This study was aimed to investigate the profile of NDC in four species Asian catfishes of the genera Pangasius including Pangasionodon hypophthalmus,  Pangasius djambal, Pangasius nasusutus, Pangasius nieuwenhuisii, interspecific hybrid of female P. hypophthalmus and male P. djambal (Hybrid HD),  and female P. hypophthalmus and male P. nasutus (Hybrid HN). Red blood cells (RBC) were taken from the respective species/groups and NDC measurement was performed in an Attune acoustic flowcytometer (ABI) using DAPI staining and chicken, Gallus domesticus, RBC was used as size reference. The results showed that the mean NDC of P. hypophthalmus, P. djambal. P. nasusutus, P. nieuwenhuisii, were 0.960±0.0254 pg, 1.017±0.0510 pg, 1.000±0.0410 pg, 1.074±0.0231 pg, which are within the range of NDC in the other catfish families The NDC values of Hybrid HD and Hybrid HN were1.005±0.0358 and 0.956± 0.0089, respectively. Among the pure line species, the NDC of P. hypophthalmus was the lowest and was different (P<0.05) from those of P. djambal and P. nieuwenhuisii but was not different (P>0.05) from that of the P. nasutus. The NDC of both Hybrid HD and Hybrid HN were not different form their respective parental lines. However, the NDC profiles of both hybrids were different in that the NDC of the former was in between while the latter was below their respective parental lines. Phylogenetically, the NDC diversity within Pangasiid catfish in this study was independent of their phylogenetic relationship based on cytoplasmic and nuclear markers. Keywords: Flow cytometry, nuclear DNA content, P.hypophthalmus, P. djambal, P. nasutus, P. nieuwenhuisii, interspecific hybrid.

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA Content, Base Composition, and Cytogenetic Characterization of Christia obcordata

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidou F. Sakhanokho ◽  
Nurul Islam-Faridi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
A Genome

Christia obcordata is an intriguing small-sized house plant with unusual and attractive features such as its striped leaves. Because very little is known about the plant, we conducted an investigation of its genome and chromosomes. The number of chromosomes was determined using a protoplast technique to prepare root tip chromosome spread and was found to be 2n = 2x = 20. Flow cytometry was used to determine nuclear DNA content (1C = 0.65 pg = 634.4 Mb) for C. obcordata and AT/GC composition was shown to be AT% = 62.8% ± 0.0% and GC% = 37.2% ± 0.0%. Finally, fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to locate ribosomal RNA gene families in C. obcordata. Ribosomal RNA gene families, viz. 18S-28S and 5S rDNA, are unique cytomolecular landmarks that provide valuable information about the evolutionary organization of a genome. We have identified one locus each of 18S-28S and 5S rDNA. The 18S-28S rDNA is located in the subterminal position on the secondary constriction region [also known as the nucleolus organizer region (NOR)] and the 5S rDNA is located interstitially close to a centromeric position. The basic information gathered in this study on C. obcordata will be helpful in understanding the genetics of this species.

scholarly journals Estimating Nuclear DNA Content in Peach and Related Diploid Species Using Laser Flow Cytometry and DNA Hybridization

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Vance Baird ◽  
Agnes S. Estager ◽  
John K. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Polyploid Series

Using laser flow cytometry, nuclear DNA amounts were estimated for 12 Prunus species, representing three subgenera [Prunophora (Prunus), Amygdalus, and Cerasus (Lithocerasus)], two interspecific hybrids, four cultivars, and a synthetic polyploid series of peach consisting of haploids, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids (periclinal cytochimeras). Peach nuclear DNA content ranged from 0.30 pg for the haploid nuclei to 1.23 pg for the tetraploid nuclei. The diploid genome of peach is relatively small and was estimated to be 0.60±0.03 pg (or 5.8×108 nucleotide base pairs). The polyploid series represented the expected arithmetic progression, as genome size positively correlated with ploidy level (i.e., DNA content was proportional to chromosome number). The DNA content for the 12 diploid species and two interspecific diploid hybrids ranged from 0.57 to 0.79 pg. Genome size estimates were verified independently by Southern blot analysis, using restriction fragment length polymorphism clones as gene-copy equivalents. Thus, a relatively small and stable nuclear genome typifies the Prunus species investigated, consistent with their low, basic chromosome number (× = 8).

scholarly journals Electrofusion of protoplasts of anther-derived dihaploid lines of commercial potato cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli-Matti Rokka ◽  
Yong-Sheng Xu ◽  
Pirjo Tanhuanpää ◽  
Leena Pietilä ◽  
Eija Pehu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Commercial Potato

