scholarly journals Regeneration of Chlorophytum amaniense ‘Fire Flash’ Through Indirect Shoot Organogenesis

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-469
Author(s):  
Jin Cui ◽  
Juanxu Liu ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Foliage Plant

Chlorophytum amaniense Engl. ‘Fire Flash’ is a popular exotic ornamental foliage plant as a result of its unique coral-colored midribs and petioles and tolerance to interior low light levels. Currently, demand for propagative materials exceeds the availability of seeds. This study was intended to develop an in vitro culture method for rapid propagation of this cultivar. Leaf and sprouted seed explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with different cytokinins with 1.1 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2.3 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Leaf explants showed poor responses in callus production and no adventitious shoots were obtained. Callus formation frequencies from sprouted seeds were 71% and 85% when induced by 9.8 μM N6-(2-isopentyl) adenine (2iP) with 1.1 μM NAA and 9.1 μM N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ) with 1.1 μM NAA, respectively. Adventitious shoots occurred after the induced calluses were subcultured on the same concentrations of TDZ or 2iP with NAA. Shoot formation frequencies from calluses cultured on TDZ with NAA and 2iP with NAA were 92% and 85%, and the corresponding mean shoot numbers were 37 and 31 per piece of callus (1 cm3), respectively. Adventitious shoots rooted at 100% after transferring to the basal medium containing 4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) with 2.7 μM NAA. Plantlets, after transplanting to a soilless substrate were easily acclimatized in a shaded greenhouse under a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) density of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1. Regenerated plants grew vigorously without undesirable basal branching or distorted leaves. This newly established regeneration method can provide the foliage plant industry with a means for rapidly propagating ‘Fire Flash’ liners in a year-round fashion.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration through Protocorm-like Bodies Induced from Nodal Explants of Syngonium podophyllum ‘White Butterfly’

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Cui ◽  
Juanxu Liu ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Petiole Explants

Syngonium podophyllum ‘White Butterfly’, one of the most popular ornamental foliage plants, is propagated almost exclusively through in vitro shoot culture. Ex vitro rooting, however, has been associated with severe Myrothecium leaf spot (Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr.). The objective of this study was to establish a method for regenerating well-rooted plantlets before ex vitro transplanting. Leaf and petiole explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU), N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ), 6-benzyladenine (BA), or N-isopentenylaminopurine (2iP) with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), respectively. Calli formed from leaf explants cultured on the basal medium supplemented with CPPU or TDZ with 2,4-D or with NAA as well as from petiole explants cultured on the medium supplemented with BA, CPPU, or TDZ with 2,4-D or NAA. The calli, however, failed to differentiate, and shoot organogenesis did not occur. Culture of nodal explants on the MS basal medium supplemented with 9.84 μm 2iP, 8.88 μm BA, 8.07 μm CPPU, or 9.08 μm TDZ with 2.26 μm 2,4-D resulted in the formation of protocorm-like bodies, adventitious shoots, and subsequently well-rooted plantlets. MS basal medium supplemented with 19.68 μm 2iP and 1.07 μm NAA resulted in the highest percentage (92.9%) of nodal explants producing protocorm-like bodies and an average of 16.9 well-rooted plantlets per nodal explant. Adventitious shoots were able to root in the initial induction medium, but better root development occurred after shoots with protocorm-like bodies were transferred onto MS basal medium supplemented with 9.84 μm 2iP and 2.69 μm NAA. Regenerated plantlets were stable and grew vigorously with 100% survival rates after ex vitro transplanting to a container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.

scholarly journals Regeneration of Dracaena surculosa Through Indirect Shoot Organogenesis

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1250-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanxu Liu ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Richard J. Henny ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Jiahua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Explants

