scholarly journals Species Responses to Accelerator Grower vs. Black Plastic Containers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 563C-563b
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Fraxinus Velutina ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Plant Growth Characteristics

Five species of trees, Fraxinus velutina Torr., Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Platanus occidentalis L., Quercus virginiana Mill., and Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., were first grown in 0.45-L conventional black plastic liner containers, then transplanted to 25-L black plastic containers and grown to a marketable size. The same species were grown in similar-size, open-bottom, air-root pruning, cylindrical, aluminum (Accelerator) containers filled with the equal volumes of media. Plant growth characteristics, root-zone temperatures, and media moisture status were measured. Growth of Q. virginiana was reduced in Accelerator liner containers compared to conventional black plastic liners. Accelerator liners did eliminate circling and deflection of roots at the bottom of the liner containers. Growth of U. parvifolia, F. velutina, and Q. virginiana were similar in the larger 25-L Accelerator and black plastic containers, while growth of P. chinensis and P. occidentalis were greater in Accelerator containers than in conventional black plastic containers. Root-zone temperatures, particularly at the periphery of the rootball, were significantly reduced on warm days in Accelerator containers compared to those in black plastic containers. Media in Accelerator containers were slightly drier than that in black plastic containers.

scholarly journals Accelerator™ Containers Alter Plant Growth and the Root-zone Environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Garry V. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Fraxinus Velutina ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract Five species of trees, Fraxinus velutina Torr., Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Platanus occidentalis L., Quercus virginiana Mill., and Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., were first grown in conventional black plastic liner containers (0.45 liter, 0.41 qt) then transplanted to black plastic containers filled with 25 liters (7 gal) of substrate and grown to marketable size. The same species were grown in Accelerator liners and then transplanted to open bottom, air-root pruning, cylindrical, aluminum (Accelerator) containers filled with equal volumes of substrate. Plant growth characteristics, root-zone temperatures, and substrate moisture status were measured. As with many container technologies, responses were species dependent. Growth of Q. virginiana was reduced in Accelerator liner containers compared to conventional black plastic liners. Root coverage on the periphery of the rootballs were reduced on U. parvifolia grown in 25 liter (7 gal) containers compared to those in black plastic containers. Growth of U. parvifolia, F. velutina, and Q. virginiana were similar in the larger black plastic and Accelerator containers. Growth of P. chinensis and P. occidentalis were greater in the larger Accelerator containers than in the larger conventional black plastic containers. Root-zone temperatures, particularly at the periphery of the rootball, were significantly reduced on warm days in Accelerator containers compared to those in black plastic containers. Substrate in Accelerator containers were slightly drier than that in black plastic containers.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Arizona Ash Sequentially Produced in Copper-treated or Nontreated 0.21-, 2.5-, and 11.8-Liter Containers

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 651b-651
Author(s):  
Steven P. Obst ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Fraxinus Velutina ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Labor Requirements ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
Plastic Containers

Arizona ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.) seedlings were grown in 0.21-L plastic liner containers, half treated with 100 g Cu(OH)2/L latex carrier (formulated as Spin Out), and half nontreated. Seedlings were sequentially transplanted to larger containers, from liners to 2.5-L black plastic containers then to 11.8-L containers resulting in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial combination of container sizes and Cu-treatments (eight combinations with 30 replicates/treatment). Nursery conditions and production procedures were determined from regional nurseries using a modified Delphi technique. Growth responses (height, caliper, market grade) and costs of production were determined for each treatment combination through marketable size in 11.8-L containers. Significant interactions (P ≤ 0.05) among liner and 2.5-L container treatments occurred for end of season trunk diameter and market ratings. Those seedlings grown in both Cu-treated liners and 2.5-L containers tended to have larger calipers and market ratings than other treatment combinations. Growth increases were not realized when containers were treated at a single stage. Copper-treated containers resulted in a 17-second labor savings per container at transplant from 2.5- to 11.8-L containers. Labor requirements were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different among treatments at transplant from 0.21- to 2.5-L containers.