Somatic hybrids of anther-derived dihaploid (2x) potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts. Using RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers, six new combinations of dihaploid parental lines from cultivars Matilda, Nicola, Pito, Stina, Van Gogh and White Lady were identified. RAPD marker identification of the putative hybrids was mostly done using two distinct parental line specific primers. 43% of the 76 regenerated calli from the six combinations produced hybrid shoots. Most of the somatic hybrids were tetraploid (4x), but in four fusion combinations plants of hexaploid (6x), octoploid (8x) or mixoploid level were also identified by chromosome counts or flow cytometric nuclear DNA analysis. The mean nuclear DNA content (2C value) of the tetraploid and hexaploid somatic hybrids was lower than the expected DNA content (i.e. the 2C values of the original tetraploid cultivars or the sum of the 2C values of the dihaploid fusion parents). Some somatic hybrids having the expected nuclear DNA content were also found.

scholarly journals Development and Characteristics of Interspecific Hybrids between Brassica oleracea L. and B. napus L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Michał Starzycki ◽  
Elżbieta Starzycka-Korbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Head Cabbage

Interspecific hybridization between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage, Brussels sprouts, kale and B. taurica and inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) were performed aiming at the development of the new sources of genetic variability of vegetable Brassicas. Using conventional crossings and the embryo-rescue techniques the following interspecific hybrids were developed: 11 genotypes of F1 generation, 18 genotypes of F2 and F1 × F2 generations (produced after self- and cross-pollination of interspecific F1 hybrids), 10 plants of the BC1 generation (resulted from crossing head cabbage cytoplasmic male-sterile lines with interspecific hybrids of the F2 and F1 generations) and 8 plants of BC1 × (F1 × F2). No viable seeds of the BC2 generation (B. oleracea) were obtained due to the strong incompatibility and high mortality of embryos. The morphological characteristics during the vegetative and generative stages, pollen characteristics, seed development and propagation, nuclear DNA contents and genome compositions of interspecific hybrids were analyzed. All the interspecific F1 hybrids were male-fertile with a majority of undeveloped and malformed pollen grains. They showed intermediate values for morphological traits and nuclear DNA contents and had nearly triploid chromosomal numbers (27 to 29) compared with parental lines. The F2 generation had a doubled nuclear DNA content, with 52 and 56 chromosomes, indicating their allohexaploid nature. F2 hybrids were characterized by a high heterosis of morphological characteristics, viable pollen and good seed development. F1 × F2 hybrids were male-fertile with a diversified DNA content and intermediate pollen viability. BC1 plants were male-sterile with an intermediate nuclear DNA content between the F2 and head cabbage, having 28 to 38 chromosomes. Plants of the BC1 × (F1 × F2) generation were in majority male-fertile with 38–46 chromosomes, high seed set, high heterosis and intermediate values for morphological traits. The obtained interspecific hybrids are valuable as new germplasm for improving Brassica-breeding programs.

THE 4C NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF SEVERAL HORDEUM GENOTYPES

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bennett ◽  
J. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Contents ◽  
Physiological Characters

The 4C nuclear DNA content was estimated for 17 wild Hordeum species and five cultivated Hordeum vulgare varieties which were chosen to include examples varying greatly in geographical origin and in morphological and physiological characters. Nuclear DNA was measured on an integrating microdensitometer using prophase nuclei in Feulgen stained root-tip squashes. There were no significant differences in DNA content between any or the 15 diploid genotypes measured, and the seven polyploid genotypes all had nuclear DNA contents which were simple multiples of the diploid genotypes. This result, namely that the DNA content of diploid Hordeum species is invariable, differs from results obtained from diploid species in several other plant genera which differed greatly in nuclear DNA content.

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA content in the subgenus Coffea (Rubiaceae): inter- and intra-specific variation in African species

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cros ◽  
M. C. Combes ◽  
N. Chabrillange ◽  
S. Hamon ◽  
C. Duperray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
African Species ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Coffea Species ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Angiosperm Species

Flow cytometry has been used to estimate nuclear DNA content of 13 Coffea species (Rubiaceae) native to Africa. Twelve diploid (2n = 22) and one tetraploid (C. arabica, 2n = 44) species were investigated. Isolated nuclei from 77 genotypes were stained with propidium iodide (PI; not base specific). Thirty-nine genotypes were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; AT specific). Nuclear DNA content (2C values), estimated with PI, ranged from 0.95 to 1.78 pg. By aggregative clustering, three groups of accessions with increasing DNA content were identified. Three species, namely C. sessiliflora, C. racemosa, and C. pseudozanguebariae, had a low DNA content (0.90 – 1.30 pg). Three species, namely C. eugenioides, C. stenophylla, and C. sp. F, were exclusively found in the intermediate group (1.31 – 1.60 pg). The remaining species were distributed between the intermediate group and the last group (1.61 – 1.80 pg). The values determined for the Coffea species are compared, inter- and intra-specifically, to those of other angiosperm species. The observed differences are discussed according to the ecogeographic origin of the species, their phenological characteristics, and the fertility of the F1 interspecific hybrids. Key words: Africa, Coffea, flow cytometry, nuclear DNA content, genome evolution.

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