This study established a method of regenerating Dracaena surculosa Lindl. ‘Florida Beauty’ through indirect shoot organogenesis. Bud, leaf, and stem explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with N6-(2-isopentyl) adenine (2iP) at 12.3 and 24.6 μM with 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 0, 1.1, and 2.3 μM, respectively, and 2iP at 36.9, 49.2, 61.5, and 73.8 μM with IAA at 1.1 and 2.3 μM, respectively. Calluses were induced from leaf explants but failed to produce adventitious shoots. Calluses were also induced from stem and bud explants cultured on the basal medium containing 12.3 μM 2iP and 2.3 μM IAA, 24.6 μM 2iP or higher with either 1.1 or 2.3 μM IAA. The highest callus induction frequency was 63.2% from stem explants and 69.6% from bud explants when they were cultured on the basal medium supplemented with 49.2 μM 2iP and 2.3 μM IAA. The highest shoot formation frequency was 65.7% from stem-derived callus cultured on the basal medium containing 61.5 μM 2iP and 1.1 μM IAA and 88% from bud-derived callus cultured with 49.2 μM 2iP and 1.1 μM IAA. The highest number of shoots per piece of stem- and bud-derived calluses was 3.8 and 6.7, respectively. Adventitious shoots developed better root systems in the basal medium supplemented with 2.0 μM IAA. Plantlets after transplantation into a soilless substrate grew vigorously in a shaded greenhouse under a maximum photosynthetic photon flux density of 300 μmol·m−2·s−1. Neither disease incidence nor somaclonal variants were observed in the regenerated population. This established method could be used for efficient micropropagation of D. surculosa, and the availability of tissue-cultured liners could reduce the dependency on imported cuttings, which often bring new or invasive pests into the United States.

scholarly journals An Efficient Procedure for Regeneration from Leaf-derived Calluses of Lonicera macranthoides ‘Jincuilei’, an Important Medicinal Plant

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Yongxin Li ◽  
Qiying Nie ◽  
Junbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Established Procedure ◽  
Lonicera Macranthoides

‘Jincuilei’ is a mutant selected from Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. It produces abundant flowers that never open with a chlorogenic acid (CGA) content up to 6.0%. Propagation through rooting or grafting has only a 30% survival rate. This study was undertaken to establish an efficient protocol for rapidly regenerating this mutant. Leaf explants were inoculated on Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenozyacetic acid (2,4-D). The optimal combination for callus induction was 4.4 μm BA with 2.26 μm 2,4-D, which resulted in 86.7% of leaf explants producing calluses in 4 weeks. Calluses produced from this optimal medium were cultured on B5 medium containing different concentrations of kinetin (KT) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The best formulation for shoot induction was B5 medium containing 0.9 μm KT and 5.4 μm NAA in which 73.4% of cultured calluses produced shoots in 8 weeks, and shoot numbers ranged from three to six per callus piece (1 cm3). Adventitious shoots were cut and rooted in half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 14.8 μm 3-indolebutyric acid. Roots initiated 10 d after culture, and rooting percentages ranged from 98% to 100%. Plantlets grown in a container substrate in a shaded greenhouse had over a 95% survival rate. During the last 6 years, over four million plantlets were regenerated using this established procedure, and there was no somaclonal variation. Fresh and dry weights of 1000 flowers, CGA contents, and dry flower yields of the regenerated plants were not significantly different from those of the stock ‘Jincuilei’ propagated by cutting, indicating that plants regenerated from this established procedure were stable. This established in vitro culture method has led to rapid commercial production of this medicinal plant on more than 1500 ha of production field.

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from In Vitro Leaves of Formosan Sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana L.)

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xu ◽  
G.F. Liu ◽  
M.Z. Bao
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
High Regeneration

Plantlets were regenerated from in vitro-grown leaf explants of five genotypes of Liquidambar formosana on WPM basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of TDZ and NAA. With the addition of 0.27 μm NAA, regeneration efficiency was increased by 2- to 4-fold over that with TDZ alone. Lower concentrations of TDZ (0.45–2.27 μm) were beneficial for regenerating shoot clusters. Four genotypes (P2, P6, P9, and P11) showed high regeneration rates (up to 90%), whereas genotype P13 showed a low capability for shoot regeneration on all media tested (<35%). For all five genotypes, the optimum medium for inducing adventitious shoots was WPM supplemented with 1.14 μm TDZ and 0.27 μm NAA, on which regeneration rate ranged from 72.6% to 89.5% and adventitious shoot clusters per regenerating leaf explant ranged from 2.63 to 3.11 in four genotypes (P2, P6, P9, and P11), while for P13, the regeneration rate and number of shoot clusters per regenerating explant were 23% and 1.39, respectively. Transfer of shoot clusters to WPM basal medium containing 0.54 μm NAA, 2.22 μm BA, and 1.44 μm GA3, resulted in shoot elongation. All the elongated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 9.84 μm IBA, and plantlets were transplanted to soil successfully. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), plant growth regulator (PGR), thidiazuron (TDZ), woody plant medium (WPM).

