Biopsy with Side-Cutting Coaxial Needle—Knowing the “Cutting Length” and “Throw Length”

Image-guided Trucut biopsy is a well-established procedure. The length of the side notch in the stylet is the “cutting length,” which entraps the tissue sample and contributes to the yield. The total distance by which the inner stylet protrudes from the outer cannula with the cutting notch open is the “throw length.” It is inevitably longer than the cutting length does not add to the yield of the sample, but potentially to the complication of the procedure. The authors highlight the importance of knowing this distinction to minimize complications during the procedure.

Local government fighting COVID-19: the Case of Slovenian Municipalities

When the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus broke out, it was initially assumed that Slovenian municipalities would successfully cope with the crisis situation due to their experience in dealing with natural and other disasters. Nevertheless, the unprecedented pandemic posed significant challenges to local governments, especially in the first wave, from managing responses to an unknown crisis situation to ensuring the safety of citizens in times of extreme uncertainty. Using a four-dimensional framework, the article analyses the results of the first post-COVID-19 survey of mayors of Slovenian municipalities, which reveals differences and similarities in policies to contain and prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease. The analysis proves that there is no single and well-established procedure for dealing with a crisis situation. Indeed, responses varied from municipality to municipality, and the intensity of action depended to a large extent on the commitment, initiative and innovation of the individual mayor.

Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy: the importance of phlebography in choosing the correct vein.

Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy can be considered an established procedure for the treatment of varicocele in paediatric age. Herein, we share our experience with this technique and its tricks. The choice of the spermatic vein should be very accurate during the Tauber procedure, and a correct intraoperative phlebography is mandatory to avoid complications.

Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy: the importance of phlebography in choosing the correct vein.

Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy can be considered an established procedure for the treatment of varicocele in pediatric age. Herein, we share our experience with this technique and its tricks. The choice of the spermatic vein should be very accurate during the Tauber procedure, and a correct intraoperative phlebography is mandatory to avoid complications.

Abuse of law as a prerequisite for the criminalization of a socially dangerous act

Within components of a crime, the abuse of law can be presented as a method or content of illegal behavior. The assessment of these circumstances in law lacks consistency, which necessitates their analysis in the context of general rules of criminalization. To optimize criminal and legal means of preventing the abuse of law, it is necessary: 1) to oppose general rules on the abuse of law in communication between private entities to general rules on responsibility for the abuse of law in interaction with state institutions; 2) to limit general rules on liability for the abuse of law to the violation of the established procedure for realizing subjective rights inherent in a person; 3) to assess such violations according to the rules applicable to the totality of the crimes committed if the consequences of the abuse of law exceed the danger of the abuse itself.

Discharge of obligation by an insolvent taxpayer on recovery of the amount of value-added tax in the context of ensuring public financial and economic interests

This article considers the problem of recovery of the amount of value-added tax by insolvent taxpayers in the context of ensuring public financial and economic interests. Analysis is conducted on the problem of whether taxpayers have obligation to recover the amount of value-added tax in terms of selling property during bankruptcy procedure, taking into account the established law enforcement practice and theoretical views on the topic. The subject of this research is the norms of tax law that regulate the obligation of insolvent taxpayers in recovery of the amount of value-added tax in terms of selling property during bankruptcy procedure. Such obligation of insolvent taxpayers is viewed with consideration of the need to ensure financial and economic interests of creditors of the debtor and public financial and economic interests. The author determines and substantiates the need for comparing fiscal interests with the financial and economic interests of creditors of the debtor, as well as public financial and economic interests in the context of implementation of norms of tax law to the discharge of tax obligations by insolvent taxpayers. It is established that the obligation of insolvent taxpayers to recover the amount of value-added tax significantly affects the financial and economic interests of creditors of the debtor. Based on the acquired results, the author offers to develop the position on the legislative level, according to which the obligation on recovery of the amount of value-added tax does not apply to taxpayers who are declared bankrupt in accordance with the established procedure, or the priority of payment of this tax can be lowered in case of objections of the interested parties.

Degradation of crumb rubber modified railway ballast under impact loading considering aggregate gradation and rubber size

Impact loads generated from the dynamic effect of passing trains can exacerbate the degradation level of ballast aggregate of railway track. To diminish the induced impact loads, the use of crumb rubber (CR) in the ballast course is characterized as a well-established procedure related to the modification of utilized material. Nonetheless, more in-depth assessments of size and percentage of CR particles combined with ballast aggregate are still required. The present study evaluates the influence of size and content of CR particles used for degradation reduction of ballast aggregate subjected to impact loading. For this purpose, a large-scale impact loading test is carried out on prepared specimens of aggregate by considering the initial gradation, subgrade condition, as well as the size and content of CR particles. The results indicate less ballast degradation for a higher percentage of CR particles. Meanwhile, the enhancement of rubber modified ballast against deterioration is further highlighted in the case of rigid subgrade. In addition, incorporation of larger-sized CR particles (12.5–25 mm) in a ballast specimen comprising more uniform gradation of aggregate can more effectively diminish the amount of degradation. Nevertheless, using smaller-sized CR particles (4.75–9.5 mm) for a ballast sample consisting of a broader range of sizes can better improve resistance against degradation.

SPECIALIST’S CONCLUSION AS A SOURCE OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL STATE

The article analyzes the essence of a specialist’s conclusion as a result of the use of special knowledge in the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses in order to determine his/her procedural consistency as a source of evidence in the investigation of criminal offenses. The results of the analysis substantiate the position regarding the inconsistency of the established procedure for obtaining and verifying the specialist’s conclusion as a source of evidence to the criteria that are presented with evidence in criminal proceedings. The authors conclude that it is advisable to perceive the expert’s conclusion as the only possible result of the use of special knowledge, which can act as a source of evidence in the investigation of both criminal offenses and crimes as well.

Directions and methods of educational work with convicts prone to systematic violation of the established procedure for serving a sentence

The article analyzes the features of the organization and conduct of educational work with convicts prone to violating the established procedure for serving the sentence. The author singles out the most common reasons for violation of the internal regulations of a correctional institution, identifies the main problems that negatively affect the effectiveness of the organization of educational work with this category of convicts, and suggests ways to increase its effectiveness. Key words: educational work, regime, convict, preventive registration, method, pedagogical process, internal regulations.