Effects of Post-véraison Water Deficit on ‘Pinot noir’ Yield and Nutrient Status in Leaves, Clusters, and Musts

‘Pinot noir’ grapevines were grown in a pot-in-pot system using a red-hill-soil where volumetric soil water content (θv) was carefully controlled. Four-year-old vines were supplied with one of two irrigation regimes (wet or dry) between véraison and fruit maturity and the experiment was repeated over 2 years. From véraison to harvest, vines in the wet treatment received irrigation whenever θv approached ≈15% maintaining leaf water potential (Ψleaf) above –1.0 MPa. Vines in the dry treatment received irrigation when θv approached 11% to 12% and experienced significant water stress (Ψleaf ≈–1.4 MPa) before water was re-supplied. Vines were destructively harvested at véraison and at fruit maturity to determine biomass and nutrient content in the current season’s above-ground tissues. Fruit yield, maturity indices, and must nutrient composition were measured at maturity. Irrigation did not influence vine growth in either year nor did it influence yield or fruit maturity indices. Irrigation also had no influence on leaf, whole cluster, or must mineral nutrient concentrations. Vine growth, yield, and nutrient status in leaves and musts varied by year. Vegetative growth was greater in 2007 than 2008, whereas yield and cluster weights were greater in 2008. Also in 2008, whole clusters obtained a greater proportion of dry matter and nutrients after véraison when differing irrigation treatments were imposed. Nonetheless, irrigation did not affect must chemical composition. These findings suggest that periodic post-véraison water deficits that are moderate to severe have little effect on berry nutrient and sugar accumulation in ‘Pinot noir’ cropped at typical levels for this variety.

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Leaf Blade versus Petiole Nutrient Tests as Predictors of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Status of ‘Pinot Noir’ Grapevines

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11405-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 174-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Paul Schreiner ◽

Carolyn F. Scagel

Keyword(s):

Leaf Blade ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Vine Growth ◽

Wide Range ◽

Using Data ◽

Response Variables

Grape growers rely on tissue tests of leaf blades or petioles for routine monitoring of vine nutritional health and for diagnosing potential nutrient deficiency or toxicity. There has been a long-standing debate as to which tissue better reflects the nutrient status of vines. A comparison of leaf blade and petiole nutrient concentrations was carried out to investigate which tissue better relates to vine growth, yield, and must nutrient responses of ‘Pinot noir’ grapevines to varying levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) supply using data from a pot-in-pot vineyard over 4 years. Leaf blades and petioles were collected at 50% bloom and 50% veraison in each year and N, P, and K concentrations were assessed as predictors of leaf area at veraison, pruning mass at dormancy, yield, and must nutrient concentrations at fruit maturity. Data from commercial ‘Pinot noir’ vineyards were also used to investigate the relationship between leaf blade and petiole N concentrations with must N levels. Results indicated that leaf blades were superior to petioles in predicting vine growth, yield, and must yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) responses across a wide range of vine N status at both sampling times. Leaf blade N was a better predictor than petiole N in predicting YAN using data sets from both the pot-in-pot vineyard and commercial vineyards. Relationships between leaf blade and petiole concentrations of P and K and vine response variables generally did not differ and both tissues appeared to be equally effective in predicting P and K effects on growth, yield, and must P or K levels. Although petiole P was slightly better than leaf blade P at bloom in predicting must P levels, and models including both leaf and petiole K simultaneously as predictors relied only on leaf K. For all three nutrients, sampling at bloom and veraison had a similar predictive strength for response variables. Based on these findings, we recommend using leaf blades as opposed to petioles for diagnosing the N, P, and K status of ‘Pinot noir’.

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Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Temperature Control on Plant Growth, Yield, and Mineral Content of Tomato Plants Grown Hydroponically

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.12.1470 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 1470-1477 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martin Makgose Maboko ◽

Isa Bertling ◽

Christian Phillipus Du Plooy

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Temperature Controlled

Mycorrhizal inoculation improves nutrient uptake in a range of host plants. Insufficient nutrient uptake by plants grown hydroponically is of major environmental and economic concern. Tomato seedlings, therefore, were treated with a mycorrhizal inoculant (Mycoroot™) at transplanting to potentially enhance nutrient uptake by the plant. Then seedlings were transferred to either a temperature-controlled (TC) or a non-temperature-controlled (NTC) tunnel and maintained using the recommended (100%) or a reduced (75% and 50%) nutrient concentration. Plants grown in the NTC tunnel had significantly poorer plant growth, lower fruit mineral concentration, and lower yield compared with fruit from plants in the TC tunnel. Leaves from plants in the NTC tunnel had higher microelement concentrations than those in the TC tunnel. Highest yields were obtained from plants fertigated with 75% of the recommended nutrient concentration, and not from the 100% nutrient concentration. Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) neither enhanced plant growth, nor yield, nor fruit mineral nutrient concentrations. However, temperature control positively affected the fruit Mn and Zn concentration in the TC tunnel following AMF application.

