scholarly journals Strawberry Plasticulture in North Carolina: II. Preplant, Planting, and Postplant Considerations for Growing `Chandler' Strawberry on Black Plastic Mulch

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Poling
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Spring Harvest ◽  
Freeze Protection

North Carolina is experiencing a revitalization of the strawberry industry due to the adoption of plasticulture technologies and the California cultivar Chandler, which produces excellent yields and fruit quality on black plastic mulch. With this system, berries can be harvested in just 7 to 8 months after planting. The spring harvest season can last up to 6 weeks in most years. Strawberry plasticulture growers in North Carolina typically experience yields of 17,000 to 18,000 lb/acre (19,054 to 20,174 kg·ha-1). Cash expenses for the system are about $4345/acre ($10,736/ha). The system requires both an overhead sprinkler system for blossom and bud frost/freeze protection, and drip irrigation for supplying water and fertilizer in the prebloom, bloom, and fruiting periods. Sandy loam and clay loam soils are ideal for forming the lo-inch-high (25.4-cm) beds with bedding machines. Usually, 33% of the N, 50% of the K, and all of the P is applied preplant, with the remaining N and K applied through the drip-irrigation system. Problems associated with the plasticulture system include higher initial investment relative to matted-row production, and only one fruiting season is possible with the anthracnose-susceptible `Chandler' in the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals TOMATO FERTIGATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173g-1173
Author(s):  
R. A. Straw ◽  
C. A. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Additional Nitrogen

Tomato trials with black plastic mulch, drip irrigation, and fertigation were conducted on a Lily sandy loam soil of medium fertility at Crossville, TN in 1990 and 1991. 'Mountain Pride' tomatoes were fertilized with a broadcast preplant application of 1120 kg ha–1 of 10-4.4-8.3 fertilizer with and without combinations of black plastic mulch and weekly applications of 0.64 cm of water for 12 weeks through drip irrigation. Three black plastic mulch and drip irrigation treatments supplied additional nitrogen and potassium fertilizer through the drip irrigation system. Yields were increased by use of black plastic mulch and by trickle irrigation in 1991. However, additions of fertilizer through drip irrigation had no effect on yields.

scholarly journals DRIP/TRICKLE FERTILIZING EGGPLANT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 570f-571
Author(s):  
James W. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Black Plastic

The effectiveness of varying rates and timing of applied primary plant nutrients as a completely soluble N-P-K fertilizer through a drip/trickle low volume irrigation system was studied during 1991 on eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Harris Special Hibush). Before the drip irrigation tubing and black plastic mulch were laid on a coastal plain sandy loam soil, plots were treated with 0, 22, 45, and 67 kg ha-1 of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K20). The higher rates of preplant fertilization did have a significant beneficial effect on total seasonal yields of quality eggplants. The preplant treatments also had an influence on mid and late season production. As the frequency of drip/trickle applied primary plant nutrients increased up to 6 seasonal applications, the total quality fruit production substantially increased. Frequency of applications also had an influence on seasonal yields. Applying increased rates of the primary plant nutrients at a low seasonal frequency of 3 applications had little influence on increasing total quality yields of eggplants. Individual quality fruit was significantly heavier from plants which received 5 to 6 applications of the soluble N-P-K fertilizer than from plants which received no fertilizer through the drip/trickle irrigation system for the season.

scholarly journals Influence of Fall Nitrogen and Spring Nitrogen—Potassium Applications on Yield and Fruit Quality of `Chandler' Strawberry

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Miner ◽  
E.B. Poling ◽  
D.E. Carroll ◽  
L.A. Nelson ◽  
C.R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Total N ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Main Effects

