310 Lowbush Blueberry Response to Soil- or Foliar-applied Zinc Fertilizers

Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in two commercial fields were treated with a preemergent soil application of ZnSO4 at 0.34 g Zn/m2 or a prune-year or crop-year foliar application of Zintrac (1.76 g Zn/L) in a RCB design with five treatments and nine blocks, using 1.5 x 15-m treatment plots. Prune-year foliar Zintrac treatments were applied 20 June and 30 June at 53.8 mL·m-2 or 20 June at 107.6 mL·m-2. A crop-year application of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m-2 was made on 26 June at only one location. Composite leaf tissue samples taken 14 July of the prune year indicated that two applications of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m-2 raised Zn concentrations at both locations more than a single application at twice the rate. Soil application of ZnSO4 did not raise leaf Zn concentrations compared to the control at either location. Crop-year leaf samples taken 6 July at the site that received the crop-year foliar treatment indicated no carryover effect of prune-year Zn treatments on leaf Zn concentration, but crop-year foliar application of Zn from Zintrac did raise leaf Zn concentrations compared to the controls. The characteristics of stems sampled in the fall of the prune year at each location (stem density, stem length, flower bud formation) were not meaningfully affected by any of the prune-year treatments. Blueberry yield was not affected by any of the treatments at either location. These data suggest that control plot leaf Zn concentrations of about 15 ppm in both fields were adequate. Raising the leaf Zn concentrations to about 80 ppm with two applications of Zintrac at 53.8 mL·m -2 had no effect on growth or yield.

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Lowbush Blueberry Response to Different Phosphorus/Nitrogen Ratios

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.529d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 529d-529

Author(s):

J.M. Smagula ◽

W. Litten ◽

S. Dunham

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Length ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Flower Bud ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Triple Super Phosphate ◽

Leaf P

Lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) in three commercial fields were treated with 67.2 kg P/ha from triple super phosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), or diammonium phosphate (DAP) and compared to a control in a randomized complete-block design with 12 blocks. Correction of P deficiency by fertilizers with different ratios of P to N was assessed by leaf nutrient concentrations. Samples of stems collected in July from three 0.03-m2 quadrats per treatment plot indicated MAP and DAP had no effect on dry weight of stem tissue, but increased average dry weight of leaf tissue. P and N Leaf concentrations were raised to higher levels by MAP and DAP than by TSP. TSP had no effect on leaf N concentrations but raised leaf P concentrations compared to controls. Stem length, flower buds per stem and flower bud density were increased by both MAP and DAP, but not TSP. MAP and DAP increased fruit yield by about 340 kg/ha compared to the control.

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623 Lowbush Blueberry Response to Phosphorus Fertilizers with Different P: N Ratios

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.504e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 504E-504

Author(s):

John M. Smagula ◽

Walter Litten ◽

Scott Dunham

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Stem Length ◽

Stem Density ◽

N Availability ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Soil P ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

History Of ◽

Foliar Concentration ◽

Leaf P

In three commercial fields with a history of low leaf P concentrations, triple super phosphate (TSP) (1 P: 0 N), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (2.1 P: 1 N), and diammonium phosphate (DAP) (1.11 P: 1 N) with P at 67.2 kg·ha-1 were compared to a control in a randomized complete-block design with 12 blocks. In 1995, all fertilizer treatments were comparable in raising soil P concentrations, but MAP and DAP resulted in higher P leaf concentrations compared to the control. DAP was more effective than MAP in raising N leaf concentrations. Leaf concentrations of Mg, B, and Cu were lowered by MAP and DAP but not TSP. Stem density, stem length, flower buds per stem, flower bud density, and yield were raised by DAP. The same treatments were applied in May 1997 and in May 1999 to the same plots in the same fields. In 1997, by the time of tip dieback in the prune year of that cycle, foliar concentration of P and N averaged higher than in the previous cycle, but still were not up to the standard for N. Fruit yield for the second cycle averaged substantially higher for the controls and for all three treatments, most dramatically for the DAP. In 1999, with only two fields available, response to treatments depended on soil N availability. At the field where leaf N was lower in control plots, MAP and DAP were more effective than TSP in raising leaf P.

