scholarly journals Effects of Foliar Sulfur Sprays on Pecan Independent of Pecan Scab Control

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenny Wells ◽  
Jason Brock ◽  
Tim Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Scab Control ◽  
Pecan Scab ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
S Application ◽  
Tissue Nitrogen ◽  
Foliar S ◽  
Foliar Urea

Many commercial pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] producers routinely spray foliar urea and sulfur (S) in combination with their fungicide sprays, despite very little information available in the scientific literature regarding the effects of these practices on pecan production. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of foliar application of elemental S and urea, alone and in combination, on pecan leaf tissue nitrogen (N) and S concentration, pecan nut quality, leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), and pecan scab control. Foliar S sprays increased pecan nut weight over the control in 2 of 3 years of study. Pecan nut weight was unaffected by foliar urea sprays compared with the control, but nut weight was lower for foliar urea sprays compared with foliar S sprays in the first 2 years of study. Neither foliar S nor urea sprays affected pecan scab incidence or severity. Foliar S sprays failed to increase leaf S concentration throughout the study. Pecan leaf N and leaf S concentrations were lower in the foliar urea treatment than in the control and foliar S treatments during the initial year of study; however, no treatment differences were observed for urea after Year 1. Foliar S application enhanced LCI in 2011 and 2012. Leaf chlorophyll index was also increased by the combination of foliar urea and S in 2012. These results suggest that foliar S sprays may provide pecan producers with a tool with which to maximize nut size and increase the profitability of their crop.

scholarly journals Productivity and Quality Responses of Salt-Stressed Roses to Supplemental Calcium

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Alma R. Solís-Pérez ◽  
Raul I. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
Supplemental Calcium ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Plants of Rosa × spp. L. ‘Happy Hour’ grafted on the rootstocks R. × ‘Manetti’ and R. × ‘Natal Briar’ were salinized with 12 mM NaCl and received supplemental calcium (Ca) applications (as CaSO4) of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mM. Additional plants were salinized with 6 mM Na2SO4 and supplemented with 5 mM CaSO4 and compared to non-salinized, no supplemental Ca control plants. Cumulative flowers harvested, shoot length and leaf chlorophyll index were similar for both rootstocks across salt treatments, but Manetti plants had higher dry weights in flowers and most plant tissues except roots. Productivity and water relations in NaCl-salinized plants were not responsive to supplemental Ca. Conversely, calcium-supplemented plants salinized with Na2SO4 had better productivity and quality than those with NaCl, and were similar to non-stressed control plants. Salt injury symptoms were evident only on NaCl-treated plants, regardless of Ca supplements, and closely associated with chloride, but not sodium, accumulation, in leaf tissues. The extent of the ameliorative properties of supplemental calcium applications on salinized rose plants is influenced by the salinity level, the chemical composition of the salinizing solution (major ions and counter-ions) and the cultivar (scion) and rootstock selection.

Prevention of Flower Abortion and Leaf Damages in Anemone coronaria by Ca Supplements

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Nirit Bernstein ◽  
Mollie Sacks ◽  
Piny Snir ◽  
Rivka Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Calcium Supply ◽  
Leaf Necrosis

Ca deficiencies induce a range of physiological disorders in plants. The disorders typically appear in young growing tissues that are characterized by high demand for Ca and restricted Ca supply due to low transpiration. In this study, we examined the effect of supplementing Ca by foliar spray and through the irrigation solution to Anemone coronaria plants, in order to evaluate if flower abortions and leaf damages that appear in the production fields are related to Ca deficiencies. With the goal to develop a preventive nutritional regime, four Ca treatments were evaluated. The supplemented Ca was applied with the fertigation solution in the concentrations of 60 or 110 ppm Ca; with the 60 ppm application an additional application of Ca by foliar application was tested in concentrations of 3 g/l Ca or 6 g/l Ca, as Ca(NO3)2. The plants were cultivated in a net-house, in soilless culture (Tuff) beds. Application of 110 ppm Ca compared to 60 ppm with the fertilizing solution increased the concentration of Ca in the leaf tissue, resulting in an increase in the quantity and quality of the flowers. Calcium supply by foliar spray, at both 3 g/l or 6 g/l Ca(NO3)2 caused leaf necrosis and did not improve yield production. Application of 110 ppm Ca reduced the concentrations of Mn, Cl and Na in the leaves. Application of Ca in the irrigation solution, or by foliar spray, did not reduce the percentage of non-marketable flowers. The identified lower concentrations of Ca in damaged compared to non-damaged leaves on the flower stem suggests that the damages to the flowers and the leaves is related to local deficiencies of Ca.

