scholarly journals Recycled Waste Paper as a Landscape Mulch

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
D. R. Smith ◽  
C. H. Gilliam ◽  
J. H. Edwards ◽  
D. J. Eakes ◽  
J. D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Recycled Waste Paper

Abstract Two studies were conducted to evaluate recycled waste paper mulch for landscape plantings. In the first study, two recycled paper products (pellet and crumble) were applied at three depths. Application of recycled paper mulch at a depth of 25 or 50 mm (1 or 2 in) controlled prostrate spurge. However, in experiment 1, all four bedding plant species exhibited stunting of roots and shoots. In the second study, three annual species were mulched with the two recycled paper products applied at 25 mm (1 in) depth and treated with phosphorus (P) at 0, 3.75, or 7.5 mgL−1 (ppm) to bind suspected excess aluminum (Al). When no P was added, growth of ageratum was approximately half that of the non-mulched control plants. Addition of P at either rate resulted in similar growth compared to control plants. Shoot dry weight of geranium was greater than that of the control plants with 7.5 mg L−l of P. Shoot dry weight of marigold was unaffected by the addition of P. This research indicates that recycled paper mulch at a 25 mm (1 in) depth, provides weed control equal to or better than standard landscape treatments, and causes little or no growth suppression when amended with P.

scholarly journals Recycled Waste Paper Mulch Reduces Available Container N

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
J.S. Glenn ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
J.H. Edwards ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
P.R. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Container Plant ◽  
Recycled Waste Paper

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pelletized recycled paper mulch on container plant nutrition. In experiment 1 with Petunia floribunda Hort. ‘Midnight Madness’, 9 g (0.32 oz) of Osmocote 14N-6.2P-11.6K (14-14-14) was applied over or under 2.5 cm (1 in) of recycled paper pellet mulch, or to plants with no paper mulch (control). Leachate samples were collected after microirrigation. Both treatments with paper mulch reduced nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N) levels in container leachate, compared to the control 21 days after planting (DAP). Shoot dry weight was reduced 53% and 70% for plants fertilized under and over the mulch, respectively, compared to the non-mulched control. At the end of the experiment 40–48% of the total N applied over or under mulch was retained by the recycled paper mulch. In experiment 2 with Petunia grandiflora Hort. ‘Ultra Blue’, mulch and three methods of fertilizer application (over mulch, under mulch, and incorporated in the substrate) were compared. Leachate NO3-N levels were reduced 72% or 68% with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch, respectively, when compared to a non-mulched topdressed treatment 21 DAP. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced NO3-N leachate levels 87% compared to the non-mulched treatment. There were no significant differences in leachate NH4-N levels with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch when compared to a non-mulched control 21 DAP. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced leachate NH4-N levels 82% compared to the non-mulched control. Shoot dry weight was 84 or 49% lower with fertilizer placed over or under the mulch, respectively, when compared to the topdressed, non-mulched treatment. However, plants grown with fertilizer applied under the mulch were 213% larger than plants with fertilizer applied over the mulch. When fertilizer was incorporated into the substrate, paper mulch reduced shoot dry weight 41% when compared to non-mulched plants. There were no differences between shoot dry weights of plants grown in non-mulched treatments with topdress fertilization or fertilizer incorporated.

scholarly journals Recycled Waste Paper Mulches Influence Moisture Retention in Greenhouse Containers

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 604a-604
Author(s):  
J.H. Edwards ◽  
D.R. Smith ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
D.C. Erbach
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
The Media ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Recycled Waste Paper

Excessive moisture is a problem in evaluating recycled paper products as mulch to replace other common mulch materials and in landscape and container uses. To isolate the water associated with soil and/or media, two recycled paper products, pellets or crumble, were used as mulches in trade gallon containers in a greenhouse. Pine bark, pellets, and crumble needed to obtain standard mulch depth were enclosed in plastic mesh. These mulches were placed in containers that contained 1 kg of a 7 pine bark : 1 sand media. All containers were saturated with tap water for 24 hours. Mulches were placed on each container and allowed to drain for 1 hour. Weights of media, mulch, and media and mulch were obtained every 24 hours for a total of 312 hours. Water content of the media was not influenced by any of the mulch treatments. Water content of the paper products was increased by a factor of two. Pine bark mulch water content was zero 96 hours after an initial dry down cycle began, while the water content of pellet and crumble were 100 and 90 cm of water. Total water content of the media plus the mulch was increased by 30% to 35% when compared to pine bark mulch alone. However, the increase was associated with the water content of the waste paper mulch.