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Effect of Soil and Foliar Silicon Application on the Reduction of Zinc Toxicity in Wheat

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 522 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Zajaczkowska ◽

Jolanta Korzeniowska ◽

Urszula Sienkiewicz-Cholewa

Keyword(s):

Sodium Silicate ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Zinc Toxicity ◽

Soil Application ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Drastic Increase ◽

Applied Dose ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Si Content

The aim of the study was to compare soil and foliar application of Si to relieve stress in wheat caused by excess Zn in the soil. Two pot experiments were carried out in which the soil was contaminated with zinc sulphate at the dose of 600 mg kg−1 Zn before sowing. Si was applied in the soil in the following doses 200 mg kg−1 and 400 mg kg−1 Si and as foliar spraying in concentrations 2 mM L−1 and 6 mM L−1 Si in the form of sodium silicate. The applied dose of Zn was toxic to wheat and caused a significant decrease in the biomass of shoots and roots. Soil application of Si reduced the negative effect of Zn on plants and significantly increased the biomass of the tested organs. The foliar application of Si did not reduce the decrease of plant biomass. Soil contamination with Zn caused a drastic increase in Zn concentration in shoots and roots, while Si applied in the soil significantly decreased this concentration. The increase in soil pH, which was caused by sodium silicate, also affected the decrease in Zn concentration in plants. The plants absorbed Si applied to the soil, which is indicated by an increase in the Si content in shoots compared to the control. In the case of foliar spraying, only a higher dose of Si increased its concentration in the plants. The application of Si in the soil, in contrast to foliar application, reduced the transfer of Zn from roots to shoots. The higher effectiveness of soil application of Si than foliar application in alleviating the toxicity of Zn was associated with both an increase in pH and a higher uptake of Si by plants.

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Comparative Response of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Orange Trees to Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilization under Microsprinkler Irrigation

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10100489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 489

Author(s):

Qudus O. Uthman ◽

Davie M. Kadyampakeni ◽

Peter Nkedi-Kizza ◽

Neriman T. Barlas ◽

Alisheikh A. Atta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soil Application ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Canopy Volume ◽

Application Methods ◽

N Rates

Nitrogen and micronutrients have a key role in many citrus plant enzyme reactions. Although enough micronutrients may be present in the soil, deficiency can develop due to soil depletion or the formation of insoluble compounds. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the adsorption, distribution, and availability of Zn in a sandy soil; (2) compare the effectiveness of foliar and soil application methods of Zn on Huanglongbing [HLB] affected trees; (3) compare foliar application rates of Zn for HLB-affected trees; (4) determine the effect of N rates on yield, soil inorganic N distribution patterns, and tree growth parameters. Tree rows were supplied with three N rates of 168, 224 and 280 kg·N·ha−1 and Zn at single and double recommended rates (recommended rate = 5.6 kg·Zn·ha−1) using foliar and soil application methods, in a split-plot experimental design. The results show that Zn concentration in the 0–15 cm soil depth was three times higher than the 30–45 and 45–60 cm soil depths during the study. An adsorption study revealed high Zn (KD = 6.5) sorption coefficients at 0–15 cm soil depth, while 30–45 and 45–60 cm depths showed little sorption. Leaf Zn concentration for foliar spray was two times higher than the soil application method. A nitrogen level of 224 kg N ha−1 improved canopy volume when compared to other N levels at the expense of reduced fruit weight. Foliar Zn application at 5.6 or 11.2 kg ha−1 and N rate at 224 kg ha−1 appear to be adequate for improving the performance of HLB-affected citrus trees.

