scholarly journals Trunk Sprouting and Growth of Citrus as Affected by NAA, Aluminum Foil, and Plastic Trunk Wraps

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1612-1615
Author(s):  
Ed Stover ◽  
Scott Ciliento ◽  
Monty Myers
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Sprout Suppression ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Tree Development

In spring 1999, a commercial NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) preparation for trunk sprout inhibition was compared with a corrugated plastic trunk wrap, aluminum foil wrap, bimonthly hand removal of sprouts, use of NAA preparation plus bimonthly hand removal when sprouts appeared, and a nontreated control. Three recently planted groves on three different rootstocks [`Midsweet' orange (Citrus sinensis)] on Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), `Valencia' orange on Volkamer lemon (Volk, Citrus limon), and `Minneola' tangelo (Citrus paradisi × C. reticulata) on Smooth Flat Seville (SFS, Citrus hybrid) received each of the treatments in a randomized complete block experimental design with trees blocked by initial height and circumference. Every 2 months, sprouts were counted on each tree and removed from the hand removal treatments. After 1 year, all sprouts were removed and counted and height and circumference of trees was determined. Across all experiments, 82% to 100% of nontreated trees produced trunk sprouts and all sprout control methods significantly reduced sprouts per tree. NAA treatments were never significantly less effective at sprout suppression than the wraps at the P = 0.05 level, although in two experiments, wraps were more effective than NAA at P = 0.10. Time of sprout appearance varied between the three experimental blocks. Plastic and foil trunk wraps enhanced development of trunk circumference compared with nontreated controls in `Midsweet'/Swingle and `Valencia'/Volk. Greater trunk circumference resulted from use of wraps versus NAA in all three experiments, which appeared unrelated to differential sprout suppression. In these experiments, it appears that either wraps enhanced tree development beyond the suppression of sprouts or NAA influence on tree metabolism somewhat reduced trunk growth. The economics of the sprout suppression methods are also discussed.

scholarly journals Production of interstocked 'Pera' sweet orange nursey trees on 'Volkamer' lemon and 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Incompatibility among certain citrus scion and rootstock cultivars can be avoided through interstocking. 'Pera' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) nursery tree production was evaluated on 'Swingle' citrumelo (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf x Citrus paradisi Macf) and 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Pasquale) incompatible rootstocks, using 'Valencia' and 'Hamlin' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), 'Sunki' mandarin (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka), and 'Cleopatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tanaka) as interstocks. Citrus nursery trees interstocked with 'Pera' sweet orange on both rootstocks were used as control. 'Swingle' citrumelo led to the highest interstock bud take percentage, the greatest interstock height and rootstock diameter, as well as the highest scion and root system dry weight. Percentage of 'Pera' sweet orange dormant bud eye was greater for plants budded on 'Sunki' mandarin than those budded on 'Valencia' sweet orange. No symptoms of incompatibility were observed among any combinations of rootstocks, interstocks and scion. Production cycle can take up to 17 months with higher plant discard.

scholarly journals Performance of 'Oneco' mandarin on six rootstocks in South Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Alisson Pacheco Kovaleski ◽  
Eduardo Cesar Brugnara ◽  
Roberto Luis Weiler ◽  
Ivar Antônio Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Troyer Citrange

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of six rootstocks on yield, fruit quality, and growth of 'Oneco' mandarin during the first seven harvesting seasons, in Butiá, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The rootstocks evaluated were: 'Swingle' citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), 'Caipira' orange (C. sinensis), 'Troyer' citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), 'Rangpur' lime (C. limonia), 'Volkamer' lemon (C. volkameriana), and 'Flying Dragon' trifoliata orange (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa). Plants budded onto 'Flying Dragon' had the lowest vegetative development, which indicates the dwarfing characteristics of this rootstock, and had the highest mean production efficiency, despite low yield. Plants grafted on 'Volkamer' lemon and 'Rangpur' lime had the highest alternate bearing. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, the most adequate rootstocks for mandarin 'Oneco' are 'Swingle' citrumelo and 'Troyer' citrange, regarding fruit yield and quality.

