DSSAT Nitrogen Cycle Simulation of Cover Crop-Maize Rotations under Irrigated Mediterranean Conditions

How agroforestry systems influence the abundance of nitrogen-cycle contributing microbial genes under Mediterranean conditions?&#160;Onurcan &#214;zbolat *,1, Irene Ollio1, Eva Lloret1, Marcos Egea2, Raul Zornoza1&#160;1 Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Polit&#233;cnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.&#160;2 Institute of Plant Biotechnology (IBV), Campus Muralla del Mar, Edificio I+D+I, Universidad Polit&#233;cnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.&#160;* &#160;ABSTRACT&#160;Agroforestry systems represent cropping systems in which woody crops are intercropped with alley crops to increase land productivity and enhance the delivery of ecosystem services. Avoiding bare soils in the alleys and cultivation of different annual or perennial species, with shifts in tillage and/or irrigation patterns, will have an influence in organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling, mostly carbon and nitrogen, mediated by soil microbial communities. The ability of the soil to conduct a healthy relation with the microbiome and the crops is one of the most important soil quality indicators. In this study, soil samples from two different case studies where different diversification systems were applied are examined in perspective of ammonia oxidizing (amoA) and denitrifying (nirK and narG) gene abundances through quantitative-PCR assays to assess how nitrogen cycle can be modified by agroforestry systems compared to tree monocultures. The first case study included an almond orchard intercropped weather with Capparis spinosa or Thymus hyemalis. The second case study represented a mandarin orchard intercropped with a rotation of fava bean and vetch/barley or a rotation of several vegetables and vetch/barley. Abundances of amoA, nirK and narG genes significantly decreased in all intercropped systems with respect to monocultures. Thus, the special root-microorganisms and plant-plant interactions in the diversified systems contributed to soil N-cycle by decreasing the functional gene abundances. Decreasing nitrification and denitrification through&#160;management is desirable to decrease N losses and increase N fertilizer use efficiency. Thus, agroforestry systems seem more efficient in N turnover than tree monocultures where alleys remain bare most of the year.

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Effects of cover crops and irrigation on ‘Tempranillo’ grapevine and berry physiology: an experiment under the Mediterranean conditions of Southern Portugal

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.3.4629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 191-208

Author(s):

Alexandra Tomaz ◽

José Coleto Martínez ◽

Carlos Arruda Pacheco

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Water Availability ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Water Regime ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Soil Management ◽

Mediterranean Conditions

In addition to irrigation, other viticultural practices such as soil management can be applied to improve grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) quality responses and attenuate unfavourable environmental conditions. Cover crops in the interrow of irrigated vineyards change the dynamics of water extraction and it is expected that the patterns of vines’ water relations will be modified, also changing their productive responses. This study took place over two seasons in ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines in a vineyard in South Portugal, where a cover crop was sown in the inter-rows of half the study area (SCC) while maintaining resident vegetation in the remaining (RV). Five water regime treatments were applied: full irrigation (200 mm irrigation amount–I200); moderate irrigation (150 mm–I150); deficit irrigation (100 mm–I100); ultra-deficit irrigation (50 mm–I50); rainfed (I0). Measurements of predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (An), and transpiration rate (E) were made during the final stages of the growth cycle. Data of soil water availability, yield and growth variables, and berries and wine composition were also used. Significant interactions between the effect of soil management and water regime were observed on ΨPD. A water competition effect exerted by the cover crop could be responsible for reduced water loss and carbon assimilation, whenever Spring rain is lower and/or the cover crop biomass development is not controlled. Differences in gs and An observed at midday and late measurements reflect the influence of the daily increase of atmospheric water demand. Stomatal closure of grapevines was less affected in plots of higher soil water storage capacity. The correlation between ΨPD and gs was higher in the midday and late measurements, pointing to the regulation of stomatal response in response to water availability and daily environmental conditions. Principal components analysis (PCA) evidenced an influence of water deficit on metabolic responses that benefit fruit and wine quality. The cluster analysis (CA) revealed that no significant cluster of cases was clearly controlled by soil management or water regime in the first season but, in the second, drier season, significant clustering more irrigation- than soil management-controlled showed that a predominant influence of irrigation should be expected for ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines grown under dry Mediterranean conditions.

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Terrestrial nitrogen cycle simulation with a dynamic global vegetation model

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01625.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1745-1764 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

XU-RI ◽

I. C. PRENTICE

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycle ◽

Vegetation Model ◽

Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽

Cycle Simulation ◽

Global Vegetation

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Optimizing cover crop and fertilizer timing for high maize yield and nitrogen cycle control

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115423 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 405 ◽

pp. 115423

Author(s):

Letusa Momesso ◽

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

Heitor Cantarella ◽

Katiuça Sueko Tanaka ◽

George A. Kowalchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycle ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Maize Yield

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The eﬀect of the petroleum on number of diﬀerent groups of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle

BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University Chemistry Geography Ecology Series ◽

10.32523/2616-6771-2018-124-4-56-62 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

Г.А. Рысбаева ◽

◽

А.М. Саттарова ◽

А.У. Исаева

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycle

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FEATURES OF SALTS MIGRATION IN DELTAIC ECOSYSTEMS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/6/28-29 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 28-29

Author(s):

М. I. Dzhalalova ◽

P. А. Abdurashidova ◽

R. М. Zagidova

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Groundwater Salinity ◽

Salt Composition ◽

Material Resource ◽

Aboveground Phytomass ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Material Energy ◽

Theoretical Foundations ◽

Pasture Plants ◽

Salinity Seawater

The coastal strip of the northwestern Caspian is characterized by hydromorphism and salinization processes which depending on the Caspian piled-up water, groundwater salinity, seawater, and salt composition of the underlying rocks. The migrational salts capability in deltoic ecosystem components in dynamic over the main representatives of pasture plants occurring in the Western Caspian and playing an important role in developing the theoretical foundations of a system of measures to increase the productivity of cover crop have studied. Salts migration from soil layers into plants which taking place in synthesis of material-energy and material resource of environment is one of the chains of bio-substrat links. The research results confirm the data that the ash elements stock in the ephemeral-absinthial group varies from 21.5 to 64.5 kg per 1 ha. The organogens prevail in them – 944 kg / ha, K is dominant, then Ca and Mg. The amount of halogens is 7.05 kg / ha, of which Cl portion includes 3.31 and Na – 2.80 kg / ha. In the ephemeral-absinthial group cenoses rather high values of aboveground phytomass are up to 50 centners / ha and the supply of ash elements (halogens 32.14 and organogens 36.18 mg-eq) is much higher compared to their content in soil (7.05 and 6, 31 mg-eq). In roots difference in quantity of organogens and halogens is insignificant – 2.03 and 2.04 mg-eq. We associate such differences with a greater proportion of absinthial in the aboveground phytomass composition

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