scholarly journals Hybrid Bluegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass, and Tall Fescue Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Transition Zone

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Teuton ◽  
John C. Sorochan ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
Thomas J. Samples ◽  
John M. Parham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
The University ◽  
Main Effects

‘Dura Blue’ and ‘Thermal Blue’ hybrid bluegrass have been selected for heat and drought tolerance. These grasses offer alternatives to traditional Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue in the transition zone. Experiments were conducted in two locations during 2003 and 2004 at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tenn. Nitrogen (N) was applied at 50, 150, or 300 kg·ha−1 N per year to ‘Apollo’ Kentucky bluegrass, ‘Dura Blue’, and ‘Thermal Blue’ hybrid bluegrass, and ‘Dynasty’ and ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue. The main effects of turfgrass and N were significant for color and quality observations. However, their interactions were not significant; therefore, only the main effects are shown. Acceptable turfgrass color (>6) and quality (>6) was observed for all varieties in May, August, and November. All N regimens showed acceptable turfgrass color and quality. However, 150 kg·ha−1 N per year was required to achieve optimum color and quality. ‘Kentucky 31’ produced higher clipping dry weights when N was applied at 50 kg·ha−1 per year than the other varieties. Nitrogen applied at 150 and 300 kg·ha−1 per year on ‘Kentucky 31’ and ‘Thermal Blue’ produced higher clipping dry weights than the other varieties. ‘Dynasty’ and ‘Kentucky 31’ had similar brown patch incidences at each nitrogen level. Increases in brown patch incidence occurred as N levels decreased from 300 (21%) to 50 kg·ha−1 per year (31%) for ‘Dynasty’ and ‘Kentucky 31’. Dollar spot incidence occurred on all bluegrass varieties from 7% to 24%. However, dollar spot decreased with increased N fertility. All turfgrass species tested were acceptable for use in the transition zone.

Fungicide Management of Brown Patch of Tall Turf-type Fescue in the Residential Landscape in Oklahoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Damon L. Smith ◽  
Nathan R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Lawn Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Residential Market

In the transition zone of the USA, cool-season grasses such as tall fescue are often planted in shaded areas, where warm-season grasses are less adapted. The most damaging disease of tall fescue is brown patch, caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Fungicide applications and cultural practices are often used to manage brown patch in this region. A three-year study was implemented in Oklahoma to evaluate ready-to-use fungicides available to residential lawn owners and compare these to several common commercial fungicide formulations used by professional lawn care applicators. A selection of fungicides representing products commonly available to the residential market and commercial standards were applied to small plots of tall fescue or tall fescue/Kentucky bluegrass mixtures from 2008 to 2010. All products tested, with the exception of azoxystrobin, provided limited or inconsistent control of brown patch and resulted in lower turfgrass quality in all years. Further examination of carrier type (granular vs. liquid) and timing (preventive vs. curative) did not result in strong differences in the level of brown patch control or overall quality. These studies suggest that control of brown patch in tall fescue in the transition zone should focus on integrated disease management principals and not only on applications of fungicides directed at the residential market. Accepted for publication 5 August 2013. Published 22 October 2013.

scholarly journals Month of Seeding Effect on Low-Input Establishment of Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses in Continental Transition Zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lynn Diesburg ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Low Input

This research was conducted to determine the degree of success, by month, in seeding establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) at two locations in the moist, Midwest, continental transition zone on a prepared seed bed without irrigation or cover. The four species were planted every month of the year starting in September 2005. Starter fertilizer and siduron were applied the same day as seeding with no subsequent management except mowing. Percent cover of living turfgrass was recorded in each of 24 months after seeding. Tall fescue (80%) and Bermudagrass (73%) provided the best percent cover over all planting dates. Kentucky bluegrass provided 65% and zoysiagrass 24% cover. The cool-season grasses performed best in the July-to-March plantings; tall fescue 88% and Kentucky bluegrass 72%. Bermudagrass (94%) established best in the January-to-April plantings, while Zoysiagrass (32%) established best in the November-to-March plantings. Germination and seedling survival after germination of all species were inhibited by limited moisture during summer. The warm-season grasses were further limited by winter kill in the August, September, and October seedings. These results emphasize the risk in spring-seeding as well as the value in dormant-seeding of both warm- and cool-season turfgrasses for low-input, nonirrigated establishment.

scholarly journals Changes in Viability and Microflora of Soybean Seeds Stored under Various Conditions in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
F. D. Tenne ◽  
E. J. Ravalo ◽  
J. B. Sinclair ◽  
E. D. Rodda
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Storage Location ◽  
The University ◽  
Main Effects

Woodworth soybean (Glycine max) seed lots were stored under tropical conditions at two locations of the University of Puerto Rico, in four types of containers at three moisture levels, arranged in a completely randomized factorial design. Germination overall factors decreased with time. Germin ation decreased with increased length of storage and was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the occurrence of Bacillus subtilis. After 9 mo, the seeds with an initial moisture content (dry basis) of 8.6% had a higher germination and lower occurrence of seed-borne microorganisms than those stored with 10.7% and 12.5%. Seeds stored in 200-g sealed food cans main tained germination longer than those stored in nonsealed cans with a plastic lining, plastic-lined fertil izer bags, or in cloth bags. Seeds stored in cloth bags had a greater incidence of B. subtilis than those from the other storage containers. Whether or not th ere were significant differences between storage location for any main effects or interactions depended upon the parameter measured.

