scholarly journals Sources of Resistance for Two Differentially Pathogenic Strains of Xanthomonas fragariae in Fragaria Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Maas ◽  
John S. Hartung ◽  
Cristina Gouin-Behe ◽  
Stan C. Hokanson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Fragariae ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Nursery Plant

Bacterial angular leafspot disease (BALD) of strawberry (Fragaria sp. and F. ×ananassa Duchesne cultivars) has become increasingly destructive to strawberry fruit and plant production in Canada and the United States, as well as in other countries. The disease, caused by Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King, was first documented in Minnesota in 1960, and has become of worldwide concern because of the economic impact of BALD in strawberry fruit and nursery-plant production and the lack of adequate disease control strategies. We tested 81 Fragaria genotypes, including representatives of F. ×ananassa, F. chiloensis (L.) Duchesne, F. virginiana Duchesne, and F. vesca L., for resistance to two pathogenic strains of X. fragariae. Two genotypes, a native F. virginiana from Minnesota and an F. virginiana × F. ×ananassa hybrid, were found to resist infection by both bacterial strains and may be potential sources of resistance to other strains of X. fragariae.

scholarly journals Global threat to agriculture from invasive species

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (27) ◽  
pp. 7575-7579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Paini ◽  
Andy W. Sheppard ◽  
David C. Cook ◽  
Paul J. De Barro ◽  
Susan P. Worner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Sources

Invasive species present significant threats to global agriculture, although how the magnitude and distribution of the threats vary between countries and regions remains unclear. Here, we present an analysis of almost 1,300 known invasive insect pests and pathogens, calculating the total potential cost of these species invading each of 124 countries of the world, as well as determining which countries present the greatest threat to the rest of the world given their trading partners and incumbent pool of invasive species. We find that countries vary in terms of potential threat from invasive species and also their role as potential sources, with apparently similar countries sometimes varying markedly depending on specifics of agricultural commodities and trade patterns. Overall, the biggest agricultural producers (China and the United States) could experience the greatest absolute cost from further species invasions. However, developing countries, in particular, Sub-Saharan African countries, appear most vulnerable in relative terms. Furthermore, China and the United States represent the greatest potential sources of invasive species for the rest of the world. The analysis reveals considerable scope for ongoing redistribution of known invasive pests and highlights the need for international cooperation to slow their spread.

scholarly journals METHODS TO IMPROVE SWEETPOTATO PLANT PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165b-1165
Author(s):  
Melvin R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Small Roots

Most commercial sweetpotato acreage in the United States is grown from plants that have been produced from bedded roots. Development of new methods or new combinations of known methods to increase plant production helps to maximize the number of usable plants produced in a minimum amount of time and also reduces propagation costs while aiding early transplanting. Plant production is influenced greatly by genotype, and many efforts have been directed at improving plant production from sparse plant producing cultivars. Modifications of wounding or cutting treatments, exposure to chemical sprout inducers, presprouting by heat treatments and combinations of these treatments have enhanced plant production from large and small roots of sparse and profuse plant producing cultivars.

scholarly journals Disentangling Increased Testing from Covid-19 Epidemic Spread

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lengerich ◽  
Willie Neiswanger ◽  
Eugene J. Lengerich ◽  
Eric P. Xing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Limited Testing ◽  
Virus Testing

AbstractTo design effective disease control strategies, it is critical to understand the incidence of diseases. In the Covid-19 epidemic in the United States (caused by outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus), testing capacity was initially very limited and has been increasing at the same time as the virus has been spreading. When estimating the incidence, it can be difficult to distinguish whether increased numbers of positive tests stem from increases in the spread of the virus or increases in testing. This has made it very difficult to identify locations in which the epidemic poses the largest public health risks. Here, we use a probabilistic model to quantify beliefs about testing strategies and understand implications regarding incidence. We apply this model to estimate the incidence in each state of the United States, and find that: (1) the Covid-19 epidemic is likely to be more widespread than reported by limited testing, (2) the Covid-19 epidemic growth in the summer months is likely smaller than it was during the spring months, and (3) the regions which are at highest risk of Covid-19 epidemic outbreaks are not always those with the largest number of positive test results.

scholarly journals Efficacy of occupancy-based smart ventilation control strategies in energy-efficient homes in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan D. Clark ◽  
Brennan D. Less ◽  
Spencer M. Dutton ◽  
Iain S. Walker ◽  
Max H. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ventilation Control

Parasite control strategies used by equine owners in the United States: A national survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Nielsen ◽  
M.A. Branan ◽  
A.M. Wiedenheft ◽  
R. Digianantonio ◽  
L.P. Garber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parasite Control

scholarly journals Sources and Genetics of Spot Blotch Resistance to a New Pathotype of Cochliobolus sativus in the USDA National Small Grains Collection

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1988-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiang Leng ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Mingxia Zhao ◽  
Shaobin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Small Grains

Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is one of the important barley diseases in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The disease has been under control for almost five decades due to the use of durable spot blotch resistance derived from the barley line ND B112. However, the emergence of isolate ND4008 with virulence on ND B112 prompted us to identify new sources of resistance to this new pathotype. In this study, we screened 2,062 barley accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture National Small Grains Collection for spot blotch resistance, and identified 40 barley accessions exhibiting a high level of resistance to isolate ND4008 at the seedling stage. In all, 24 of the barley accessions with seedling resistance also exhibited moderate to high adult plant resistance to ND4008 in greenhouse tests. Seven of the ND4008-resistant barley accessions showed seedling resistance to two other pathotypes (1 and 2) of the pathogen. Genetic study of resistant barley accessions PI 235186, PI 592275, and PI 643242 indicated that a single major dominant gene controls spot blotch resistance to ND4008 in each of these three accessions. These resistant sources are useful for developing barley cultivars with spot blotch resistance to all pathotypes of C. sativus.

scholarly journals How Santa Claus Became a Slave Driver: The Work of Print Culture in a Nineteenth-Century Musical Controversy

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS W. SHADLE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Program Music ◽  
Santa Claus ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
European Counterpart ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
New Framework

AbstractThe transnational character of the literate musical community in the United States created an environment in which language barriers, ideological biases, and other potential sources of misunderstanding caused print items to change shape quickly as they were transferred from one reader to the next. The aesthetic controversy between William Henry Fry and Richard Storrs Willis surrounding the 1853 premiere of Fry's Santa Claus: Christmas Symphony provides a rich case in point. The controversy at times seemed to draw from a parallel debate in Europe, often called “The War of the Romantics,” which concerned the future of symphonic composition and music's capacity for representation. At others, the controversy seemed to diverge from its European counterpart as central concepts were articulated in new intellectual contexts. The vagaries of print culture help explain these discrepancies. This article outlines the central arguments of the debate, situates them within their transatlantic contexts, and examines how print culture played a significant role in the controversy's unfolding as early as 1839, fifteen years before it took place. More broadly, it constructs a new framework for examining the function and meaning of nineteenth-century music periodicals by illustrating how an antislavery newspaper became an unlikely voice in a debate over program music.

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