scholarly journals VALUING RECYCLED WASTE PAPER BY THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF A BOOK COVER MODEL-YRR.18

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Jenny Ria Rajagukguk
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Product Value ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Recycled Waste Paper

ABSTRACTNatural materials are increasingly limited, encouraging the use of materials such as waste materials that have not been widely used for building materials or manufacturing products. Waste paper has been used as a material for the book-YRR.18 book cover through management and design approaches. The waste paper materials used are better than those used to produce this book cover: cellulose = 45.80% = pentosan 25.90% and lignin = 22.60%. Therefore, this research aims to provide product design from environmentally friendly materials and analysis of the value of its products in terms of loss-profit, so that it can be a profitable business potential for book producers in Indonesia as well as encourage book producers in Indonesia to being involved in efforts to save the environment.Keywords: Waste Paper Material; Product Value; Design Book Cover Model-YRR. 18.                 ABSTRAKBahan-bahan alami yang semakin terbatas, mendorong penggunaan bahan-bahan seperti bahan limbah yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan untuk bahan bangunan atau pembuatan produk. Kertas bekas selama ini digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan sampul buku Model -YRR.18 melalui pendekatan manajemen dan desain. Bahan limbah kertas yang digunakan lebih baik daripada yang digunakan untuk memproduksi sampul buku ini adalah: selulosa = 45,80% = pentosan 25,90% dan lignin = 22,60%. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan desain produk dari bahan ramah lingkungan dan analisa nilai produknya dari sisi loss-profit, sehingga dapat menjadi potensi bisnis yang menguntungkan bagi produsen buku di Indonesia sekaligus terlibat dalam upaya penyelamatan lingkungan.Kata kunci: Bahan Limbah Kertas; Nilai Produk; Desain Sampul Buku Model-YRR.18.

Use of Recycled Waste Paper as Fiber Reinforcement for Polypropylene - Examination of Mechanical Properties in Comparison to NFRP

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Scholten ◽  
Niklas Plogmann ◽  
Dieter Meiners
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
Private Households ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Paper Fibers ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Recycled Waste Paper

During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Those polluted fibers cannot be recycled in the common paper manufacturing process or for energy recovery like in waste incinerating plants due t o economic reasons. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology evaluated the use of this waste paper recyclate as a substitution for natural fibers as fillers and reinforcements in polypropylene. Special attention was given to the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally the influence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as an adhesive was investigated.

scholarly journals Moisture Stress: An Alternative Method of Height Control to B-nine (daminozide)

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
David R. Brown ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Medium Type ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstract Moisture stress was compared to B-nine (daminozide) as a method of height control for annual bedding plant transplants. Three plant species, ‘Big Boy’ tomato, ‘California Wonder’ pepper and ‘Janie Gold’ marigold, were grown in 132 cm3 (8.05 in3) cell packs containing one of 2 commercial media, Fafard #3 or Pro-Mix BX. Treatments included moisture stress (MS), 2 concentrations of B-nine (2500 ppm applied twice and 5000 ppm once), and an untreated control. Method of height control and medium type had an interactive influence on height for each of the 3 species. Moisture stress tomato and marigold were shorter in the Fafard #3 medium compared to those in the Pro-Mix BX medium. Regardless of medium, MS tomato and marigold transplants were shorter or similar in size to the most effective B-nine treatment, 2500 ppm applied twice. Moisture stress and the B-nine treatments for pepper plants grown in the Fafard #3 medium reduced plant height similarly compared to the controls. However, when pepper plants were grown in the Pro-Mix BX medium, only B-nine treatments reduced plant height compared to the controls. Treatments producing short plants did not reduce node number, hence plants appeared fuller than treatments with tall plants. Shoot dry weights for MS tomato and marigold were less than those of plants receiving the other height control treatments, regardless of medium type. Plants of all 3 species grown in the Fafard #3 medium had less shoot dry weight than Pro-Mix BX plants across the 4 height control treatments.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Source and Concentration Affect Growth and Performance of Bedding-plant Impatiens