Minimal irrigation requirements of Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue blends in the northern transition zone

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jada S. Powlen ◽  
Cale A. Bigelow ◽  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Melodee L. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

scholarly journals Performance of Low-maintenance Turfgrass Mixtures and Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Miller ◽  
Robert J. Mugaas ◽  
Mary H. Meyer ◽  
Eric Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Fine Fescue ◽  
The University

Several studies have been conducted on low-maintenance turfgrass species; however, relatively few have evaluated mixtures or blends. The objective of this study was to evaluate low-maintenance turfgrass mixtures or blends for turf quality under minimal input conditions. Eight turfgrass mixtures or blends were planted in 2009 at the University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum (Chaska, MN) on a low-fertility soil to assess their adaptability to low-input conditions (minimal water and fertilizer and no pesticides after establishment). The year after establishment, plots were divided into no-mow and minimal mow treatments. Plots were evaluated for establishment in 2009 and overall quality and percent weed cover in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Native grass mixtures established slowly with greater weed encroachment, but over time resulted in high-quality ratings. Under minimal mowing, the Tall Fescue Blend [tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)] performed the best for quality, while three fine fescue (Festuca sp.) mixtures and the Tall Fescue/Kentucky Bluegrass Mixture [tall fescue + kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)] also had acceptable quality ratings. The Kentucky Bluegrass Blend (kentucky bluegrass) was less competitive with weeds and had unacceptable quality ratings. Under no-mow conditions, the native grass mixtures and the Tall Fescue Blend had the highest overall quality ratings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chitinase Activity in Tall Fescue Cultivars Inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Matthew Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Adam Nichols ◽  
Brandon Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Humidity Chamber

Tall fescue has great utility as a low maintenance turfgrass in the northern and transition zone regions of the United States. A factor limiting tall fescue utility is its susceptibility to the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, the causal agent of foliar brown patch. Chitinase activity has been positively correlated with resistance to R. solani in other plant species. A chitinase assay was developed for tall fescue. Three tall fescue cultivars with differing agronomic qualities and brown patch susceptibility as well as a resistant hybrid bluegrass cultivar were inoculated with R. solani in a greenhouse humidity chamber. Chitinase activity 48 hours after inoculation was negatively correlated with percent brown patch severity 10 days after inoculation. ‘Jaguar’ tall fescue was the most tolerant to R. solani and exhibited the highest chitinase activity before and after inoculation. No significant increase in chitinase activity was observed in the other tall fescue cultivars following R. solani inoculation. Identifying tall fescue cultivars expressing high amounts of chitinase activity could be important for developing brown patch-tolerant tall fescue cultivars.

scholarly journals Impact of Hybrid Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Seeding Combinations on Brown Patch Severity and Weed Encroachment

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cutulle ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
David McCall ◽  
Brandon Horvath ◽  
Adam D. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Brown Patch ◽  
Count Ratio ◽  
Patch Disease ◽  
The Impact

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and hybrid bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. × Poa arachnifera) can both be successfully grown in the transition zone of the United States. However, each grass has limitations. Tall fescue is susceptible to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, whereas slow establishment and susceptibility to weed infestations limit hybrid bluegrass. Previous studies have shown the benefits of combining kentucky bluegrass with tall fescue in seeding mixtures. Research was conducted to evaluate the impact of two seeding combinations of hybrid bluegrass and tall fescue (one combination seeded at a 1.9:1 seed count ratio favoring tall fescue, the other combination seeded at a 1:1.8 seed count ratio favoring hybrid bluegrass) as well as monocultures of the species on turfgrass cover, weed species infestation, brown patch disease severity caused by R. solani, sod strength and species ecology. The seeding combinations had lower weed density during establishment and greater turf cover than the monoculture of hybrid bluegrass. The monoculture of tall fescue was subjected to more brown patch disease than the seeding combinations during and after the first year of establishment. Brown patch infestations likely reduced tall fescue cover and led to a species shift favoring hybrid bluegrass in the seeding combinations based on tiller count and weight data. Seeding combinations of tall fescue and hybrid bluegrass are beneficial from an epidemiological perspective because they reduce disease and weed infestations compared with monocultures of either species. From an agronomic perspective, the seeding combination favoring tall fescue provided the densest turf, whereas the seeding combination favoring hybrid had the greatest sod strength. Chemical name used: clopyralid (3,6 dichloropyridine-2 carboxylic acid)

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