scholarly journals 507 Nitrogen Uptake Dynamics of Citrus Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 482B-482
Author(s):  
J.M.S. Scholberg ◽  
L.R. Parsons ◽  
T.A. Wheaton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Improving our understanding of processes that control and limit nitrogen uptake by citrus can provide a scientific basis for enhancing nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. Nitrogen uptake dynamics of two rootstock seedlings will be compared to those of young budded trees. Three-month old Swingle citrumelo [Citrus paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.) trees were planted in PVC columns filled with a Candler fine sand. Field experiments were conducted using 4-year-old `Hamlin' orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] grafted on `Carrizo' [C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] or on Swingle citrumelo. Trees were either grown in solution culture using 120-L PVC containers or in 900-L PVC tubs filled with a Candler fine sand. Additional trees were planted in the field during Spring 1998. Two lateral roots per tree were trained to grow in slanted, partly burried, 20-L PVC columns filled with a Candler fine sand. Nitrogen uptake from the soil was determined by comparing the residual N extracted by intensive leaching from planted units with that of non-planted (reference) units. With the application of dilute N solutions (7 mg N/L), plants reduced N concentrations to near-zero N concentrations within days. Applying N at higher concentrations (70 or 210 mg N/L) resulted in higher initial uptake rates, increased residual soil N levels, and reduced nitrogen uptake efficiency. Contributions of passive uptake to total nitrogen uptake ranged from less than 5% at soil solution concentrations around 3 ppm N to 20% to 30% at concentrations of 60 ppm N.

Investigation of the life history and infestation of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on four different hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Maryam Atapour ◽  
Shiva Osouli
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
History Of

AbstractPhyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), also known as the citrus leafminer, is a serious pest in Citrus Linnaeus (Rutaceae) nurseries in Iran. Few studies have been performed on the life history of this pest on different citrus hosts. In this work, the infestation rate and biological aspects of P. citrella were investigated using four citrus hosts: Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck), trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (Linnaeus) Rafinesque), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen), and sweet lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Moths preferred laying eggs on leaves with a width ranging from 1–2 cm, and the highest oviposition was observed on the Valencia orange (51.2 eggs/female). The numbers of pupae and infested leaves were significantly higher on C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia. The entire developmental period of the immature stages was 13.8 and 15.4 days in C. aurantifolia and C. sinensis, respectively, while it increased to 21.8 and 24.7 days in C. paradisi and P. trifoliata. The rate of mortality of the immature stage was the highest in these two latter hosts as well (29–31%). Moths showed the highest emergence and longevity on C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia. The results indicate that C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia are susceptible hosts that can be recommended for the mass-rearing of this species in non-chemical pest control programmes.

scholarly journals Horticultural Evaluation of New Citrus latipes Hybrids as Rootstocks for Citrus

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Reforgiato Recupero ◽  
Giuseppe Russo ◽  
Santo Recupero ◽  
Roberto Zurru ◽  
Bruno Deidda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

In 1968, the CRA-Research Center for Citriculture and Mediterranean Crops (CRA-ACM) started a research program aimed at breeding citrus rootstocks. The monoembryonic species C. latipes (Swing.) Tan. was used as the female parent; trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], sour orange, and volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Pasq.) were used as male parents. The behavior of some of these hybrids tested with other standard rootstocks in Sicily and Sardinia was evaluated. The cultivars under comparison included ‘Washington’ navel orange and ‘SRA 92’ clementine in Sardinia and ‘Tarocco’ orange in Sicily. Our results showed the dramatic influence of rootstock on plant growth and yield; only minor effects on fruit quality were observed. Among the standard rootstocks tested, Swingle citrumelo provided the highest yield. Some of the tested hybrids (F5 P12, F6 P12, and F6 P13) may improve plant yield, thus maintaining good fruit quality. Encouraging data obtained with these hybrids may justify the use of monoembryonic species of the Papeda subgenus for breeding citrus rootstocks.

scholarly journals Performance of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold' Pummelo × Grapefruit Hybrids on Nine Rootstocks on a Calcareous, Poorly Drained Soil

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Stover ◽  
Robert Pelosi ◽  
Michael Burton ◽  
Scott Ciliento ◽  
Mark Ritenour
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Trial Site ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Adjacent but separate trials of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold', both triploid pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] × grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) hybrids, were established on nine rootstocks in the Indian River citrus region of Florida in 1993. The trees on the citrandarin rootstock ×639 [Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) × trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.)] were significantly more productive than trees on any other rootstock tested for `Oroblanco' and all rootstocks except Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata) and Cleopatra mandarin for `Melogold'. Cumulative production of `Oroblanco' on ×639, through year 9, was 50% higher than for Swingle or Volkamer lemon [C. limon (L.)], which were the next highest in yield. `Melogold' displayed extremely low yield, with 45% of trees producing fewer than 50 fruit total in the 9 years of this study. Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis Osbeck × P. trifoliata) produced the smallest trees with both scion varieties, reflecting poor adaptation of this rootstock to the calcareous soil at the trial site. As expected, acidity of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold' was much lower than would be observed for grapefruit when fall harvested, with similar total soluble solids (TSS), and much higher TSS: titratable acidity ratio. Some rootstock effects on internal quality were observed.