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Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.26.1.36 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 36-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lindsay M. Jordan ◽

Thomas Björkman ◽

Justine E. Vanden Heuvel

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cover Crops ◽

New York State ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Wine Grape ◽

Northeastern United States ◽

Vine Growth ◽

Herbicide Use

In the cool and humid climate of the northeastern United States, vegetation is typically maintained between the rows of wine grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyards, but the area directly beneath vines is conventionally kept bare using herbicides or cultivation, to reduce competition for water and nutrients. Yet with rising concerns of herbicide resistance, environmental contamination, and soil erosion, alternatives to maintaining bare ground in vineyards should be considered. In warmer and more arid climates, using cover crops as an alternative to bare soil has sometimes resulted in reduced vine growth and yields. In more cool and humid climates, like in the northeastern United States, where conditions can promote excessive vine growth, replacing bare soil with under-vine cover crops was hypothesized to improve vine growth characteristics and fruit quality from reducing excessive vigor. This study compared three annual under-vine cover crops of resident vegetation (RES), buckwheat (BW) (Fagopyrum esculentum), and annual ryegrass (ARG) (Lolium multiflorum), planted in the 1-m-wide strip directly under vines at the start of each growing season, against the conventional weed-free under-vine row maintained with glyphosate. The experiment was established in 2011 and repeated in 2012 and 2013 in a 20-year-old block of ‘Riesling’ wine grapes (clone 198 on S04 rootstock) in a commercial vineyard in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. Harvested grapes were fermented in duplicate using standard white wine procedures. Among the four under-vine treatments, no significant differences were found in measures of vegetative growth, yield, petiole nutrient concentrations at veraison, or predawn and midday stem water potentials. Under-vine treatments were not found to significantly affect soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and nutrient concentrations. Juice characteristics were also not significantly different among treatments. In this study, the mature vines in this rain-fed ‘Riesling’ vineyard likely had a well-developed and extensive rooting system that was able to overcome any competition effects for water or nutrients from the comparatively shallow root systems of the annually established cover crops. Without any induced competition in the conditions of this study, under-vine cover crops had no effects on vine growth, yield, or juice characteristics when compared with conventional herbicide use in the under-vine row. When multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was used to determine differences in aroma among wine treatment replicates, treatments were found to significantly impact the perceived aromatic properties of the wines, even though no measures of growth or juice characteristics were affected. Using under-vine vegetation may be a viable alternative to conventional herbicide use for vineyard floor management in mature wine grape vineyards in cool and humid climates.

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Seasonal Variation in Mineral Nutrient Content of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Leaves

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.4.540 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 540-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bernadine C. Strik

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Plant Nutrient ◽

Green Fruit ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leaf Sampling ◽

Fruit Stage

Primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) cultivars, Prime-Jan® and Prime-Jim®, grown only for a primocane crop, were studied for 2 years to evaluate whether this type of blackberry should be sampled at a certain stage of development or time of season to best evaluate plant nutrient status. Leaves were sampled every 2 weeks from a primocane height of ≈0.75 m in spring through fruit harvest in autumn and were analyzed to determine concentration of macro- and micronutrients. Primocanes were summer pruned at 1.4 m, by hedging to a height of 1.0 m, to induce branching, a standard commercial practice. Leaf nutrient concentration was related to stage of primocane growth and development and whether the leaves originated on the main cane or on the branches that resulted from summer pruning. Nutrient concentration of leaves sampled on the main primocane from early growth in spring until early branch growth in summer was significantly affected by cultivar, year, and week for most nutrients. When leaf sampling occurred on the older leaves of the main cane (for 4 weeks after hedging), the concentration of Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Mn, and Al increased, likely a result of the relative immobility of most of these nutrients. When samples were taken on primocane branches, leaf N, Mg, S, B (2009 only), Fe, Mn, Cu (2009 only), Zn, and Al concentrations did not differ between samples taken 6–8 weeks after summer pruning or hedging. Leaf K and Ca were more stable when sampling was done from weeks 8 to 10 (early bloom to green/early red fruit). There was a significant difference in leaf P among all weeks sampled during this period. A sample date corresponding to early green fruit stage (week 8) would thus likely provide the best compromise for assessing plant nutrient status in this crop. During this stage of development the nutrient concentrations measured for both cultivars and years, were within the present recommended nutrient sufficiency levels for other blackberry and raspberry crops for all except leaf K and P which were below current standards. The results suggest leaf sampling primocane-fruiting blackberry at the early green fruit stage (about 8 weeks after summer pruning) rather than a particular calendar date. The present leaf sufficiency range for P and K may need to be lowered for this crop. In addition, sampling cultivars separately for tissue analysis would still be advised to better manage nutrient programs.