scholarly journals Origin of Multiple Trunks Affects Crapemyrtle Posttransplant Establishment

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
Plastic Containers

Bare-root 17.5-inch-tall (44.45-cm) `Sarah's Favorite' crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.) liners were grown in #3 [2.75-gal (10.4-L)] black plastic containers and trained to one, three, or five trunks by one of two methods. Half of the plants were established from multiple liners with each trained to form one of the trunks. The others were established by planting a single liner in each container, pruning them back to within 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the substrate surface, and then training elongating buds or adventitious shoots to the desired number of trunks. Once plants reached a marketable size they were transplanted to a landscape for two growing seasons to determine the effects of the treatments on trunk survival or growth uniformity in the landscape. The study was replicated in time with containerized `Basham's Party Pink' crapemyrtle liners, but only grown in the field for 1 year. Growth and quality differences were minimal at the end of nursery production for either clone, thus favoring recommendation of whichever treatment would be most economical to produce the desired growth form. However, in the landscape phase, survival of `Sarah's Favorite' crapemyrtle and growth and uniformity of `Basham's Party Pink' crapemyrtle were greater for several growth measures when multiple trunks were produced by training stems of the same plant as opposed to planting multiple liners. Trunk survival was generally good for three or fewer trunks, but significant losses often occurred when the planting units had five trunks, especially when grown from multiple liners. Growth and survival differences among treatments were more pronounced with increasing trunk number and the longer the planting units were in the field (landscape).

scholarly journals Implications of Genotypic Selection and Production Practices on Root Regeneration Potential and Field Establishment of Container-grown Trees

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 546C-546
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Larry J. Shoemake ◽  
Mitchell W. Goyne
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Fraxinus Velutina ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Chilopsis Linearis

Transplant studies were conducted on Taxodium distichum L., Platanus occidentalis L., Quercus shumardii Buckl., Fraxinus velutina Torr., and Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet seedlings grown in 2.2- to 9.1-L black plastic containers. Effects of half-sib family selection on post-transplant root regeneration potential (RRP) and field establishment were investigated with P. occidentalis. Taxodium distichum, Q. shumardii, and P. occidentalis were used to determine seasonal variation in relationships among RRP characteristics and measures of successful transplant establishment. Post-transplant effects of avoidance of circling root development vs. remediation practices were investigated with Q. shumardii. Effects of container media composition on field establishment and RRP of container-grown plants were studied using F. velutina and C. linearis. Impacts of rotation time on RRP and field establishment were investigated with T. distichum. Rates of RRP were the measure most consistently linked to improved post-transplant shoot growth of P. occidentalis. Utilization of locally adapted genotypes and avoidance of summer transplant were important in establishment of P. occidentalis and T. distichum. Increased small diameter root regeneration was linked to reduced water stress during transplanting of Q. shumardii. Physical characteristics of the container media impacted initial post-transplant growth of F. velutina and C. linearis.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge composted in the coloring and development of Bermuda grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447
Author(s):  
Brian Turati Rezende ◽  
Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica Cristina Meira Bezerra ◽  
Maximiliano Kawahata Pagliarini ◽  
Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Leaf Accumulation ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract ‘Barazur’ or DiscoveryTM (Cynodon dactylon) is a new variety of Bermuda grass that has slow vertical growth and a bluish-green colour, and the use of sewage sludge in implantation of this species may be an alternative for its sustainable cultivation, without need for chemical fertilizers. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of sewage sludge compound on colour and development of Bermuda grass DiscoveryTM. The experiment was conducted in the field with sod implanted in black plastic containers (volume 8.46 L) filled with soil + sand (1:1) and added different dosages of sludge compost, being: 0 g L -1 (control), 30 g L-1, 60 g L-1 and 120 g L-1. Digital image analysis, fresh and dry leaf mass, Nitrogen leaf and Nitrogen leaf accumulation were evaluated. It was observed that the sewage sludge influenced on turfgrass colouring and development, where 30 g L-1 showed excellent results for colouring with less mass production and N accumulation than the highest dose, showing that this treatment is sufficient for lawn development, without the need of using higher concentrations of compound. It is concluded that the use of composted sewage sludge at a dose of 30 g L-1 is recommended for use in implantation of Bermuda grass DiscoveryTM.

