scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in Magnolia dealbata Zucc. (Magnoliaceae), an Endangered, Endemic Mexican Species

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Mata-Rosas ◽  
Ángel Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Victor M. Chávez-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Magnolia Dealbata

Plants of Magnolia dealbata were regenerated from zygotic embryos through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis. Medium and incubation conditions were determinating factors for the development of morphogenetic responses. Photoperiodic exposure was a limiting factor in the general development of the explants, and incubation in darkness allowed their development. The highest formation of shoots per responding explant were obtained on woody plant (WP) medium supplemented with 13.3 μM or 22.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in combination with 2.26 μM or in absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from which 2.5 shoots per explant were induced. Subcultures on WP medium, supplemented with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PUP) 40,000 1 g·L–1) avoided necrosis of explants. Somatic embryos were formed in 85% of explants cultivated on WP medium with 2,4-D (2.3 μM or 4.5 μM); 20% induced indirect embryogenesis and 65% formed direct somatic embryogenesis. The plants were transferred to soil to acclimatize under greenhouse conditions, achieving 90% survival. Somatic embryo conversion to plantlets was obtained with subculture on WP basal medium without growth regulators. In vitro culture can play a key role in the propagation and conservation of this endangered species.

Regeneration of Robiniapseudoacacia via somatic embryogenesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Merkle ◽  
A. T. Wiecko
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Secondary Embryogenesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Free Media

Tissue cultures were initiated from developing seeds of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) collected from three trees at weekly intervals from 1 week following anthesis until early fruit maturity. Explants were cultured on media containing 0, 2, or 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0 or 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine. Seeds explanted onto hormone-supplemented media remained on these media for 1 or 3 weeks before being placed on hormone-free media, or were maintained on hormone-supplemented media for the entire study. Direct somatic embryogenesis was observed in a single culture, initiated from a seed collected 4 weeks after anthesis and cultured for 1 week on a medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine before transfer to basal medium. Although it could not be discerned from which part of the explant somatic embryos were derived, secondary embryogenesis continued from the radicles of cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Most somatic embryos were well formed, with two distinct cotyledons. Embryos germinated precociously, producing plantlets that were initially weak but later gained vigor and resembled seedlings.

Influence of auxins on somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation in Leucojum aestivum callus

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Ptak ◽  
Anna Tahchy ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Tomasz Wójtowicz ◽  
Dominique Laurain-Mattar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Leucojum Aestivum ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Response

AbstractIn vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum are considered as an alternative for the production of galanthamine, which is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We studied the effects of auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) at concentrations of 25 and 50 µM on the induction of embryogenic callus and its capacity to induce somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation. The embryogenic response of the explants was from 30% for 25 µM of dicamba to 100% for picloram (for both 25 and 50 µM). 2,4-D (50 µM) stimulated greater callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction as compared to the other auxins. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stimulated somatic embryo maturation. Callus grown on media containing 50 µM of auxins produced fewer phenolic compounds as compared with callus grown on media containing 25 µM of auxins. GC-MS analyses showed seven alkaloids in the in vivo bulbs and two to four in callus culture. Galanthamine was detected in callus cultivated with 2,4-D (25, 50 µM), picloram (25 µM), and dicamba (50 µM). Other alkaloids, trisphaeridine, tazettine, and 11-hydroxyvittatine were accumulated only in callus growing on medium with picloram (50 µM).

Embryo induction and plant regeneration of Callerya speciosa (Fabaceae) through anther culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilan Huang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kelie Li ◽  
Yunlu Fu ◽  
Zhiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Anther Cultures

An in vitro protocol for Callerya speciosa (Champ.) Schot regeneration through embryogenesis was developed using the anthers as the explants. The late uninucleate stage of the microspore was optimal for the anther culture of C. speciosa. Embryonic callus was induced on a MS basal medium supplemented with 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 9.04 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Embryos were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.2 µM BA and 0.5 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest percentage (16.7%) of embryos was achieved using the culture medium MS + 0.25 µM NAA + 1.1 µM BA. The highest percentage of embryos that developed into plants was 18.3%. However, haploid plants were not observed, which may have been due to the collection of the calli from the anther wall. The results presented here demonstrate the establishment of a highly efficient and rapid system for regenerating C. speciosa using anther cultures.

Somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of Podophyllum hexandrum

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Arumugam ◽  
Sant S. Bhojwani
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Podophyllum Hexandrum ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Globular Embryos ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sucrose Level

In vitro multiplication of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (Podophyllaceae) via somatic embryogenesis is reported. The callus derived from zygotic embryos on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2 μM BA and 0.5μM IAA differentiated globular embryos. On this medium the globular embryos continued to multiply but failed to mature. Further development of the embryos occurred if the sucrose level in the basal medium was raised to 6% or the medium was supplemented with 1–10 μM NAA. Light and temperatures higher than 25 °C suppressed embryogenesis. Embryogenic potential of the callus has been maintained for over 20 months through subcultures. The somatic embryos developed into plantlets on the basal medium. Key words: endangered species, podophyllotoxin, Podophyllum, somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Massive Shoot Regeneration from Immature Embryo Explants of Tef

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Likyelesh Gugsa ◽  
Jochen Kumlehn
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Tef (Eragrostis tef) provides a major source of human nutrition in the Horn of Africa, but biotechnology has had little impact on its improvement to date. Here, we report the elaboration of an in vitro regeneration protocol, based on the use of immature zygotic embryos as explant. Explant size was an important determinant of in vitro regeneration efficiency, as was the formulation of the culture medium. Optimal results were obtained by culturing 0.2–0.35 mm embryo explants on a medium containing KBP minerals, 9.2–13.8 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6 mM glutamine, and 0.5% Phytagel. Although this protocol was effective for both the improved cultivar “DZ-01-196” and the landrace “Fesho”, the former produced consistently more embryogenic tissue and a higher number of regenerants. An average of more than 2,800 shoots could be obtained from each “DZ-01-196” explant after 12 weeks of in vitro culture. These shoots readily formed roots, and plantlets transferred to soil were able to develop into morphologically normal, fertile plants. This regeneration and multiplication system should allow for the application of a range of biotechnological methods to tef.

scholarly journals Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis in Centaurium erythraea Rafn

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Milica D. Bogdanović ◽  
Katarina B. Ćuković ◽  
Angelina R. Subotić ◽  
Milan B. Dragićević ◽  
Ana D. Simonović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Cells ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Centaurium Erythraea

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a developmental process during which plant somatic cells, under suitable conditions, produce embryogenic cells that develop into somatic embryos (se). SE is the most important method for plant propagation in vitro, having both fundamental and applicative significance. SE can be induced from different tissues and organs, but when se are used as explants, the process is recognized as secondary or cyclic SE. We induced secondary SE in Centaurium erythraea by application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU). A medium containing 0.1 mgL−1 2,4-D and 0.25 mgL−1 CPPU was optimal in terms of the number of primary SE explants forming se, the number of well-developed se per explant, and morphological appearance of the obtained se. These concentrations allowed SE to progress through three cycles, whereas at higher concentrations of 0.2 mgL−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mgL−1 CPPU, only two cycles were achieved. Histological analysis revealed that secondary se are formed both directly and indirectly. Secondary SE readily germinated and converted into plantlets. Induction of cyclic SE contributes to the conservation efforts of this endangered medicinal plant and expands the spectrum of in vitro developmental pathways described in centaury—an emerging model in developmental biology.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Carnation

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Frey ◽  
Yehoshua Saranga ◽  
Jules Janick
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Somatic embryogenesis was induced from internodal callus of `Scania', `Improved White Sim', and `Sandra' carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). The optimum protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis included initiation of callus in liquid basal Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 3.0 μm 2,4-D followed by transfer to liquid basal medium lacking 2,4-D for embryo development. Somatic embryos originated from single cells and early embryonic development proceeded conventionally (i.e., via globular, heart-shaped, and torpedo stages), but clearly developed apical or root meristems were not always formed. A few embryos developed into seedlings and were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. Chemical name used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from leaf transverse thin cell layer derived-callus of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Huy ◽  
Bui Van The Vinh ◽  
Hoang Xuan Chien ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Transverse Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

No report on plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of P. vietnamensis has been previously published. In the present study, somatic embryogenesis via callus formation from cultures of leaf transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) was investigated. α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were added separately and in combination into the culture media. Explant necrosis or low callogenesis rates were observed when 1-mm wide leaf tTCLs were cultured on media with TDZ, BA, 2,4-D or NAA. On the other hand, calli were successfully induced from the tTCL explants cultured on medium supplemented with either 2,4-D and BA or 2,4-D and TDZ. Callogenesis was observed under both light and dark conditions. The highest callogenesis rate (100%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D in combination with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ in darkness after eight weeks of culture. White calli were cut into small pieces (1.0 x 1.0 cm dimension) and placed on MS media containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and TDZ at various concentrations (0.01; 0.1; 0.2; and 0.5 mg l-1), and the best callus proliferation was recorded on medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ. Somatic embryogenesis, with a success rate of 53.3% and 35 embryos per explant, was achieved when calli were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 0.2 mg l-1 TDZ.

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