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Effect of Soil and Foliar Applications of Micronutrients on Flowering and Yield of Mango

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v8i01.19562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

H L KACHA ◽

H C PATEL ◽

D R PARADAVA

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Soil Application ◽

Mango Tree ◽

Randomized Design ◽

And Control ◽

Bud Initiation ◽

Horticultural Research ◽

Control Water

The experiment was carried out during the spring and summer seasons of the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the Horticultural Research Farm, AAU, Anand to study the “Effect of soil and foliar applications of micronutrients on flowering and yield of mango variety”. The experimentcomprised of 13 treatments of different micronutrients application viz. FeSO4 100 g, ZnSO4 100 g, Borax 100 g and multimicronutrients grade-V 400 g as a soil application; FeSO4 0.5 %, ZnSO4 0.5 %, borax 0.2 % and multimicronutrients grade-IV 1.0 % as a foliar application and its combinassions and control (water spray). Soil application was done at second fortnight of September and foliar sprays of treatments were done at flower bud initiation, full bloom stage and pea stage initiationon 18 years old mango tree cv. Mallika. Experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three repetitions. Numbers of staminate, hermaphrodite and total number of flowers per panicle were found significant with respect to various micronutrients treatments during both the years of experiment. Maximum staminate flowers per panicle, hermaphrodite flowers per panicle and total number of flowers per panicle was found with soil application of multimicronutrients grade-V 400 g followed by foliar application of multimicronutrients grade-IV 1.0 % during both the years of study. The significantly higher number of fruits, average fruit weight and fruit yield per tree were recorded with soil application of multimicronutrients grade-V 400 g followed by foliar application of multimicronutrients grade-IV 1.0 % during the years 2017-18 and 2018-19.

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THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE, AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM AIT.)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b61-151 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1733-1739 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

I. V. Hall ◽

R. A. Ludwig

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Photoperiodic Response ◽

Day Length ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Bud Formation ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Flower Bud Formation ◽

Field And Laboratory Conditions

A study of the effect of environmental factors on the growth and development of the lowbush blueberry was carried out using clonally propagated plants. In a preliminary study a definite photoperiodic response was found. Under 8-hour days flower buds were formed and no vegetative growth occurred. Under 16-hour days vegetative growth resulted and no flower bud formation occurred. In a replicated greenhouse experiment, seven clones produced flower buds with 8-, 10-, and 12-hour days, but produced none with 14- or 16-hour days. One clone produced flower buds with 8-, 10,- 12-, and 14-, but none with 16-hour days. Two clones were able to produce flower buds under all five photoperiods. Under 8- and 10- hour photoperiods no vegetative growth occurred. Under 12, 14, and 16 hours progressively more vegetative growth occurred. In an experiment on the interaction of temperature and photoperiod, vegetative growth was significantly greater at 70° F than at 50° F with the differences being accentuated by day length. Flower bud formation occurred with 11- and 13-hour photoperiods regardless of temperature, but was more pronounced at the higher temperatures. At 70° F, 15-hour photoperiod, no flower buds were formed while at 50° F, 15 hours, three clones produced no flower buds and six clones produced an abnormal type of inflorescence. Similar abnormal inflorescences were produced by giving plants 2, 3, or 4 weeks of 8-hour days. Six weeks of 8-hour days was sufficient to initiate normal inflorescences. Shade, provided by two layers of cheesecloth, significantly reduced the number of flower buds compared with full sunlight. The growth of the lowbush blueberry under field and laboratory conditions is discussed in relation to environmental factors.

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EFFECT OF METHOD AND DATE OF PRUNING ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRIES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-121 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 813-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ERIC J. HANSON ◽

AMR. A. ISMAIL ◽

ROLAND A. STRUCHTEMEYER

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Growing Season ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) plants were pruned mechanically by flail mowing, or thermally by oil burning in the spring or fall. The pruning treatments had no effect on soil organic matter or pH. Leaf tissue samples taken from burned plants the first growing season after pruning were higher in N and P, but lower in Ca than leaf samples from mowed plants. Leaf tissue samples taken the second growing season following pruning were not influenced by treatments.

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Soil-application of Zinc-EDTA Increases Leaf Photosynthesis of Immature ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs03938-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 142 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard J. Heerema ◽

Dawn VanLeeuwen ◽

Marisa Y. Thompson ◽

Joshua D. Sherman ◽

Mary J. Comeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Growing Season ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Soil Application ◽

