scholarly journals Preculture Conditions Influence Cold Hardiness and Regrowth of Pyrus cordata Shoot Tips After Cryopreservation

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjian Chang ◽  
Barbara M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Sucrose Medium

Cold hardiness and cryogenic survival of micropropagated pear (Pyrus cordata Desv.) shoots were evaluated after pretreatments with ABA and sucrose. Shoot cold hardiness increased by 3 °C, and cryopreserved shoot tip growth increased by 17% after a 4-week 150 μm ABA pretreatment. Low temperature (LT) pretreatments improved the recovery of cryopreserved P. cordata shoot tips. Six to 10 weeks of LT were required for reaching high cryopreservation recovery. ABA and LT treatments produced significant synergistic effects on both cold hardiness and cryopreservation recovery. ABA shortened the LT requirement for high cryopreservation growth from 10 to 2 weeks. The optimal treatment for recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips was a 3 week culture on 50 μm ABA followed by 2 weeks of LT, while the maximum cold hardiness (-22.5 °C) was obtained with 150 μm ABA and 2-week LT. A 4 week culture on 150 μm ABA at 25 °C induced dormancy in 74% of shoot tips, but had little effect on cryopreservation growth unless combined with LT. Control and ABA-treated shoot tips, lateral buds, and leaves had similar cold hardiness (-10 to -12 °C), but LT and LT+ABA-treated shoot tips survived the lowest temperatures (-17 to -23 °C), lateral buds next (-15 to -20 °C), and finally leaves (-14 to -18 °C). An increase in the preculture-medium sucrose concentration from 2% to 7% combined with 2-week LT significantly increased cryopreserved shoot tip growth (0% to 75%) and decreased the LT50 from -7.8 to -12.4 °C. The optimal shoot pretreatment for successful recovery of cryopreserved P. cordata shoot tips was a 3 week culture on either 50 μm ABA or 5% to 7% sucrose medium followed by 2 weeks of LT, and increased shoot tip growth from zero to >70%. Chemical name used: abscisic acid (ABA).

scholarly journals `Evergreen' Peach, Its Inheritance and Dormant Behavior

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rodriguez-A. ◽  
W.B. Sherman ◽  
R. Scorza ◽  
M. Wisniewski ◽  
W.R. Okie
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Deep Supercooling ◽  
Tropical Areas

The evergreen (EVG) peach, first described in Mexico, was used as a parent with deciduous (DE) peaches to develop F1 and F2 hybrid populations in Mexico, Florida, Georgia, and West Virginia. F1 trees were DE and F2 plants segregated 3 DE: 1 EVG. In West Virginia, the most temperate location, the heterozygous class could be distinguished in the first few years of growth by late leaf abscission in the fall. Segregation ratios suggest that the EVG trait is controlled by a single gene, evg, the EVG state being homozygous recessive. Evergreen trees were characterized by insensitivity of shoot tips to daylength and failure of terminal growth to cease growth until killed by low temperature. Lateral buds of EVG trees went dormant in the fall. Deep supercooling occurred in both EVG and DE trees, but it appeared later in EVG trees, was of shorter duration, and occurred to a lesser extent. Evergreen germplasm may be useful in developing peach cultivars for frost-free subtropic and tropical areas. It also presents a useful system for studying dormancy and cold hardiness.

scholarly journals Influence of Abscisic Acid and Sucrose on Somatic Embryogenesis in CactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamostruosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lema-Rumińska ◽  
K. Goncerzewicz ◽  
M. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

Having produced the embryos of cactusCopiapoa tenuissimaRitt. formamonstruosaat the globular stage and callus, we investigated the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) in the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM on successive stages of direct (DSE) and indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE). In the indirect somatic embryogenesis process we also investigated a combined effect of ABA (0, 0.1, 1 μM) and sucrose (1, 3, 5%). The results showed that a low concentration of ABA (0-1 μM) stimulates the elongation of embryos at the globular stage and the number of correct embryos in direct somatic embryogenesis, while a high ABA concentration (10–100 μM) results in growth inhibition and turgor pressure loss of somatic embryos. The indirect somatic embryogenesis study in this cactus suggests that lower ABA concentrations enhance the increase in calli fresh weight, while a high concentration of 10 μM ABA or more changes calli color and decreases its proliferation rate. However, in the case of indirect somatic embryogenesis, ABA had no effect on the number of somatic embryos and their maturation. Nevertheless, we found a positive effect of sucrose concentration for both the number of somatic embryos and the increase in calli fresh weight.

scholarly journals In vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation of Nandina domestica, an Outdoor Ornamental Shrub

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin OZUDOGRU ◽  
Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa Da SILVA ◽  
Ergun KAYA ◽  
Giuliano DRADI ◽  
Renato PAIVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
In Vitro Conservation ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Droplet Vitrification

The study focused on an economically-important ornamental outdoor shrub, Nandina domestica, with the aims to (i) optimize an effective in vitro conservation method, and (ii) develop a cryopreservation protocol for shoot tips by the PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification techniques. For in vitro conservation of shoot cultures, the tested parameters were sucrose content in the storage medium (30, 45, 60 g/L) and storage temperature (4 °C or 8 °C). Cryopreservation was performed by applying the PVS2 vitrification solution, in 2-ml cryovials or in drops over aluminum foil strips, for 15, 30, 60 or 90 min at 0 °C, followed by the direct immersion in liquid nitrogen of shoot tips. Results show that N. domestica shoots can be conserved successfully for 6 months at both the temperatures tested, especially when 60 g/L sucrose is used in the storage medium. However, conservation at 4 °C showed to be more appropriate, as hyperhydricity was observed in post-conservation of shoots coming from storage at 8 °C. As for cryopreservation, a daily gradual increase of sucrose concentration (from 0.25 to 1.0 M) produced better protection to the samples that were stored in liquid nitrogen. Indeed, with this sucrose treatment method, a 30-min PVS2 incubation time was enough to produce, 60 days after thawing, the best recovery (47% and 50%) of shoot tips, cryopreserved with PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification, respectively.

