scholarly journals The Economic Impact of the Green Industry in the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
John J. Haydu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Green Industry

The United States environmental horticulture industry, also known as the Green Industry, is comprised of wholesale nursery and sod growers; landscape architects, designers/builders, contractors, and maintenance firms; retail garden centers, home centers, and mass merchandisers with lawn and garden departments; and marketing intermediaries such as brokers and horticultural distribution centers (re-wholesalers). Environmental horticulture is one of the fastest growing segments of the nation's agricultural economy. In spite of the magnitude and recent growth in the Green Industry, there is surprisingly little information regarding its economic impact. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the economic impacts of the Green Industry at the national level. Economic impacts for the U.S. Green Industry in 2002 were estimated at $147.8 billion in output, 1,964,339 jobs, $95.1 billion in value added, $64.3 billion in labor income, and $6.9 billion in indirect business taxes, with these values expressed in 2004 dollars. In addition, this study evaluated the value and role of urban forest trees (woody ornamental trees); the total output of tree production and care services was valued at $14.55 billion, which translated into $21.02 billion in total output impacts, 259,224 jobs, and $14.12 billion in value added.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Drought- and Shade-tolerant Bermudagrass Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanjin Chung ◽  
Tracy A. Boyer ◽  
Marco Palma ◽  
Monika Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis ◽  
New Varieties

This study estimates potential economic impacts of developing drought- and shade-tolerant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) turf varieties in five southern states: Texas, Florida, Georgia, Oklahoma, and North Carolina. First, estimates are provided for the market-level crop values of the newly developed two varieties for each state. Then, an economic impact analysis is conducted using an input–output model to assess additional output values (direct, indirect, and induced impacts), value added, and employment due to the new varieties. Our results indicate that the two new varieties would offer significant economic impacts for the central and eastern regions of the United States. Under the assumption of full adoption, the two new products would generate $142.4 million of total output, $91.3 million of value added, and 1258 new jobs. When a lower adoption rate is assumed at 20%, the expected economic impacts would generate $28.5 million of output, $18.3 million of value added, and 252 jobs in the region. Our findings quantify the potential economic benefits of development and adoption of new turfgrass varieties with desirable attributes for residential use. The findings suggest that researchers, producers, and policymakers continue their efforts to meet consumers’ needs, and in doing so, they will also reduce municipal water consumption in regions suited to bermudagrass varieties.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2007–08

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
The U.S

Economic contributions of the green industry in each state of the United States were estimated for 2007–08 using regional economic multipliers, together with information on horticulture product sales, employment, and payroll reported by the U.S. Economic Census and a nursery industry survey. Total sales revenues for all sectors were $176.11 billion, direct output was $117.40 billion, and total output impacts, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of nonlocal output, were $175.26 billion. The total value added impact was $107.16 billion, including employee compensation, proprietor (business owner) income, other property income, and indirect business taxes paid to state/local and federal governments. The industry had direct employment of 1.20 million full-time and part-time jobs and total employment impacts of 1.95 million jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and value added impacts were Landscaping services (1,075,343 jobs, $50.3 billion), Nursery and greenhouse production (436,462 jobs, $27.1 billion), and Building materials and garden equipment and supplies stores (190,839 jobs, $9.7 billion). The top 10 individual states in terms of employment contributions were California (257,885 jobs), Florida (188,437 jobs), Texas (82,113 jobs), North Carolina (81,113 jobs), Ohio (79,707 jobs), Pennsylvania (75,604 jobs), New Jersey (67,993 jobs), Illinois (67,382 jobs), Georgia (66,042 jobs), and Virginia (58,677 jobs). The total value added of the U.S. green industry represented 0.76% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007, and up to 1.60% of GDP in individual states. On the basis of a similar previous study for 2002 (Hall et al., 2006), total sales of horticultural products and services in 2007–08 increased by 3.5%, and total output impacts increased by 29.2%, or an average annual rate of 5.8% in inflation-adjusted terms.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 20181