Zn Concentration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Soil Zn

Zinc deficiency is common in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) grown in alkaline, calcareous soils. Zinc (Zn)-deficient pecan leaves exhibit interveinal chlorosis, decreased leaf thickness, and reduced photosynthetic capacity. Low photosynthesis (Pn) contributes to restricted vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting of Zn-deficient pecan trees. Our objectives were to measure effects of soil-applied ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated Zn fertilizer on gas exchange of immature ‘Wichita’ pecan and characterize the relationship between leaf Zn concentration and Pn. The study orchard had alkaline and calcareous soils and was planted in Spring 2011. Zinc was applied throughout each growing season as Zn EDTA through microsprinklers at rates of 0 (Control), 2.2, or 4.4 kg·ha−1 Zn. Leaf gas exchange and SPAD were measured on one occasion in the 2012 growing season, four in 2013, and five in 2014. Soil Zn-EDTA applications significantly increased the leaf tissue Zn concentration throughout the study. On all measurement occasions, net Pn was significantly increased by soil-applied Zn EDTA compared with the control, but Pn was not different between the two soil-applied Zn-EDTA treatments. Leaf Pn in midseason did not increase at leaf tissue Zn concentrations above 14–22 mg·kg−1. Leaf SPAD consistently followed a similar pattern to Pn. Soil Zn-EDTA application increased leaf stomatal conductance (gS) compared with the Control early through midseason but not after August. Intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly lower for Zn-EDTA-treated trees than the Control even on dates when there was no significant difference in gs, which suggests that soil application of Zn-EDTA alleviated nonstomatal limitations to Pn caused by Zn deficiency.

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The effect of foliar application of five plant growth regulators on the growth and yield of lowbush blueberry

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-081 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 607-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John C. Lewis ◽

Hak-Yoon Ju

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Chlormequat Chloride ◽

Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽

Lowbush Blueberry

The plant growth regulators, daminozide (2500 ppm), chlormequat chloride (1500 ppm), ethephon (500 ppm), mepiquat chloride (100 ppm), and paclobutrazol (1000 ppm), were foliar applied to sprouting-year and to first fruiting-year commercial lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). In sprouting-year blueberry, flower bud production was increased by paclobutrazol, resulting in significantly improved bloom and yield the following year. In fruiting-year blueberry, flower bud production was significantly increased by paclobutrazol in the year of application and resulted in improved bloom and yield in the following fruiting year. The effects of the other treatments on these parameters were in most cases not significant. Daminozide showed a significant bloom response with a sprouting-year application, but this did not translate into a yield response. Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium, plant growth regulators, paclobutrazol, flower bud production

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Correcting Lowbush Blueberry Boron Deficiency with Soil or Foliar Application

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.5.827d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 827D-828

Author(s):

J.M. Smagula ◽

W. Litten ◽

S. Dunham

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Boron Deficiency ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Potential Yield ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Leaf P

In the acid podzol soils of Maine where most lowbush blueberries are grown, low availability of boron tends to keep foliar B concentration below the 24 ppm standard. To compare efficacy of soil and foliar boron application methods, 1.5 × 7.6-m treatment plots in a commer-cial lowbush blueberry field received soil-applied borate at 0, 1.1, 2.2, or 3.3 kg·ha-1 B with or without additional DAP (89 kg·ha-1 P) and ZnSO4 (3.3 kg·ha-1 Zn) or foliar-applied Solubor at 0, 0.24, 0.49, or 0.74 kg·ha-1 B with or without the additional DAP and Zn. These 16 treatments were replicated eight times in a randomized complete-block design. Leaf B concentrations were raised by all soil-applied borate treatments and by the 0.49 and 0.74 kg·ha-1 B foliar Solubor treatments, compared to the controls. When borate at 2.2 or 3.3 kg·ha-1 B was combined with DAP plus Zn a lower leaf B concentration was observed compared to B alone, possibly due to a dilution effect caused by an increase in DAP-induced growth. Leaf P deficiency (<0.125% P) was corrected when DAP and Zn were included in the fertilizer treatment. The greatest potential yield (flower buds/stem and flower bud density) was measured in treatment plots receiving a combination of DAP plus Zn and either borate at 2.2 kg·ha-1 B or Solubor at 0.74 kg·ha-1 B. With no additional treatments applied in 1999, leaf B concentrations were slightly higher in soil-treated and foliar-treated plots than in controls suggesting a small carryover from 1997-applied boron. Carryover may vary with rainfall.

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