scholarly journals CLONAL PROPAGATION OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) VIA DIRECT AND INDIRECT IN VITRO REGENERATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureen Michelle Houllou ◽  
Robson Antônio de Souza ◽  
Elizabete Cristina Pacheco dos Santos ◽  
José Jackson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marta Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted with shoot tip explants of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to identify a viable regenerative process. Shoot tips were obtained from neem embryos cultured alternatingly in DKW medium supplemented with BAP and medium without hormones. Initial shoot development was influenced by cotyledon presence. Basal callus, excised from in vitro stem base, also presented organogenic potential. In some cases, plant lines, obtained from each seed, presented different characteristics. The most common characteristic observed in vitro was callus formation at the stem base. However, the rarest characteristics were stem callus formation and leaf senescence. The regenerated shoot tips were further subculture and rooted on a medium supplemented with IBA so that complete plants could be obtained. The rooted plants were transplanted to a greenhouse and successfully acclimatized. No significant differences in in vivo development were observed between neem plants from callus and from shoot tip propagation.

Vitrification-based shoot tip cryopreservation of Carica papaya and a wild relative Vasconcellea pubescens

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Ashmore ◽  
Roderick A. Drew ◽  
Mahmoud Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Vasconcellea Pubescens

This paper reports on the effects of pre- and post-liquid nitrogen modifications to a previously published protocol for vitrification-based cryopreservation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) shoot tips. The aim was to improve the protocol for application across a wider range of papaya genotypes. Results showed that recovery from cryopreservation is genotype dependent, but the post-subculture age of the shoot tips was not significant in the two genotypes tested. Pre-culture for 2 days gave greater recovery than that for 0, 1 or 4 days. The duration and temperature of exposure to plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) had the most significant impact, with optimal recovery of 60 and 64% with 10 min at room temperature or 20 min at 0°C, respectively. Exposure to PVS2 for greater than 30 min reduced recovery to below 20%. Post-cryopreservation recovery was highest in media containing 1.0 µm 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or a combination of BAP and gibberellic acid (GA3) (1.0 and 0.5 µm, respectively). Incubation in the dark for the first 24–48 h had no significant effect on recovery. A refined protocol was developed based on these results and application of this protocol proved to be effective across seven papaya genotypes and one related species, Vasconcellea pubescens V.M.Badillo. Genotypes previously showing no survival on an unrefined protocol recovered using this revised protocol.

scholarly journals In Vitro Micropropagation of Orchid (Vanda tessellata L.) from Shoot Tip Explant

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MF Hasan ◽  
R Das ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Culture Techniques

Context: Orchid produces a huge number of minute seeds but the seeds can not germinate easily in nature due to the lack of endosperm in the seeds is an incompatibility barrier that limits its propagation in nature. Objectives: To develop in vitro culture techniques for quick propagation of Vanda tessellate, a commercially important orchid species. Materials and Methods: Shoot tips were used as experimental materials. The explants were surface sterilized and the shoot tips were excised. The isolated shoot tips were cultured in MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of auxin and cytokinin. Results: The combination of 1.5 mgl-1 NAA and 1.0 mgl-1 BAP was proved to be the best medium formulation for multiple shoot formation as well as maximum shoot elongation. The single shoots were isolated from the multiple shoots and subcultured in MS medium having NAA and IBA individually and in combinations for root induction. Maximum root induction was obtained in MS agarified medium having 0.5 mgl-1NAA and 1.0 mgl-1IBA. The well rooted plantlets were hardened successfully in the potting mixture containing coconut husk, perlite, charcoal, brick pieces in the ratio of 2:1:1:1 and eventually established under natural condition.Conclusion: An efficient regeneration protocol for micropropagation in V. tessellata through shoot tip culture has been established.Key words: Shoot tip; micropropagation; orchid.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7122J. bio-sci. 17: 139-144, 2009

scholarly journals An Efficient Method for In Vitro Shoot-Tip Culture and Sporophyte Production Using Selaginella martensii Spring Sporophyte

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungtae Park ◽  
Bo Kook Jang ◽  
Ha Min Lee ◽  
Ju Sung Cho ◽  
Cheol Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Shoot Tip Culture ◽  
Propagation Methods

Selaginella martensii, an evergreen perennial fern that is native to South America and New Zealand, is named “frosty fern” because of its beautiful white-colored leaves and it is used as an ornamental plant. Efficient propagation methods for this species have not been developed. We aimed to develop an efficient propagation method for S. martensii through in vitro culture. We investigated culture conditions that are suitable for shoot-tip proliferation and growth. The optimum shoot-tip culture conditions were determined while using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (quarter, half, full, or double strength) and macronutrients (sucrose and two nitrogen sources) at various concentrations. In MS medium, the shoot tips formed a maximum of 6.77 nodes per explant, and each node formed two new shoot tips (i.e., 26 or 64 shoot tips). When using branching segments containing an angle meristem, the shoot-to-rhizophore formation ratio could be controlled by medium supplementation with plant-growth regulators. Sporophytes that were grown from shoot tips in vitro were acclimated in ex vitro soil conditions and successfully survived in the greenhouse. Numerous shoot tips could be obtained from in vitro-grown sporophytes and be proliferated ex vitro to produce a large number of plants. This method provides a way of shortening the time that is required for producing a large stock of S. martensii planting material.

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