scholarly journals Root Pruning but not Irrigation in the Nursery Affects Live Oak Root Balls and Digging Survival

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Ann Stodola ◽  
Michael D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Survival Trees ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Irrigation placement and irrigation volume during field production of live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) in a sandy soil had no effect on trunk caliper [mean = 6.3 cm (2.5 in)] or tree height [mean = 3.8 m (12.4 ft)]. Root pruning had no impact on caliper and a slight (P < 0.06) impact on height. Irrigation placement and volume had little effect on number of cut roots at the edge of the root ball. Root pruning with a hand spade or in combination with root-pruning fabric placed under the liner at planting increased the number of roots at the edge of the root ball. Root pruning with fabric in combination with spade pruning increased the small-diameter (<5 mm) root weight: shoot ratio but reduced the total root weight: shoot ratio. Irrigation placement and volume during production did not affect summer nor winter digging survival. Trees that were not root pruned had poorer survival in the summer and winter digging seasons than those receiving either of the root-pruned treatments. In contrast, summer and winter survival was similar for root-pruned trees indicating that live oak can be dug in summer as well as the more traditional winter period as long as trees are root pruned during production. Trees pruned with fabric placed under the liner at planting in combination with spade pruning survived better than traditional spade root pruned trees.

scholarly journals Production Techniques for Highrise™ and Seedling Live Oak

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Ann Stodola ◽  
Michael D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Production Techniques

Abstract Cutting propagated Quercus virginiana ‘QVTIA’ Highrise™ PP #11219 and seedling live oak required the same amount of time to prune to a dominant leader in the nursery. Highrise™ live oaks were more uniform in caliper, height and root ball characteristics than the seedling crop. Finished seedling trees had larger caliper than cutting propagated Highrise™ but height was similar. Root pruning horizontal roots alone or in combination with placing root pruning fabric under the liner at planting reduced dry weight of roots in the root ball by reducing large-diameter root weight and increasing small-diameter root weight. Trees produced by both methods of root pruning survived the digging process better than non root-pruned trees in the summer digging season. Seedlings had more root weight in the root ball and a higher root: shoot ratio than Highrise™ live oak. But Highrise™ had a 45% greater small diameter root: shoot ratio than seedling live oak, and more Highrise™ survived the digging process than seedlings. Highrise™ may not need root pruning during production if dug in the dormant season.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, and Water Use Responses of Peach to Repeated Root Pruning in a Sub-humid Climate

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
S.S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Root Pruning

The objectives of this 7-year study were to determine the effect of repeated root pruning and irrigation on peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) tree growth and soil water use. Root pruning began in the year of planting. Peach trees trained to a freestanding “Y” were root-pruned at flowering for 4 years (1985 to 1988) and subsequently at flowering and monthly through July for 3 years (1989 to 1991). Irrigation was withheld or applied the full season or only during stage 3 of fruit growth on root-pruned and non-root-pruned trees. Root pruning limited soil water availability throughout most of the growing season when irrigation was withheld; however, when irrigation was applied, there was no difference in soil water availability. The root length density of peach roots was greatest in the 0 to 30-cm depth, was promoted by irrigation, and was reduced by root pruning in the 0 to 90-cm root zone. Full-season irrigation increased vegetative growth over the nonirrigated treatments. Root pruning had no effect on vegetative growth measured as fresh pruned material. The treatments had no effect on leaf nutrient content, except that root pruning reduced Zn in five consecutive years. Fruit yield was reduced 1 in 5 years by root pruning, and full-season irrigation reduced yield in 3 of 5 years. Repeated root pruning restricted the lateral spread of the root zone and the use of soil resources, yet on the deep soil of this site, restricting the lateral extent of the root zone did not reduce vegetative tree growth.

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