scholarly journals Callus Induction in Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) Explants

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Kelson S. REZENDE ◽  
Ana Maria N. SCOTON ◽  
Maílson V. JESUS ◽  
Zeva V. PEREIRA ◽  
Fernanda PINTO
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is a species with great economic and environmental potential; it has popular acceptance, besides being a very productive species. Alternative propagation methods are important for species maintenance and exploration. Thus, micropropagation emerged as an alternative technique, providing genetic stability and the production of a large number of seedlings. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a callus induction protocol for in vitro baru explants. The tested explants were nodal, internodal and foliar segments. The explants were disinfected for 30 seconds in 70% alcohol (v/v) and 2 minutes in sodium hypochlorite (1.25% active chlorine). This was followed by triple washing. The inoculation was carried out in test tubes containing 15 mL MS medium (30 g L-1 sucrose, 6 g L-1 agar and 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid) supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The solution also contained 0.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with the pH adjusted to 5.8. In the incubation phase, the explants were cultured for seven days in the dark and then subjected to a photoperiod of 16 hours (43 µmol m-2 s-1) at 25 ± 2 °C. The treatments were studied with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 mg L-1 BAP additions to the MS. Callus formation, contamination and oxidation evaluations were undertaken. The results obtained when using 2.0 mg L-1 NAA concluded that such a treatment should be used to induce callogenesis from nodal explants, while for the tested baru leaf explants, the best results for callus formation were given by the combination of 2.0 mg L-1 NAA with 2.5 mg L-1 of BAP to.

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from In Vitro Leaf Explants of the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Angela Ricci ◽  
Luca Capriotti ◽  
Bruno Mezzetti ◽  
Oriano Navacchi ◽  
Silvia Sabbadini
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting

In the present study, an efficient system for the in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from the peach rootstock Hansen 536 leaves has been established. Twenty regeneration media containing McCown Woody Plant Medium (WPM) as a basal salt supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were tested. Expanded leaves along with their petiole from 3-week-old elongated in vitro shoot cultures were used as starting explants. The highest regeneration rate (up to 53%) was obtained on WPM basal medium enriched with 15.5 μM N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The influences on leaf regeneration of the ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulphate (STS) and of different combinations of antibiotics added to the optimized regeneration medium were also investigated. The use of 10 μM STS or carbenicillin (238 μM) combined with cefotaxime (210 μM) significantly increased the average number of regenerating shoots per leaf compared to the control. In vitro shoots were finally elongated, rooted and successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. The results achieved in this study advances the knowledge on factors affecting leaf organogenesis in Prunus spp., and the regeneration protocol described looks promising for the optimization of new genetic transformation procedures in Hansen 536 and other peach rootstocks and cultivars.

scholarly journals Studies on the reaction in tissue culture of tomato genotypes under biotic stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Regeneration In Vitro

Plant regeneration in vitro from virus-infected somatic tomato (<em>Lycopersicon</em> sp.) tissue was performed. Regeneration experiments were started after the determination of virus presence, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in leaves used as a source of explants. Leaf explants infected with selected strains of tomato mosaic <em>Tobamovirus</em> or cucumber mosaic <em>Cucumovirus</em> respectively, were cultured on a standarised MS agar medium to induce adventitious shoots, which were afterwards excised, rooted in vitro and cultured to plants. Explants were also screened for their ability to produce callus. Diverse effects of viral infection, ranging from stimulation to inhibition of callus formation and of morphogenesis rate, were observed. The health condition of the tissue proved to affect regeneration potential of <em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em>, whereas wild accesions did not react in that case so distinctly. In cultivated tomato was encountered the decline in competence to reproduce shoots adventitiously in infected tissue. There was also relationship between donor plant health condition and adventitious root formation in regenerated shoots. Experiments with short-term cultures of <em>L. esculenum</em> reveled also that a certain number of shoots regenerated from diseased tissue can be virus-free.