Role of sulphur conferring differential tolerance to iron deficiency in Pisum sativum

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Kabir ◽  
Nicholas G. Paltridge ◽  
James Stangoulis
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Proton Extrusion ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Growth Features

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of sulphur foliar spray and S deprivation on Fe deficiency responses in two contrasting pea genotypes, Santi (tolerant) and Parafield (sensitive). Foliar application of sulphur enhanced morphological growth features, leaf chlorophyll score and root Fe chelate reductase activity predominantly in Santi and to a lesser extent in Parafield. These capacities eventually contribute to the higher Fe deficiency tolerance in Santi. These results are also important in terms of ameliorating Fe deficiency effects in peas through S foliar spray. Further, targeted investigation was performed on S deprivation in Santi and Parafield. S deprivation caused severe stunting, chlorosis and wrinkling in leaves and caused decrease in leaf Fe concentrations both in Santi and Parafield under Fe deficiency. S deprivation also led to a significant decrease in Fe chelate reductase and proton extrusion activities in both genotypes in Fe shortage. We conclude that S deficiency exacerbates Fe deficiency in peas by preventing the induction of the Fe chelate reductase activity and proton extrusion in roots. Taken together, these data confirm that Fe deficiency symptom expression and the Fe deficiency responses in peas are largely determined by S nutritional status.

Effects of different sources and rates of sulphur on the growth and foliar nutrition of nitrogen-fertilized lodgepole pine

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Brockley
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
S Application ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Foliar S

The effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, alone and in combination with different sources and rates of sulphur (S), on foliar nutrients and tree growth are reported over 3 and 6 years, respectively. After 3 years, foliar S levels in the N+S treatments were significantly higher than those in N-only treatments at all six study locations. Temporal patterns of foliar S response varied significantly with S source. When applied as ammonium sulphate (AS), foliar levels increased sharply in year 1 and slowly declined over the next 2 years. Conversely, additions of elemental S (S0), in the form of S0 – sodium bentonite fertilizer, usually did not increase foliar S concentration in year 1, but had increasingly positive effects on foliar S in years 2 and 3. An increase in the S application rate from 50 to 100 kg/ha resulted in only a modest improvement in foliar S concentration for both S sources. Differences in individual-tree basal area increment between N and N+S treatments were statistically significant in only two of six trials. Prefertilization levels of foliar N and sulphate S, and probable induced deficiencies of nonadded nutrients following N fertilization, largely explained basal area and height responses to N and N+S additions at the six study sites. Despite delayed oxidation, S0 was as effective as the more readily available AS in stimulating radial growth after 6 years. However, the relative effectiveness of S source varied with S application rate in two trials. In both cases, basal area increment was positively related to application rate when S was applied as AS. Conversely, the effect of application rate was distinctly negative when S0 was applied. Despite large differences in short-term availability of AS and S0, the results from this study support the conclusion that the two S sources are likely equally effective in alleviating S deficiencies and in promoting tree growth of S-deficient lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.).

EFFECTS OF BORON AND CALCIUM SPRAYS AND OF MULCH ON CRACKING OF ITALIAN PRUNE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. CLINE ◽  
G. TEHRANI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fruit Surface

Cracking, a disorder of the fruit of Prunus domestica L., cult Italian (Fellenberg) (Italian prune), occurs on any part of the fruit surface and over a wide range of stage of fruit development. Several treatments were examined to reduce the extent of this disorder in five commercial orchards in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. Foliar application of calcium reduced the severity of cracking in several orchards. Cracking was related to the calcium concentration in the fruit but not in the leaf tissue. A mulch applied to conserve soil moisture, or foliar sprays of boron, or both, were unsuccessful in preventing this disorder. The severity of cracking varied from orchard to orchard and year to year and was not related to weather conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen levels via fertigation and irrigation depths in the arugula culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Soares Silva ◽  
Luiz Fabiano Palaretti ◽  
Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho ◽  
Yane Freitas da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

ABSTRACT In vegetables, especially the leafy ones, nitrogen (N) and water are essential in its growth, being N the second most absorbed and identified nutrient in the arugula leaf tissue. Water is essential for horticultural crops, so its use must be rational in order to achieve high yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels and irrigation depths on the productive characteristics, the total leaf chlorophyll index (ICF) and nitrogen contents in the arugula culture. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design subdivided in plots, with two factors: A) nitrogen levels applied in coverage (25, 50, 100, 125 and 150 mg dm-3) and B) irrigation depths [(50 and 100% of the available water capacity (AWC)]. At harvest, 37 days after transplantation (DAT), we observed a significant effect of the treatments when individually analyzed, and also a significant interaction between factors of the analyzed variables. The nitrogen content in the plant showed no effect for irrigation depths. However, the highest content was found in the level of 129 mg dm-3 (27.8 g kg-1), corresponding to an increase of 26% in relation to the lowest level (25 mg dm-3; 22.07 g kg-1). In conclusion, the supply of 150 mg dm-3 nitrogen and full irrigation management (100% of AWC) provided substantial increase in height, leaf area and fresh mass of aerial part of the plant.

scholarly journals Response of ‘Desirable’ and ‘Kiowa’ Pecan to a Late-spring Freeze

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lenny Wells
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