scholarly journals Presymptomatic Fibrous Root Decline in Citrus Trees Caused by Huanglongbing and Potential Interaction with Phytophthora spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Graham ◽  
E. G. Johnson ◽  
T. R. Gottwald ◽  
M. S. Irey
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
South Central ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, was first detected in Florida in late 2005 and is now widely distributed throughout the commercial citrus-growing regions. In recent seasons, concurrent with freeze and drought episodes, symptomatic HLB-infected trees were much more affected by the extremes of temperature and moisture than trees without HLB. Symptoms exhibited by the stressed trees were excessive leaf loss and premature fruit drop even when HLB-infected trees were managed with good nutritional and irrigation practices recommended to support health of HLB-affected trees. This stress intolerance may be due to a loss of fibrous roots. To assess root status of HLB-infected trees on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), blocks of 2,307 3-year-old ‘Hamlin’ orange trees and 2,693 4-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange trees were surveyed visually and with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to determine ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection status. The incidence of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-infected trees (presymptomatic: ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’+, visually negative; and symptomatic: ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’+, visually positive) trees was 89% for the Hamlin block and 88% for the Valencia block. ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’+ trees had 30 and 37% lower fibrous root mass density for presymptomatic and symptomatic trees, respectively, compared with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’– trees. In a second survey, 10- to 25-year-old Valencia trees on Swingle citrumelo or ‘Carrizo’ citrange (C. sinensis (L.) × P. trifoliata) rootstock were sampled within 3 to 6 months after identification of visual HLB status as symptomatic (‘Ca. L. asiaticus’+, visually positive) or nonsymptomatic (‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-, visually negative) in orchards located in the central ridge, south-central, and southwest flatwoods. Pairs of HLB symptomatic and nonsymptomatic trees were evaluated for PCR status, fibrous root mass density, and Phytophthora nicotianae propagules in the rhizosphere soil. ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’+ trees had 27 to 40% lower fibrous root mass density and, in one location, higher P. nicotianae per root but Phytophthora populations per cubic centimeter of soil were high on both ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’+ and ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’– trees. Fibrous root loss from HLB damage interacted with P. nicotianae depending on orchard location and time of year.

scholarly journals (330) Growth and Nutritional Response of Six Citrus Rootstocks to Increasing Levels of Copper

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066A-1066
Author(s):  
Joseph Albano ◽  
Kim Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Nutrient disorders related to excessive levels of copper in soils are common in Florida citrus groves that have been under production for many years, mainly due to the continual use of copper-containing pesticides. The objectives of the study were to investigate the growth and nutritional response of six citrus rootstocks (nonbudded) grown in 4-L containers in sand to increasing concentrations of copper. The rootstocks included: Swingle citrumelo (Citrusparadisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.), Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. and Pasq.), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrusreticulata Blanco), Flying Dragon (P. trifoliata); and two new USDA series rootstocks, US-812 (Sunki mandarin × P. trifoliata released in 2001), and US-897 (a hybrid of Cleopatra × Flying Dragon not yet released). Copper was supplied at 0.05, 0.25, 1.00, and 2.00 mg·L-1 CuEDTA incorporated into a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. As a mean of all Cu treatments, whole plant Cu levels (μg·g-1) were: Flying Dragon, 17.33; US-897, 21.68; Cleopatra, 27.33; US-812, 28.84; Swingle, 29.74; and Volkamer, 34.05. As a mean of all Cu treatments, foliar Cu levels (μg·g-1) were greatest and least in US-812 (7.74) and Cleopatra (4.05), respectively; and root Cu levels (μg·g-1) were greatest and least in Volkamer (61.08) and Flying Dragon (30.08), respectively.

scholarly journals 179 Impact of Rootstock on Maturity and Storage of Valencia Orange Fruits

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 421D-421
Author(s):  
M.M. Khattab ◽  
A.A. Elezaby ◽  
S. ElOraby ◽  
A.M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Troyer Citrange

This investigation was carried out on 13-year-old Valencia orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] budded on five different rootstocks. Heat unit accumulation (temperature above 12.5 °C) for fruits worked on the various rootstocks were calculated from full bloom to maturity stage. Valencia fruits on Troyer citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) and Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) rootstocks matured earlier when compared to those growing on Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. and Pasq.), and sour orange (C. aurantium) rootstocks. The results showed that the Valencia fruits, regardless of rootstock, could be stored for different periods under different conditions. However, in order to avoid degradation in fruit quality, storing periods should not exceed 21, 60, and 120 days under room conditions (25 °C and RH 25% to 35%), 4 °C (RH 80% to 85%), and 8 °C (RH 80% to 85%); respectively.

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