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 776D-776
Author(s):  
Fredy R. Romero* ◽  
Richard J. Gladon ◽  
Henry G. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
And Performance

Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.) is the most important annual bedding plant in the US, based on wholesale dollar volume. Production of high-quality plants requires optimization of the nutrition regimen during growth, especially the total nitrogen (N) concentration and the ratio of N sources. Our objective was to determine the N concentration and ratio of N sources that optimize bedding-plant impatiens growth and development. We used four N concentrations (3.5, 7, 10.5, and 14 mmol·L-1 of N) in factorial combination with four ratios of nitrate-N (NO3--N) to ammonium-N (NH4+-N) (4:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). Application of treatments began at day 30, and every-other-day applications were conducted until day 60. From day 60 to day 70 only deionized water was applied. N concentration and source displayed interation for most growth parameters. When N was supplied at a concentration ≤7 mmol·L-1, the NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio did not affect growth. When N was supplied at a concentration ≥10.5 mmol·L-1, a 1:3 NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio yielded the greatest shoot dry weight, shoot fresh weight, plant diameter, and number of flower buds per plant. With a NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio of 4:0, these growth parameters decreased. To produce high-quality, bedding-plant impatiens, N should be applied at NO3--N to NH4+-N ratios between 1:1 and 1:3 in combination with an N concentration of 10.5 mmol·L<-1 at each fertigation from day 30 to day 60 of the production cycle.

scholarly journals 407 Nitrogen Retention and Release by Paper Pellets in the Bottom of Nursery Containers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 463B-463
Author(s):  
J.O. Glenn ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
J.H. Edwards ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J. Olive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate N

Recycled paper pellets in the bottom of containers were evaluated for retention of N from container leachate. `Formosa' azalea were transplanted on 15 Apr. in 2.8-L containers in a pine bark/peat substrate (3:1; v/v). Treatments included paper (0 or 2.5 cm depth) in the bottom of containers and two rates of Osmocote 18–6–12 (0.68 kg or 1.36 kg N/yd3). Immediately after transplanting, plants were topdressed with 3.2 g of 12–4–6 fertilizer. Data collected included leachate samples every 2 weeks for NO3-N and NH4-N levels and destructive sampling every 4 weeks for shoot dry weight, foliar N, and total paper N. Nitrate-N and NH4-N leachate concentrations were reduced with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and with paper. For example, 28 days after planting (DAP) NO3-N leachate concentrations were reduced 36% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 46% with paper in the bottom of containers. NH4-N in the leachates was reduced 53% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 59% with paper. Azalea shoot dry weight was not affected by paper or fertilizer rate up to 112 DAP; however, as the study progressed, plants with paper in the bottom of containers grew larger than plants in no paper treatments (29% at 168 DAP, 31% at 196 DAP). Total N absorbed by paper was not affected by fertilizer rate, and peaked at 168 DAP [980 (0.68 kg N/yd3) to 1066 (1.36 kg N/yd3) mg per container, or 41% – 28% of applied N], after which it began to decline. This decline in paper N was associated with greater growth of azalea with paper.

scholarly journals Effects of Mulch on Soil Moisture and Growth of Desert Willow

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Tyler Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Chilopsis Linearis ◽  
Better Than

The objective of this research was to consider the effects of gravel, wood chip, and tire mulches and turf on soil moisture and root and shoot growth of Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) `Burgundy' (desert willow). Gravel, wood chip, and tire mulches retained greater soil moisture than bare soil (control) with little difference in soil moisture between the mulches. Mulched trees and bare soil had greater height and shoot and root dry weights than trees in turf. Turf conserved soil moisture better than bare soil but appeared to compete with desert willow for water and nutrients resulting in less growth. Trees with gravel and tire mulches had greater shoot dry weight in the second year of growth and greater root dry weight, root length, and root area in both the first and second years of growth after transplanting.

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