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Hayk Khachatryan ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Industry Output

Abstract The economic contributions of the green industry in the United States were estimated for 2018 using information on industry employment and wages, and economic multipliers from a U.S. IMPLAN economic model. Direct industry output for all sectors was estimated at $159.57 billion (B), and total output contributions, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of export sales, were $348.08 B. The total value added contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was $190.98 B, including labor income contributions of $121.55 B, other property income contributions of $16.01 B and business taxes paid to local, state and federal governments of $25.84 B. The industry had direct employment of 1,599,662 fulltime and part-time individuals, and total employment contributions of 2,315,357 jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and GDP contributions were landscaping and horticultural services (1,460,669 jobs, $221.89 B), greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production (217,574 jobs, $28.69 B), and lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores (292,614 jobs, $43.80 B). The top ten states in terms of employment contributions were California (264,913 jobs), Florida (203,482), Texas (161,151), Ohio (90,406), Pennsylvania (90,075), New York (90,266), Illinois (87,595), North Carolina (78,766), Michigan (77,719), and Georgia (66,527). Since 2013, green industry contributions in 2018 increased by 16.2% for employment and 17.3% for GDP in inflation-adjusted terms. Growth in the industry was highest for wholesale and retail trade, while production and manufacturing declined. Although the green industry has grown slowly in recent years, it remains an important contributor to national, state and local economies. Index words: Sales, industry output, employment, value added, Gross Domestic Product, production, manufacturing, landscaping services, wholesale, retail, lawn and garden product line.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma ◽  
Hayk Khachatryan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Industry Output

Economic contributions of the green industry in the United States were estimated for 2013 using information on industry output, value added, employment and domestic/international exports, retail sector lawn and garden product sales, and economic multipliers from Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) regional economic models for each state. Direct industry output for all sectors was estimated at $136.44 billion (B), and total output contributions, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of export sales, were $196.07 B. The total value-added contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) was $120.71 B, including labor income contributions of $82.47 B, other property income contributions of $28.91 B and business taxes paid to local, state, and federal governments of $9.30 B. The industry had direct employment of 1,599,662 full-time and part-time jobs, and total employment contributions of 2,035,636 jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and GDP contributions were landscaping and horticultural services (1,105,526 jobs, $54.70 B); greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production (240,809 jobs, $20.36 B); and lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores (217,798 jobs, $12.87 B). The top 10 states in terms of employment contributions were California (245,267 jobs), Florida (197,073), Texas (149,364), Ohio (77,664), Pennsylvania (77,569), Illinois (76,254), New York (73,676), North Carolina (72,014), Georgia (64,066), and Michigan (63,189). Green industry contributions represented 0.72% of U.S. GDP and 1.11% of total workforce employment, and it contributed over 1.0% of GDP in five states, and over 1.25% of employment in 10 states. Employment contributions averaged 0.6 jobs/mile2 of land area and 6.4 jobs per 1000 persons in the U.S. population, while GDP contributions averaged $34,176/mile2 and $382 per capita. Since 2007–08, green industry contributions in 2013 increased by 4.4% for employment and 2.7% for GDP in inflation-adjusted terms. Growth in the industry was highest for wholesale and retail trade, whereas production and manufacturing declined. Although the green industry has grown slowly in recent years, it remains an important contributor to national, state, and local economies.

scholarly journals Value-Added Taxation: A Tax Whose Time Has Come?

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert E Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Issues

Value-added taxes (VATs) are used in a large number of developed countries and have been under consideration at the national level in the United States in recent years. This paper provides an introduction to the tax for those unfamiliar with it. The author begins by describing how VATs work and briefly surveys their use by other countries. The remainder of the paper considers the economic impact as well as design issues that are likely to arise if the United States were to implement a VAT.