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Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Growth, Yield, Berry Quality, and Petiole Mineral Nutrient Concentrations of Table Grape

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904160601172031 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 463-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mohammad E. Amiri ◽

Esmaeil Fallahi

Keyword(s):

Growth Yield ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Table Grape ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Berry Quality

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Seasonal Variation in Mineral Nutrient Concentration of Primocane and Floricane Leaves in Trailing, Erect, and Semierect Blackberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11965-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 836-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bernadine C. Strik ◽

Amanda J. Vance

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Late Season ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Fruit Harvest ◽

Leaf P ◽

Leaf N

Floricane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) cultivars, ‘Marion’, ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Onyx’, ‘Columbia Star’ (early-season trailing types), ‘Ouachita’ (erect, midseason), and ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Chester Thornless’ (semierect, late season) were studied for 2 years to determine whether these cultivars and types of blackberry should be sampled at a certain stage of development or time of season to best evaluate plant nutrient status. Leaf nutrient standards are based on primocane leaves in most countries, but there is interest in using floricane leaves. Primocane leaves were sampled every 2 weeks from late May through early October, whereas leaves on fruiting laterals (floricane) were sampled every 2 weeks from early May through fruit harvest. Leaves were analyzed to determine the concentration of macronutrients and micronutrients. The pattern of change in primocane leaf nutrient concentration varied between the trailing and the later-fruiting erect and semierect types, particularly for P, K, Ca, Mg, B, and Mn, where leaf levels were higher in the late season for the erect and semierect cultivars (except for P and K which were lower). Nutrient concentrations in floricane leaves decreased during growth and development of the lateral and fruiting season for N, P, K, and S, but increased for most other nutrients in all blackberry types. Floricane leaf N and K declined most rapidly during the fruit development period in all cultivars. Sampling of floricane leaves is not recommended, particularly for trailing types, as there are no sufficiency standards. In primocane leaves, the nutrients that did not show significant changes in concentration during the currently recommended sampling period of late July to early August were N, Mg, K, Ca, S, B, Mn, and Zn, but only in 2014. Leaf P, Fe, and Al were stable during this period in both years. In contrast, when sampling in mid to late August, leaf N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Al were stable in both years and leaf K, Ca, S, B, Cu, and Zn were stable in one of the 2 years. We thus propose changing the recommended sampling time to mid to late August for these diverse blackberry cultivars. The current sufficiency standards for primocanes did not encompass the blackberry types and cultivars studied here, suggesting the standards may need to be revised for this region.

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Effects of iron nano-complex and Fe-EDDHA on bioactive compounds and nutrient status of purslane plants

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2017-0028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 411-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vahid Tavallali

Keyword(s):

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Iron Complex ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Control Group ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Medicinal Crops

Abstract Nanoparticles serve as a new fertilization method utilised in agriculture, and their potential effect on medicinal crops has been mainly unexplored. In the present study, using ultrasonic irradiations, a novel nano-sized iron complex has been prepared from aminolevulinic acid and iron (III) nitrate under greenhouse conditions. The obtained Fe nano-sized energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy complex has been characterized by two methods, i.e. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and spectra. The morphology and size of the nano-complex were also determined using transmission electron micrographs and showed an acceptable size in the nano range (5-25 nm). In this work, purslane plants were supplied with Fe (III)-aminolevulinic acid asa new nano-sized complex and Fe-EDDHA. The mineral nutrient concentrations, total phenolic, ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activity were the highest in the plants treated with the Fe-ALA nano-complex. Catechin was the predominant phenolic compound in all treated plants. The Fe nano-complex at the rate of 0.2% induced extra high-value phenolic compounds. The shoot Fe, Zn, N, Mg, Ca and K contents were also higher in the plants treated with the Fe nano-complex than in both the control group and the plants treated with Fe-EDDHA. In general, the nutritional and pharmaceutical quality of Portulaca oleracea L. improved when using the nano-sized Fe-ALA complex as a new iron source.

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Winter Production of Asian Leafy Greens in High Tunnels Using Biodegradable Mulches

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7110454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 454

Author(s):

Tongyin Li ◽

Geoffrey T. Lalk ◽

Qianwen Zhang ◽

Zhiheng Xing ◽

Guihong Bi

Keyword(s):

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

High Tunnel ◽

High Tunnels

Use of season extension tools such as high tunnels and diverse vegetable crops have been crucial in improving competitiveness of vegetable growers in Mississippi who operate on small- to medium-sized farms. Chinese cabbage, also known as pak choy or bok choy, has become increasingly popular due to numerous cultivar choices, fast maturity, high productivity, tolerance for frost, and its potential use for winter production in high tunnels in a subtropical climate. Five Chinese cabbage cultivars including ‘Asian Delight’, ‘Black Summer’, ‘Red Pac’, ‘Rosie’, and ‘Tokyo Bekana’ were evaluated for plant growth, yield, and mineral nutrient concentrations when grown with three types of biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) and one polyethylene (PE, or plastic) mulch in a high tunnel in two experiments from 30 October 2019 to 18 March 2020. The five tested cultivars varied in plant height, widths, leaf SPAD, fresh and dry plant weights, marketable yield, and macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations. ‘Tokyo Bekana’ produced the highest marketable yield and fresh and dry plant weights in both experiments. The three BDMs resulted in similar marketable yield and mineral nutrients in tested cultivars and similar temperatures of leaf, mulch, and substrate compared to the PE mulch. The high tunnel provides a viable way for the winter production of selected Chinese cabbage cultivars in a subtropical climate with possible different yields between production cycles due to varying microenvironment in those months.

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