Cover Crops for Sweet Corn Production in a Short-Season Environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Griffin ◽  
Matt Liebman ◽  
John Jemison
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Short Season

Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 476d-476
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

Cover Crops and Nutrient Retention for Subsequent Sweet Corn Production

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Isse ◽  
Angus F. MacKenzie ◽  
Katrine Stewart ◽  
Daniel C. Cloutier ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Corn Production

scholarly journals Cover Crop and Tillage Effects on Production and Nitrogen Nutrition of Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 669d-669
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn yields were detected. Following corn not receiving inorganic N, vetch produced cover crop total N yields of 130 kg·ha–1 that were over three-times greater than those obtained with rye. Following rye winter covercrops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn significantly (P < 0.05) increased corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. However, following vetch, corn yields and foliar N concentrations obtained without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization following rye or vetch. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye for ≈9 weeks after corn planting and peaked ≈4 weeks after planting. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production.

scholarly journals Spring-seeded Green Manures Continue to Demonstrate Variable Benefits on Sandy Soil

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2038
Author(s):  
Kate A. Ivancic ◽  
Matthew D. Ruark ◽  
Francisco J. Arriaga ◽  
Erin M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Berseem Clover ◽  
N Rates

Spring-planted green manure cover crops may provide a nitrogen (N) benefit to a subsequent sweet corn (Zea mays L.) crop, but spring growth and lack of consistent benefits documented in previous studies provide limitations to adoption. Berseem clover (BC; Trifolium alexandrinum) and chickling vetch (CV; Lathyrus sativus L.) are two legumes that could be beneficial when spring-seeded, but they have not been well studied in this context. The objectives of this study were to measure spring-seeded cover crop biomass and N yield, and the subsequent effects on sweet corn yield and response to N fertilizer. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, and the experimental design was a randomized complete block split-plot design with cover crop as whole-plot treatments [CV, BC, berseem clover and oat (Avena sativa) mixture (BC + O), oats, and no cover crop] and N rate as split-plot treatments. Cover crop growth and effects on sweet corn production varied greatly between years, with both cover crop and sweet corn biomass greater in 2015, although BC produced very little biomass (<0.7 Mg·ha–1) and thus is not recommended for spring seeding. In 2014, CV resulted in the lowest agronomically optimum N rates (AONRs) compared with no cover crop, suggesting a potential N credit when only having an N yield of 11.6 kg·ha–1, but this effect was not seen in 2015. There was also no evidence that oat would supply N to the subsequent crop. Overall, evidence is lacking that any spring-seeded cover crop will provide a consistent N benefit on sandy soil, and limitations to spring growth may preclude widespread adoption.

scholarly journals Effects of Crop Rotations, Winter and Summer Cover Crops, and Minimum-till on Pepper and Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599A-599
Author(s):  
K.M. Batal ◽  
D.R. Decoteau ◽  
D.M. Granberry ◽  
B.G. Mullinix ◽  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Conventional Methods

Pepper and sweet corn were tested in a rotation with crimson clover and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) cover crops at different locations in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina from 1995 to 1996. Vegetable production with minimum-till following the cover crops was compared with two different conventional methods (following rye cover or fallow). All minimum-till/cover crop treatments caused reduction of total number of pepper fruit, compared to the conventional methods. Effects on premium grade (Fancy + U.S. #1) were similar to the effects on total fruit. The highest percentage of premium grade was produced by both conventional methods in 1996. Sweet corn responded similarly to these treatments in 1995. However, in 1996, clover plots had corn yields nearly as good as the conventional plots. As in bell pepper, plots with velvet bean cover produced lower yield in 1996. Treatment effects on number of marketable corn were the same as the effects on total ears produced.

scholarly journals 173 Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 472A-472
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on `Merit' sweet corn in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Main plots received tillage or no-tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus inorganic N fertilization. The shoot N contents of vetch and mix cover crops ranged from 100 to 150 kg/ha, whereas N contents of rye were usually <50 kg/ha. In 1994 and 1995, vetch shoot N contents were 150 kg/ha, and corn yields following vetch were not significantly affected by addition of inorganic N fertilizer. In 1996, vetch N contents only equaled 120 kg/ha, and corn yields were significantly increased by addition of inorganic N. Supplemental N was also required to obtain maximum yields following mix and rye cover crops in all years, even though the N contents of vetch and mix cover crops were normally similar. Measurements of corn foliar N and available soil N were in agreement with the yield results. No-tillage did not significantly affect corn yields following vetch. However, no-till corn yields were reduced with rye (1995) and the mix (1995 and 1996) as a result of reduced corn plant population densities. Reliable tillage results were not obtained for 1994. It was concluded that a vetch cover crop could adequately supply N to sweet corn if vetch N content was at least 150 kg/ha. Sweet corn following rye or vetch/rye mix cover crops required additional N for optimal yields. Significant N in the mix cover crop was probably immobilized as the rye component decomposed. No-till sweet corn was grown successfully following vetch, but yields were often reduced with the mix or rye cover crops.

scholarly journals Effects of a Legume Winter Cover Crop and Tillage on Production and Nitrogen Nutrition of Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 892A-892
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

A split-plot factorial experiment was conducted to examine effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix. Nitrogen treatments consisted of either adding or not adding NH4NO3 at recommended rates. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn yields were detected, although yields with tillage were slightly greater. Following rye winter cover crops, adding NH4NO3 to corn significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased yields by 56% compared to treatments not receiving N. However, following vetch, corn yields obtained without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization following rye or vetch. It was concluded that 1) nontilled sweet corn was successful and 2) N2 fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production completely and was equivalent to a minimum of 70 kg N/ha.

Chapter 17. Sweet Corn Production

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramdas Kanissery ◽  
Eugene McAvoy ◽  
Richard N. Raid ◽  
Johan Desaeger ◽  
Julien Beuzelin
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Corn Production

Chapter 17 of the Vegetable Production Handbook.

Nitrogen and Weed Management for Organic Sweet Corn Production on Loamy Sand

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 758-769
Author(s):  
Jaimie R. West ◽  
Matthew D. Ruark ◽  
Alvin J. Bussan ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Erin M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Corn Production

scholarly journals Rate and Timing of Meat and Bone Meal Applications Influence Growth, Yield, and Soil Water Nitrate Concentrations in Sweet Corn Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Tiare Silvasy ◽  
Amjad A. Ahmad ◽  
Koon-Hui Wang ◽  
Theodore J. K. Radovich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Application Rates

Using local resources and minimizing environmental impacts are two important components of sustainable agriculture. Meat and bone meal (MBM), tankage, is a locally produced organic fertilizer. This study was conducted to investigate the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Stuart.) and soil water nitrate (NO3-N) concentration to MBM application at two locations, Waimānalo and Poamoho, on the island of O’ahu. The objectives were to determine effects of six application rates (0, 112, 224, 336, 448 and 672 kg N ha−1) and two application timings (preplant and split application) on: (1) sweet corn growth, yield, and quality, and (2) soil water nitrate concentration within and below the root zone. The split-plot was designed as four replicates randomly arranged in a complete block. Plant growth of roots and shoots, yield, and relative leaf chlorophyll content of sweet corn increased with increasing application rates of MBM in both locations. At Poamoho, yield was 13.6% greater in preplant versus split application. Nitrate-nitrogen losses were reduced by 20% at Waimānalo and 40% at Poamoho when MBM was applied in split applications. These findings suggest that MBM is an effective nitrogen source for sweet corn and a split application of MBM may reduce the potential for pollution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document