scholarly journals Adventitious Shoot Formation and Plant Regeneration from Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars and Dihaploid Lines

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 471B-471
Author(s):  
Agustin Huerta ◽  
Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Formation ◽  
Shoot Primordia

Adventitious shoots and viable plants were regenerated from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars and dihaploid lines (DHLs) obtained from F1 hybrids via androgenesis (Dolcet-Sanjuan et al., in press). Hypocotil and cotyledon sections from in vitro-germinated seeds were used as explants. A modified MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) supplemented with IAA (0 to 3.2 μM) and BAP (0 to 100 μM) was used in a 3-week-long shoot primordia induction phase. Shoot elongation was best performed in the same basal medium, but supplemented with silver thiosulfate and GA3. Shoots were regenerated from eight selected DHLs (`C213', `C215', `C218', `C2123', `C2125', `C3111', `C3113', and `P493') and two cultivars (`Padrón' and `Yolo Wonder'). The percentage of cotyledon sections with shoot primordia after the induction phase was not genotype-dependent and always higher than with hypocotil sections (93.4% and 17.9%, respectively). The number of shoot primordia per responsive cotyledon section was also higher than with hypocotil sections (3.3 and 1.7, respectively). The genotype had a significant effect on the number of shoots regenerated per responsive cotyledon (1.1 to 5.5) or hypocotil (0.5 to 3.5) section. All adventitiously regenerated plants were fertile. This adventitious shoot regeneration protocol is being used to obtain transgenic plants from sweet bell pepper genotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Regulators on In Vitro Morphogenic Response of Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. Poir. Using Mature Zygotic Embryos Explants

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussien H. Daffalla ◽  
Eltayb Abdellatef ◽  
Elsadig A. Elhadi ◽  
Mutasim M. Khalafalla
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Boscia Senegalensis

The percent study describes the in vitro responses of mature zygotic embryos of Boscia senegalensis to different concentrations (0.0–5.0 mg/L) of 6-benzyladnine (BA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) supplemented on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). The plant growth regulators (PGRs) were considerably affected the morphogenetic responses. BA produced adventitious shoots through two ways: direct organogenesis and auxiliary shoot formation. Both 2, 4-D and TDZ tend to produce callus, whereas NAA improve the development of embryos to seedlings. Maximum number of shoots/explant (14.8 ± 0.6) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BA. 67.0% of excised shoots were rooted either on 1/2 MS medium augmented with or without 0.25 mg/L IBA. The highest number of roots (1.2 ± 0.4) and root length (0.5 ± 0.2 cm) was produced on 0.25 mg/L IBA-containing medium. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the green house with 70% survival rate. All the plants appeared morphologically uniform with normal growth pattern. A rapid (30 days), efficient and without subculturing protocol for in vitro regeneration of B. senegalensis was developed.

Competence, determination, and meristemoid plasticity in tobacco organogenesis in vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbinder S Dhaliwal ◽  
Nicole S Ramesar-Fortner ◽  
Edward C Yeung ◽  
Trevor A Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Root Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Organogenesis In Vitro

Tobacco leaf explants can produce both shoots and roots depending on the phytohormones in the medium. These arise directly via meristemoids (meristematic centers), which form distinct primordia and then organs. In this study it was found that shoot primordia arose from the palisade mesophyll cells at the adaxial surface, while root primordia arose from the rib parenchyma cells, near the existing vascular bundles. In studies on competency and determination, it was found that the tobacco leaf explants required 4–6 days in culture on a shoot-inducing medium (SIM) to become determined for shoot formation, while the explants were competent for rooting at excision and needed only 1 day on the root-inducing medium (RIM) to become determined for root formation. Transfer of explants from SIM or RIM to basal medium (BM without phytohormones) and vice versa supported the above findings. Transfer of explants from SIM to RIM and vice versa, delayed the timing of root and shoot formation, but not the position in the explant from which the organs arose. On transfer from SIM to RIM or vice versa, meristemoids that were already determined for shoot or root formation continued to develop, while those not yet determined were inhibited and (or) reverted to parenchymatous tissue. Thus under our culture conditions meristemoids in tobacco leaf explants are not plastic.Key words: competence, determination, meristemoid plasticity, organogenesis, tobacco.

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