VALUING RECYCLED WASTE PAPER BY THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF A BOOK COVER MODEL-YRR.18

ABSTRACTNatural materials are increasingly limited, encouraging the use of materials such as waste materials that have not been widely used for building materials or manufacturing products. Waste paper has been used as a material for the book-YRR.18 book cover through management and design approaches. The waste paper materials used are better than those used to produce this book cover: cellulose = 45.80% = pentosan 25.90% and lignin = 22.60%. Therefore, this research aims to provide product design from environmentally friendly materials and analysis of the value of its products in terms of loss-profit, so that it can be a profitable business potential for book producers in Indonesia as well as encourage book producers in Indonesia to being involved in efforts to save the environment.Keywords: Waste Paper Material; Product Value; Design Book Cover Model-YRR. 18. ABSTRAKBahan-bahan alami yang semakin terbatas, mendorong penggunaan bahan-bahan seperti bahan limbah yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan untuk bahan bangunan atau pembuatan produk. Kertas bekas selama ini digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan sampul buku Model -YRR.18 melalui pendekatan manajemen dan desain. Bahan limbah kertas yang digunakan lebih baik daripada yang digunakan untuk memproduksi sampul buku ini adalah: selulosa = 45,80% = pentosan 25,90% dan lignin = 22,60%. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan desain produk dari bahan ramah lingkungan dan analisa nilai produknya dari sisi loss-profit, sehingga dapat menjadi potensi bisnis yang menguntungkan bagi produsen buku di Indonesia sekaligus terlibat dalam upaya penyelamatan lingkungan.Kata kunci: Bahan Limbah Kertas; Nilai Produk; Desain Sampul Buku Model-YRR.18.

Tests of Fiber Cement Materials Containing Recycled Cellulose Fibers

This paper presents the results of investigations into the effect of the use of recycled waste paper cellulose fibers on the properties of fiber cement boards subjected to contamination by moisture. Four series of fiber cement boards were tested. A reference fiber cement board manufactured without the use of recycled cellulose fibers constituted as one of the series. The other three series consisted of boards differing in their recycled cellulose fiber content-ranging from 10% to 50% of the total cellulose fiber content. Specimens of the fiber cement boards were subjected to contamination by moisture by storing them in water for 1–96 h. Subsequently, their basic physical and mechanical parameters, i.e., mass moisture content, absorbability, and modulus of rupture (MOR), were tested. Then, the specimens were investigated by means of acoustic emission during three-point bending. Artificial neural networks were employed to analyze the acoustic emission test results. The tests clearly showed the amount of recycled waste paper cellulose fibers and the length of storage in water to have an adverse effect on the boards, contributing to their degradation. This was reflected in the decrease of the acoustic emission (AE) events count recognized by the artificial neural networks, accompanying the rupture of fibers during the three-point bending of the specimens. In order to gain a more detailed insight into the changes taking place in the structure of the tested fiber cement boards, optical examinations were carried out by means of a scanning electron microscope. Interesting findings crucial for building practice were noted.

Use of Recycled Waste Paper as Fiber Reinforcement for Polypropylene - Examination of Mechanical Properties in Comparison to NFRP

During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Those polluted fibers cannot be recycled in the common paper manufacturing process or for energy recovery like in waste incinerating plants due t o economic reasons. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology evaluated the use of this waste paper recyclate as a substitution for natural fibers as fillers and reinforcements in polypropylene. Special attention was given to the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally the influence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as an adhesive was investigated.

Life Cycle Analysis of Tissue Paper Manufacturing From Virgin Pulp or Recycled Waste Paper

The aim of this work is to compare the environmental impacts of two production processes of tissue paper using virgin pulp (virgin fiber) or waste paper pulp (recycled fiber). This comparison is based on the materials and energy used as well as emissions and waste resulting from the production of tissue paper. Life cycle assessment (LCA), ReCiPe method, was chosen as the analysis tool. The results of the research proved that electricity has the most considerable participation in the overall environmental impacts in both production processes, followed by either virgin pulp or heat. Consequently, these two production processes are the greatest contributors to the following midpoint environmental impact categories: human toxicity, climate change, human health and ecosystems, and fossil depletion. The analysis based on endpoint impact categories proved that the production process based on waste paper is more environmentally friendly than the one based on virgin pulp in all impact categories: human health, ecosystems, resources. This is largely because of its lower material and energy requirements in the entire life cycle. Due to the fact that the tissue paper is the final use of fiber, using recycled waste paper is strongly recommended. The obtained research results are a valuable source of management information for the decision makers at both company and national levels required to improve the environmental performance of tissue paper production.