Annual-hill strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) production with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation is gaining popularity in North Carolina. Two experiments (E1 and E2) were conducted on a Wagram loamy sand (Arenic Kandiudult) in 1992 and on a Norfolk sandy loam (Typic Kandiudult) in 1993 to investigate the effects of fall-applied N and spring-applied N and K on `Chandler' strawberry yield and fruit quality. E1 treatments included factorial combinations of banded fall-applied N (0, 34, and 67 kg·ha-1) and drip spring-applied N (0, 0.19, 0.37, 0.56, and 0.75 kg·ha-1·d-1 and 0, 0.37, 0.75, and 1.12 kg·ha-1·d-1 in 1992 and 1993, respectively). E2 treatments included combinations of drip spring-applied N (0.56, 1.12, 1.68, and 2.24 kg·ha-1·d-1) and K (0.46, 1.39, and 2.32 kg·ha-1·d-1 and 0, 0.75, 1.49, and 2.24 kg·ha-1·d-1 in 1992 and 1993, respectively). There were no significant interactions among main effects for any of the measured variables. Market yield maximized with total N at ≈120 kg·ha-1 with one-half banded in the fall and the remainder drip-applied in the spring. Fruit firmness decreased with increasing N rate. Fruit pH and concentrations of total acids and soluble solids were not affected by N treatments, but soluble solids increased as the harvest season progressed. Plant crown number was not affected by N treatment but crown yield increased with N rate similar to market yield. There was no response to drip-applied K for any variable in either year. Based on soil test, fall-applied K (broadcast-soil incorporated) met the K requirements both years.

Effect of Irrigation Methods and Mulching on Growth and Seed Yield of Semialata

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SK SRIVASTAVA ◽  
PAWAN JEET
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Black Plastic

A study was conducted to assess the effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on growth and seed yield of Semialata. Two types of plastic mulch (green and silver/black) were tested at three levels of irrigation (120%, 100% and 80%) by drip irrigation and one level (100%) by furrow irrigation. The daily water requirement of Semialata was estimated by the equation ETcrop= ETox crop factor. ETcrop is crop water requirement mm/day. ETo (reference evapotranspiration, mm/day) was calculated by FAO calculator which uses temperature and humidity data. In this experiments there were twelve treatments were considered. The treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid in randomized block design. It was observed that drip irrigation with or without plastic mulch is yielding better results in terms of growth parameters and seed yield as compared to furrow irrigation without plastic mulch. It was also observed that maximum suppression (67.58%) of weeds resulted with drip irrigation and silver/black plastic mulch at 80% level of irrigation.

scholarly journals Predicting Wetting Patterns in Soil from a Single Subsurface Drip Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Heba Najem Abid ◽  
Maysoon Basheer Abid
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Model Efficiency ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Soil Wetting ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Soil wetted pattern from a subsurface drip plays great importance in the design of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system for delivering the required water directly to the roots of the plant. An equation to estimate the dimensions of the wetted area in soil are taking into account water uptake by roots is simulated numerically using HYDRUS (2D/3D) software. In this paper, three soil textures namely loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam soil were used with three different types of crops tomato, pepper, and cucumber, respectively, and different values of drip discharge, drip depth, and initial soil moisture content were proposed. The soil wetting patterns were obtained at every thirty minutes for a total time of irrigation equal to three hours. Equations for wetted width and depth were predicted and evaluated by utilizing the statistical parameters (model efficiency (EF), and root mean square error (RMSE)). The model efficiency was more than 95%, and RMSE did not exceed 0.64 cm for three soils. This shows that evolved formula can be utilized to describe the soil wetting pattern from SDI system with good accuracy.      

Effect of available solar irradiance on vertical farming in semi-open urban places

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-726
Author(s):  
M. Moniruzzaman ◽  
K. K. Saha ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. M. H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Long Run

Building a vertical farm in unused residential and commercial spaces is a challenge. It is particularly hard to decide upon a space where varying degrees of lighting conditions may prevail at different times of a day. This experiment was focused on how innovative micro-irrigation technology could be coupled with vertical farms. In this regard, three storied racks were designed to accommodate multiple one-feet-square tubs large enough to hold five Indian spinach (BARI Puishak- 2) plants at a time. Sandy loam soil was used for farming along with recommended doses of fertilizers. Different lighting conditions (2- 145 W/m2 average solar irradiance) were employed on the fifth floor of an urban building. Drip emitters were coupled in the system for irrigation. The management allowed deficit was kept to a maximum of 50% of the readily available moisture below the field capacity. The results suggested that drip irrigation systems provide higher water productivity (up to 31.82 kg/m3) compared to the in-field conditions when BARI Puishak-2 is grown in vertical farming. Water productivity of spinach was improved by optimized set-up of a drip irrigation system. The study also concluded that vertical farming is only suitable for indoor places where plenty of direct sunlight or diffused sunlight (not below 70 W/m2) is available. The economic analysis suggests that vertical farms under direct sunlight can be made profitable (BCR>1) in the long run.

