scholarly journals Bispyribac–sodium, Sulfosulfuron, and Interseeding Creeping Bentgrass for Long-term Control of Roughstalk Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Rutledge ◽  
Debbie E. Morton ◽  
Daniel V. Weisenberger ◽  
Zachary J. Reicher
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Sulfonyl Urea ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Seasonal Heat

Roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) contamination is problematic on golf course fairways from the Midwest to the mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Bispyribac–sodium and sulfosulfuron have potential to selectively control roughstalk bluegrass. Our objectives were to determine the most effective herbicide treatments for short- and long-term roughstalk bluegrass control and to determine if interseeding with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) after herbicide treatments will improve long-term control of roughstalk bluegrass or conversion to creeping bentgrass. Plots were treated with bispyribac–sodium or sulfosulfuron and then half of each plot was interseeded with creeping bentgrass in early August, 2 weeks after the final herbicide application in 2006, 2007, and 2008 in Indiana. Roughstalk bluegrass cover reduction was highest when treated with bispyribac–sodium at 56 or 74 g·ha−1 a.i. applied four times or sulfosulfuron at 27 g·ha−1 a.i. applied three times. Interseeding with creeping bentgrass improved long-term roughstalk bluegrass control and quickened conversion to creeping bentgrass. Furthermore, bispyribac–sodium and sulfosulfuron appeared to be more effective in the first 2 years of the study when seasonal heat stress was greater, which appeared to improve long-term roughstalk bluegrass control and promoted creeping bentgrass establishment. Chemical names used: {2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy] benzoic acid} (bispyribac–sodium), {1-[4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl]-3-[2-ethanesulfonyl-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-3-yl) sulfonyl]urea} (sulfosulfuron).

scholarly journals Response of Seedling Roughstalk Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass to Bispyribac–sodium or Sulfosulfuron

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Rutledge ◽  
Daniel V. Weisenberger ◽  
Zachary J. Reicher
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Sulfonyl Urea ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Poa Trivialis

Controlling mature roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.; RSBG) using bispyribac–sodium (BYS) or sulfosulfuron (SUL) often yields inconsistent results. Attempting to control RSBG shortly after emergence may eliminate or reduce it with fewer inputs and less noticeable creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.; CBG) phytotoxicity than if treated at maturity. The objective of these studies was to determine whether BYS or SUL controls seedling RSBG with only minimal seedling CBG cover reduction. Four separate studies on either CBG or RSBG were conducted in spring or fall of 2007 and repeated in 2008 to simulate spring or fall fairway establishment. Studies were arranged as split plots with application timing (7, 14, 21, or 28 days after CBG emergence) as main plots and subplots were herbicide treatments in a 2 × 5 factorial with BYS or SUL applied once at five uniformly increasing rates of 0, 18, 37, 55, and 74 g·ha−1 a.i. and 0, 6, 13, 19, and 26 g·ha−1 a.i., respectively. Plots were maintained at 1.3 cm and emergence was defined as ≈50% of the study area being populated with one- to two-leaf CBG seedlings. Spring-seeded stands of CBG were safely treated with BYS 14 or more days after emergence (DAE) at 55 g·ha−1 a.i. or less, whereas SUL was not safe by 28 DAE at any tested rate. Fall-seeded CBG was generally less sensitive to BYS and SUL. Sulfosulfuron resulted in excessive damage if applied to seedling CBG before 14 DAE at rates greater than 6 g·ha−1 a.i. and if applied before 21 DAE at rates greater than 26 g·ha−1. Bispyribac–sodium was safely applied as soon as 7 DAE at rates of 74 g·ha−1 a.i. or less. Chemical names used: {2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy] benzoic acid} (bispyribac–sodium); {1-[4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl]-3-[2-ethanesulfonyl-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-3-yl) sulfonyl]urea} (sulfosulfuron).

California High-Speed Rail

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jeff Morales
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Rail Station

California has started construction on the first true high-speed rail system in the United States. In this chapter, the CEO of the California High-Speed Rail Authority describes how the state's historic investment in new high-speed rail infrastructure will benefit Californians. Benefits include job creation, statewide modernization of existing local rail lines, short and long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, preservation of agricultural land and environmentally sensitive habitats, advanced clean and green construction practices and technologies, a commitment to 100% renewable energy use, and assistance to partner cities on transit-oriented planning for high-speed rail station areas.

scholarly journals Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Pogue ◽  
Jamie L. Jensen ◽  
Carter K. Stancil ◽  
Daniel G. Ferguson ◽  
Savannah J. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, with the United States being highly affected. A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes towards and obstacles facing vaccination with a potential COVID-19 vaccine. To measure these attitudes a survey was administered to 316 respondents across the United States by a survey corporation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships of several factors with attitudes toward potential COVID-19 vaccination. Prior vaccine usage and attitudes predicted attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Assessment of the severity of COVID-19 for the United States was also predictive. Approximately 68% of all respondents were supportive of being vaccinated for COVID-19, but side effects, efficacy and length of testing remained concerns. Longer testing, increased efficacy and development in the United States were significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Messages promoting COVID-19 vaccination should seek to alleviate the concerns of those who are already vaccine-hesitant. Messaging directed at the benefits of vaccination for the United States as a country would address the second predictive factor. Enough time should be taken to allay concerns about both short- and long-term side effects before a vaccine is released.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term associations between widowhood and mortality in the United States: longitudinal analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robin Moon ◽  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
Anusha M. Vable ◽  
Sze Y. Liu ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Short And Long Term

Short- and Long-term Cardiovascular Complications of Cancer Treatment: Overview for the Practicing Oncologist

2012 ◽  
pp. 553-554
Author(s):  
Chetan Shenoy ◽  
Gretchen Kimmick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Comorbid Illness ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Short And Long Term

Overview: As new therapies improve survival from cancer, attention to comorbid illness and complications of therapy—both short- and long-term—become much more important to improving not only quality of life but also overall survival. Recognized for its importance as the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease often coexists with cancer, and cancer treatment may increase risk and/or severity. In addition, there are well-recognized cardiovascular toxicities of cancer treatment, including not only cardiomyopathy, but also hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and others. Oncologists and cardiologists are working closely to learn more about the complex interaction and to improve management and outcome for patients.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Hypertension in Pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Mustafa ◽  
Sana Ahmed ◽  
Anu Gupta ◽  
Rocco C. Venuto
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
In Pregnancy

Hypertension is the most common medical disorder encountered during pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders are one of the major causes of pregnancy-related maternal deaths in the United States. We will present a comprehensive update of the literature pertinent to hypertension in pregnancy. The paper begins by defining and classifying hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The normal vascular and renal physiological changes which occur during pregnancy are detailed. We will summarize the intriguing aspects of pathophysiology of preeclampsia, emphasizing on recent advances in this field. The existing diagnostic tools and the tests which have been proposed for screening preeclampsia are comprehensively described. We also highlight the short- and long-term implications of preeclampsia. Finally, we review the current management guidelines, goals of treatment and describe the potential risks and benefits associated with various antihypertensive drug classes. Preeclampsia still remains an enigma, and the present management focuses on monitoring and treatment of its manifestations. We are hopeful that this in depth critique will stimulate the blossoming research in the field and assist practitioners to identify women at risk and more effectively treat affected individuals.

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