Book Reviews

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Senior Lecturer ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
American Case

Isaac W. Martin of University of California, San Diego reviews “Taxing Reforms: The Politics of the Consumption Tax in Japan, the United States, Canada and Australia” by Richard Eccleston,. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins “Explores the politics of consumption tax reform in the four countries where the political resistance to such policies has been most acute--Australia, Canada, Japan, and the United States. Provides an overview of the contemporary literature on institutional and policy change and identifies a number of processes and mechanisms likely to be associated with comprehensive tax reform. Presents the empirical context for the book’s case studies and describes the rise and proliferation of value-added taxes over the course of the twentieth century. Describes the politics of consumption tax reform in Australia between the early 1970s and 2000. Considers the politics of introducing a national goods and services tax in Canada. Assesses the most notable exception to the trend toward implementing national level value added taxes among advanced industrial nations with an American case study. Identifies a number of occasions on which U.S. policymakers gave serious consideration to the introduction of a national value added tax. Eccleston is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Government at the University of Tasmania. Index.”

scholarly journals Economic Impacts of the Green Industry in the United States

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
John J. Haydu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Green Industry

Final Report to the National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Committee. Revised June 3, 2005.

scholarly journals Estimating the Economic Impact of the U.S. Golf Course Industry: Challenges and Solutions

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Haydu ◽  
Alan. W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Horticultural Products

Compared with more traditional sectors of U.S. agriculture, little economic information is available on the turfgrass industry, of which golf courses are an integral part. As a result, over the past 30 years individual states have conducted over 60 individual studies that describe in detail the economic importance of their industry. To date, no such information exists at the national level primarily due to the high cost of collecting primary data. To ameliorate this situation, the authors used secondary data from various sources and developed a composite of the turfgrass industry for the entire United States. This report focuses on the golf course industry in particular. Golf represents a very high value amenity use of horticultural products and services, is a major form of development, and uses large amounts of land and water. Results indicate the golf sector is the largest component of the turfgrass industry, accounting for a 44% share. The nearly 16,000 golf courses generated $33.2 billion (B) in (gross) output impacts, contributed $20.6 B in value added or net income, and generated 483,649 jobs nationwide. Economic impacts were also examined for each state, with “top 10” states highlighted. States falling in the top 10 category varied somewhat depending on the variables being examined. The exception were the top four states—Florida, California, Texas, and Illinois—that remained in the top four irrespective of variable type. In general, the top 10 states accounted for 55% to 60% of economic impacts for the entire United States while the top four alone contributed 40% of the total.

Patient Autonomy, Capacity, and Consent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Donnelly ◽  
Jessica Berg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Law And Legislation

This chapter explores a number of key issues: the role of competence and capacity, advance directives, and decisions made for others. It analyses the ways these are treated in the United States and in selected European jurisdictions. National-level capacity legislation and human rights norms play a central role in Europe, which means that healthcare decisions in situations of impaired capacity operate in accordance with a national standard. In the United States, the legal framework is more state-based (rather than federal), and the courts have played a significant role, with both common law and legislation varying considerably across jurisdictions. Despite these differences, this chapter identifies some similar legal principles which have developed.

scholarly journals Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for Seafood Do Not Translate into Increased Long-Chain Omega-3 Levels in the Diet for U.S. Consumers

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1816
Author(s):  
Michael F. Tlusty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Long Chain

Humans under-consume fish, especially species high in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Food-based dietary guidelines are one means for nations to encourage the consumption of healthy, nutritious food. Here, associations between dietary omega-3 consumption and food-based dietary guidelines, gross domestic product, the ranked price of fish, and the proportions of marine fish available at a national level were assessed. Minor associations were found between consumption and variables, except for food-based dietary guidelines, where calling out seafood in FBDGs did not associate with greater consumption. This relationship was explored for consumers in the United States, and it was observed that the predominant seafood they ate, shrimp, resulted in little benefit for dietary omega-3 consumption. Seafood is listed under the protein category in the U.S. Dietary Guidelines, and aggregating seafood under this category may limit a more complete understanding of its nutrient benefits beyond protein.

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