This study was established to assess the effects of a severe late spring freeze on flowering, shoot growth, leaf nutrient status, and the retention of fruit developing from secondary buds of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch]. Freeze damage appears to have a significant influence on pecan physiology and fruit retention. ‘Desirable’ produced a crop of pistillate flowers from secondary buds after the freeze; however, many of these flowers were abnormal in appearance. Freeze-damaged ‘Desirable’ trees exhibited shorter shoots, reduced flower and fruit retention, a lower chlorophyll index, and decreased leaf nitrogen concentration compared with nondamaged trees. Leaf zinc concentration was higher in freeze-injured ‘Desirable’ trees than in nondamaged trees. Freeze-damaged ‘Kiowa’ trees had longer shoots and failed to produce a crop of pistillate flowers from secondary buds on most shoots. Freeze damage led to the appearance of mouse-ear leaf symptoms and reduced leaf chlorophyll index, leaf nitrogen, and leaf magnesium concentrations in ‘Kiowa’. Leaf phosphorous and leaf potassium concentrations were higher in freeze-injured ‘Kiowa’ trees than in nondamaged trees. These observations provide insight into the potential response of bearing orchard trees injured by a late spring freeze.

scholarly journals Effects of the Fall Foliar Urea Application on N Reserves and Fruiting Performance of Gala/M26 Apple Trees in Pot-in-Pot System

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 796A-796
Author(s):  
Pinghai Ding* ◽  
Minggang Cui ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Foliar Urea

Reserve nitrogen is an important factor for plant growth and fruiting performance in tree fruit crops. The fall foliar urea application appears to be an efficient method for increasing N reserves. The effect of fall foliar urea application on N reserves and fruiting performance were studied with four year old `Gala'/M26 trees grown in 20 gallon containers in a pot-in-pot system from 2001 to 2003 at the Lewis-Brown Horticulture Farm of Oregon State Univ.. The trees were either sprayed with 0 or 2 times 3% urea after harvest in October. Shoot and spur samples were taken at the dormant season for reserve N analysis. Fruit performance was recorded in the following growing season. The fall foliar application significantly increased spur N reserve and had the trend to increase shoot N reserve but not significantly. The fall foliar application significantly increased tree fruit set and cluster fruit set. With normal fruit thinning, fall foliar urea application has the trend to increase both tree yield and average fruit size; without fruit thinning, fall foliar urea application has the trend to increase tree yield. These results indicate that fall foliar urea application an effective method to increase reserve N for maintaining tree yield.

scholarly journals 310 Lowbush Blueberry Response to Soil- or Foliar-applied Zinc Fertilizers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 496B-496
Author(s):  
J.M. Smagula ◽  
W. Litten ◽  
S. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in two commercial fields were treated with a preemergent soil application of ZnSO4 at 0.34 g Zn/m2 or a prune-year or crop-year foliar application of Zintrac (1.76 g Zn/L) in a RCB design with five treatments and nine blocks, using 1.5 x 15-m treatment plots. Prune-year foliar Zintrac treatments were applied 20 June and 30 June at 53.8 mL·m-2 or 20 June at 107.6 mL·m-2. A crop-year application of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m-2 was made on 26 June at only one location. Composite leaf tissue samples taken 14 July of the prune year indicated that two applications of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m-2 raised Zn concentrations at both locations more than a single application at twice the rate. Soil application of ZnSO4 did not raise leaf Zn concentrations compared to the control at either location. Crop-year leaf samples taken 6 July at the site that received the crop-year foliar treatment indicated no carryover effect of prune-year Zn treatments on leaf Zn concentration, but crop-year foliar application of Zn from Zintrac did raise leaf Zn concentrations compared to the controls. The characteristics of stems sampled in the fall of the prune year at each location (stem density, stem length, flower bud formation) were not meaningfully affected by any of the prune-year treatments. Blueberry yield was not affected by any of the treatments at either location. These data suggest that control plot leaf Zn concentrations of about 15 ppm in both fields were adequate. Raising the leaf Zn concentrations to about 80 ppm with two applications of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m -2 had no effect on growth or yield.

scholarly journals Pilot Cultivation of the Local Endemic Cretan Marjoram Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Vogel (Lamiaceae): Effect of Fertilizers on Growth and Herbal Quality Features

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Konstantinos Paschalidis ◽  
Georgios Tsaniklidis ◽  
Vasileios A. Tzanakakis ◽  
Fotis Bilias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Antioxidant Compound ◽  
Local Endemic ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Wild phytogenetic resources are threatened by overexploitation. This pressure on species and natural ecosystems can be alleviated in part by recruiting and domesticating wild-growing species under pilot cultivation with tailor-made fertilization schemes. This study focused on the pilot cultivation of Origanum microphyllum—a critically endangered local endemic plant of Crete, Greece—investigating the effect of conventional and integrated nutrient management (ΙΝΜ) fertilizers by foliar or root application and biostimulant. Above-ground biomass together with leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and color (SPAD meter, DA meter, Chroma Meter) were determined. Leaf chlorophyll, antioxidant compound (carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids), and nutrient contents were also assessed. The results showed that fertilization did not significantly affect plant growth and leaf nutrient content. Root fertilization was associated with greener leaves compared to foliar. The same trend was generally evident for antioxidant compound content. The small size of leaves may have impeded the efficiency of the foliar application. In conclusion, root application of conventional or INM fertilizers seems more suitable to promote visual quality and herbal antioxidant profile of O. microphyllum, than the foliar one.

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