Performance of pea under different irrigation systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Ramana Rao ◽  
Suchi Gangwar ◽  
Arpna Bajpai ◽  
Ravish Keshri ◽  
Lavesh Chourasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Micro Irrigation

The field experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal on influence of different irrigation methods in three continuous years (2010-2013) on the performance pea crop. Conventional flood irrigation, micro sprinkler and drip irrigation systems were adopted as three treatments and with seven replications in each treatment in the study. Pea (Arkel variety) crop was sown at a spacing of 45 X 10 cm. During the period of experiment flood irrigation were applied on weekly basis and micro irrigation and drip irrigation systems were operated every third day to meet the crop water requirement. The total quantity of water applied in flood, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler systems were 387.5, 244.7 and 273.5 mm respectively. Maximum crop yield was observed under micro sprinkler system (98.60 q/ha) followed by drip and conventional irrigation system. Saving of water was found better under drip irrigation over micro sprinkler irrigation system.

Effect of Mulching on Chickpea under Low Head Drip Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V.R. Rao ◽  
Pushplata Aherwar ◽  
Suchi Gangwar ◽  
Deepika Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Low Head

The effect of plastic mulch on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivation under low head drip irrigation systems was studied at ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, PFDC, Bhopal during 2018-19. Drip irrigation system was operated by placing water tank at a total water deliver height of 3 m and varied heads to 2.5 m and 2.0 m to find out the value of coefficient of uniformity under these heads. The experimental treatments consisted in five levels by varying irrigation methods: Flood irrigation, irrigation with drip laid on raised beds, irrigation with drip laid on raised beds covered with black mulch, irrigation with drip laid on raised beds covered with silver mulch and irrigation with drip laid on raised beds covered with white mulch. Growth and yield parameters of chickpea viz., plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, plant dry matter (g/plant), effective nodule per plant and nodules dry weight (mg/plant), number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, seed yield (kg/ha) and harvest index were highest under silver plastic mulch laid on raised beds, irrigated with drip as compared to black plastic mulch and white plastic mulch treatments. Lowest growth and yield parameters were recorded in the flood irrigated treatment. Water Use Efficiency was highest under silver plastic mulch (17.21kg/ha mm) and lowest under flood irrigated condition (3.74 kg/ha mm). Net returns were higher in the treatment under the silver mulch (Rs/ha 77939) and followed by black mulch (Rs/ha 67179) with lowest net returns in the flood irrigated condition (Rs/ha 32690).

Black Plastic Mulch and Drip Irrigation Affect Growth and Performance of Bell Pepper

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Brown ◽  
Cynthia Channell-butcher
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF DAY-NEUTRAL STRAWBERRIES IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 891d-891
Author(s):  
J.R. Ballington
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Main Effects

Day-neutral strawberries have the potential to fruit throughout the growing season as long as maximum air temperatures do not exceed 32.2 °C for extended periods. Appropriate temperatures for season-long production of day-neutrals occur in the southern Appalachians at 900 m elevations and above. Replicated studies were conducted at Laurel Springs (900 m elevation) in northwestern N.C. in 2002–04 to determine the most promising combinations of mulch types, planting dates and cultivars. Plasticulture establishment recommendations were followed and white/black plastic mulch compared to black. Dormant plants were established 15 Apr., 1 May, or 15 May at 12 × 12 inch spacing in 2002; plug plants on 30 Oct. 2002 at 12 × 12 inches and overwintered under rowcovers for 2003; and plug plants on 25 Sept. 2003 or 23 Oct. 2003 at 18 × 12 inches and overwintered under rowcovers for 2004. Plants came from commercial sources. Aromas, Diamante, Everest, and Seascape were included in 2002; Diamante, Everest and Seascape in 2003; and Everest and Seascape in 2004. Harvest season lasted 11 weeks in 2002, 12 weeks in 2003, and 10 weeks in 2004. Only main effects were statistically significant. White and black plastic mulch yields were significantly higher than black two years out of three. Fall planting resulted in earlier onset of production and higher yields in most cases. Planting date was important; for fall planting, midto late September was superior to October planting, and for spring planting, middle to late April was superior to mid-May. A plant spacing of 18 inches between plants in rows and 12 inches between rows was important to avoid crowding when planting in fall. Everest and Seascape had the best overall performance.

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