scholarly journals Penetrometer Measurement of Apple and Kiwifruit Firmness: Operator and Instrument Differences

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Harker ◽  
J.H. Maindonald ◽  
P.J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Drill Press

Flesh firmness is a characteristic used to indicate fruit quality. Experimental design and data analysis are important when comparing devices that measure fruit firmness. We compared the Effegi penetrometer operated by hand, mounted in a drill press and then operated by hand, and mounted on a motorized drive and operated remotely; the hand-operated EPT pressure tester; the Instron with an Effegi probe; and a hand-operated prototype of the twist tester. Devices varied in operator differences and precision. Comparisons between devices were at the within-fruit level of variability and, therefore, more precise than comparisons where different device-operators used different fruit. We demonstrate statistical methods that are appropriate for making the comparisons of interest and discuss the possible cause of differences between operators and between devices. We also discuss how the mechanical properties of the devices may affect results and consider implications for their practical use. In this study, we found the precision of discrimination between soft and hard apples was best using the Instron in 1992, while the Instron and hand-held Effegi penetrometer were comparable in 1991. For kiwifruit, the hand-held Effegi penetrometer consistently gave the most precise measurements of softening in 1991, while the twist test was the most precise in 1992.

Statistics and parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
T. E. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Trigonometric Parallaxes ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors

This review paper deals with the use of statistical methods to evaluate systematic and random errors associated with trigonometric parallaxes. First, systematic errors which arise when using trigonometric parallaxes to calibrate luminosity systems are discussed. Next, determination of the external errors of parallax measurement are reviewed. Observatory corrections are discussed. Schilt’s point, that as the causes of these systematic differences between observatories are not known the computed corrections can not be applied appropriately, is emphasized. However, modern parallax work is sufficiently accurate that it is necessary to determine observatory corrections if full use is to be made of the potential precision of the data. To this end, it is suggested that a prior experimental design is required. Past experience has shown that accidental overlap of observing programs will not suffice to determine observatory corrections which are meaningful.

Critique of a Pupillary Response Experiment

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger P. Dooley ◽  
Donald J. Lehr
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Pupillary Response

This critique questions the experimental design, controls and data analysis of a recent pupillary response experiment by Hess and Polt (1966).

scholarly journals Multiple season-long sprays of ethephon or NAA combined with calcium chloride on ‘Honeycrisp’ apples: I. Effect on bloom and fruit quality attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-459
Author(s):  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples

‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees are highly prone to biennial bearing and predisposed to bitter pit. The hypothesis that tank mix sprays of ethephon (ETH), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) combined with calcium chloride (CaCl2) can mitigate these production problems was tested in a 3-yr study. Mature ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were treated with either three or six summer applications of 150 mg L−1 ETH or 5 mg L−1 NAA, all tank-mixed with and without CaCl2, or two or five applications of 150 mg L−1 ACC (without CaCl2). Treatments were applied at 10-d intervals and initiated between 21 and 26 June. All treatments had little effect on enhancing return bloom of ‘Honeycrisp’. NAA, ETH, and CaCl2 all influenced fruit maturity and quality at harvest to varying degrees and across years. Fruit treated with NAA were firmer compared with untreated fruit in 2 out of 3 yr, whereas overall, fruit treated with six sprays of ETH had lower fruit firmness and were more mature. NAA had less influence on fruit quality attributes at harvest than did ETH, and decreased pre-harvest fruit drop (PFD). PFD increased with ETH in 1 out of 2 yr, whereas ACC and NAA both decreased PFD in 1 out of 2 yr. Overall, ETH and NAA, with or without CaCl2, had significant but inconsistent effects on fruit quality and maturity, all dependent on the year and number of applications. Adding CaCl2 decreased fruit firmness in 2 out of 3 yr.

Application of non-destructive sensors and big data analysis to predict physiological storage disorders and fruit firmness in ‘Braeburn’ apples

2021 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 106015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Osinenko ◽  
Konni Biegert ◽  
Roy J. McCormick ◽  
Thomas Göhrt ◽  
Grigory Devadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Storage Disorders

An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis

Technometrics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Eric R. Ziegel ◽  
Lyman Ott
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods

Multiwell chamber chemotaxis assays: Improved experimental design and data analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Minkin ◽  
David J. Bannon ◽  
Selma Pokress ◽  
Michael Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design

scholarly journals Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. de S. Miranda ◽  
Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante ◽  
Inez V. de M. Oliveira ◽  
Paulo R. C. Lopes ◽  
Joston S. de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.

scholarly journals Principles of Experimental Design for Big Data Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Drovandi ◽  
Christopher C. Holmes ◽  
James M. McGree ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Sylvia Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Big Data Analysis
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