Recycled Waste Paper Mulches Influence Moisture Retention in Greenhouse Containers

Excessive moisture is a problem in evaluating recycled paper products as mulch to replace other common mulch materials and in landscape and container uses. To isolate the water associated with soil and/or media, two recycled paper products, pellets or crumble, were used as mulches in trade gallon containers in a greenhouse. Pine bark, pellets, and crumble needed to obtain standard mulch depth were enclosed in plastic mesh. These mulches were placed in containers that contained 1 kg of a 7 pine bark : 1 sand media. All containers were saturated with tap water for 24 hours. Mulches were placed on each container and allowed to drain for 1 hour. Weights of media, mulch, and media and mulch were obtained every 24 hours for a total of 312 hours. Water content of the media was not influenced by any of the mulch treatments. Water content of the paper products was increased by a factor of two. Pine bark mulch water content was zero 96 hours after an initial dry down cycle began, while the water content of pellet and crumble were 100 and 90 cm of water. Total water content of the media plus the mulch was increased by 30% to 35% when compared to pine bark mulch alone. However, the increase was associated with the water content of the waste paper mulch.

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The Use of Recycled Waste Paper as an Al Source for Blue-flowering Hydrangea

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.604b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 604b-604

Author(s):

K.M. Ryan ◽

J.H. Edwards ◽

C.H. Gilliam ◽

G.J. Keever

Keyword(s):

Waste Paper ◽

Aluminum Concentration ◽

Blue Flower ◽

Blue Color ◽

Time Control ◽

Color Development ◽

Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽

The Media ◽

Recycled Waste ◽

Recycled Waste Paper

Blue color development in Hydrangea macrophylla is usually accomplished by applying Al as an alum drench. Drenches are applied during forcing 10–14 days after transplanting at a rate of 17,500 mg·L-1. Cultivars Blue Wave and Nikko Blue were used to evaluate if the Al contained in waste paper can provide the necessary Al for blue flower development. Two waste paper forms, pelletized and crumble, were used as surface mulches and as media amendments. The amendments were incorporated into the media at transplanting and mulches were applied either at transplanting or 28 days later. Alum drenching was initiated at transplanting as a control. Leachates were collected weekly using the VTEM. Total Al, electrical conductivity, and pH were determined on all samples. All waste paper treatments resulted in pink flowers in both cultivars. Leachate pH, from plants in this test, was >6.5. Aluminum concentration was greater than the 15 mg·L-1 Al needed for blue color development in flowers, but Al concentration decreased with time. Control of pH at the waste paper surface and in the media is critical for increasing the availability of labile Al for uptake by hydrangea.

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Recycled Waste Paper as a Landscape Mulch

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-15.4.191 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 191-196

Author(s):

D. R. Smith ◽

C. H. Gilliam ◽

J. H. Edwards ◽

D. J. Eakes ◽

J. D. Williams

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Annual Species ◽

Recycled Paper ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

Similar Growth ◽

Recycled Waste ◽

Better Than ◽

Recycled Waste Paper

Abstract Two studies were conducted to evaluate recycled waste paper mulch for landscape plantings. In the first study, two recycled paper products (pellet and crumble) were applied at three depths. Application of recycled paper mulch at a depth of 25 or 50 mm (1 or 2 in) controlled prostrate spurge. However, in experiment 1, all four bedding plant species exhibited stunting of roots and shoots. In the second study, three annual species were mulched with the two recycled paper products applied at 25 mm (1 in) depth and treated with phosphorus (P) at 0, 3.75, or 7.5 mgL−1 (ppm) to bind suspected excess aluminum (Al). When no P was added, growth of ageratum was approximately half that of the non-mulched control plants. Addition of P at either rate resulted in similar growth compared to control plants. Shoot dry weight of geranium was greater than that of the control plants with 7.5 mg L−l of P. Shoot dry weight of marigold was unaffected by the addition of P. This research indicates that recycled paper mulch at a 25 mm (1 in) depth, provides weed control equal to or better than standard landscape treatments, and causes little or no growth suppression when amended with P.

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Recycled Waste Paper Mulch Reduces Available Container N

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-18.4.188 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 188-191

Author(s):

J.S. Glenn ◽

C.H. Gilliam ◽

J.H. Edwards ◽

G.J. Keever ◽

P.R. Knight

Keyword(s):

Plant Nutrition ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Recycled Paper ◽

Total N ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Recycled Waste ◽

Container Plant ◽

Recycled Waste Paper

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pelletized recycled paper mulch on container plant nutrition. In experiment 1 with Petunia floribunda Hort. ‘Midnight Madness’, 9 g (0.32 oz) of Osmocote 14N-6.2P-11.6K (14-14-14) was applied over or under 2.5 cm (1 in) of recycled paper pellet mulch, or to plants with no paper mulch (control). Leachate samples were collected after microirrigation. Both treatments with paper mulch reduced nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N) levels in container leachate, compared to the control 21 days after planting (DAP). Shoot dry weight was reduced 53% and 70% for plants fertilized under and over the mulch, respectively, compared to the non-mulched control. At the end of the experiment 40–48% of the total N applied over or under mulch was retained by the recycled paper mulch. In experiment 2 with Petunia grandiflora Hort. ‘Ultra Blue’, mulch and three methods of fertilizer application (over mulch, under mulch, and incorporated in the substrate) were compared. Leachate NO3-N levels were reduced 72% or 68% with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch, respectively, when compared to a non-mulched topdressed treatment 21 DAP. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced NO3-N leachate levels 87% compared to the non-mulched treatment. There were no significant differences in leachate NH4-N levels with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch when compared to a non-mulched control 21 DAP. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced leachate NH4-N levels 82% compared to the non-mulched control. Shoot dry weight was 84 or 49% lower with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch, respectively, when compared to the topdressed, non-mulched treatment. However, plants grown with fertilizer applied under the mulch were 213% larger than plants with fertilizer applied over the mulch. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced shoot dry weight 41% when compared to non-mulched plants. There were no differences between shoot dry weights of plants grown in non-mulched treatments with topdress fertilization or fertilizer incorporated.

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Recycled Waste Paper: A New Source of Raw Material for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2009-02/5/302 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Double Layer ◽

Electric Double Layer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Double Layer Capacitors ◽

Recycled Waste ◽

Recycled Waste Paper ◽

Electric Double Layer Capacitors

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Butyric acid production from recycled waste paper by immobilizedClostridium tyrobutyricumin a fibrous-bed bioreactor

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology ◽

10.1002/jctb.4680 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 1048-1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jin Huang ◽

Hongliang Dai ◽

Ren Yan ◽

Pu Wang

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Acid Production ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Fibrous Bed Bioreactor ◽

Butyric Acid Production ◽

Recycled Waste ◽

Recycled Waste Paper

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Use of Recycled Waste Paper as Fiber Reinforcement for Polypropylene - Examination of Mechanical Properties in Comparison to NFRP

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 742 ◽

pp. 25-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea Scholten ◽

Niklas Plogmann ◽

Dieter Meiners

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Waste Paper ◽

Paper Manufacturing ◽

Private Households ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Paper Fibers ◽

Recycled Waste ◽

Recycled Waste Paper

During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Those polluted fibers cannot be recycled in the common paper manufacturing process or for energy recovery like in waste incinerating plants due t o economic reasons. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology evaluated the use of this waste paper recyclate as a substitution for natural fibers as fillers and reinforcements in polypropylene. Special attention was given to the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally the influence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as an adhesive was investigated.

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