Rate and Timing of Meat and Bone Meal Applications Influence Growth, Yield, and Soil Water Nitrate Concentrations in Sweet Corn Production

Using local resources and minimizing environmental impacts are two important components of sustainable agriculture. Meat and bone meal (MBM), tankage, is a locally produced organic fertilizer. This study was conducted to investigate the response of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Stuart.) and soil water nitrate (NO3-N) concentration to MBM application at two locations, Waimānalo and Poamoho, on the island of O’ahu. The objectives were to determine effects of six application rates (0, 112, 224, 336, 448 and 672 kg N ha−1) and two application timings (preplant and split application) on: (1) sweet corn growth, yield, and quality, and (2) soil water nitrate concentration within and below the root zone. The split-plot was designed as four replicates randomly arranged in a complete block. Plant growth of roots and shoots, yield, and relative leaf chlorophyll content of sweet corn increased with increasing application rates of MBM in both locations. At Poamoho, yield was 13.6% greater in preplant versus split application. Nitrate-nitrogen losses were reduced by 20% at Waimānalo and 40% at Poamoho when MBM was applied in split applications. These findings suggest that MBM is an effective nitrogen source for sweet corn and a split application of MBM may reduce the potential for pollution.

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Size of subsoil clods affects soil-water availability in sand–clay mixtures

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr15115 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 276 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Giacomo Betti ◽

Cameron D. Grant ◽

Robert S. Murray ◽

G. Jock Churchman

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Soil Water ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Retention ◽

Management Practices ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Root Zone ◽

Soil Water Availability ◽

Application Rates

Clay delving in strongly texture-contrast soils brings up subsoil clay in clumps ranging from large clods to tiny aggregates depending on the equipment used and the extent of secondary cultivation. Clay delving usually increases crop yields but not universally; this has generated questions about best management practices. It was postulated that the size distribution of the subsoil clumps created by delving might influence soil-water availability (and hence crop yield) because, although the clay increases water retention in the root-zone, it can also cause poor soil aeration, high soil strength and greatly reduced hydraulic conductivity. We prepared laboratory mixtures of sand and clay-rich subsoil in amounts considered practical (10% and 20% by weight) and excessive (40% and 60% by weight) with different subsoil clod sizes (<2, 6, 20 and 45 mm), for which we measured water retention, soil resistance, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. We calculated soil water availability by traditional means (plant-available water, PAW) and by the integral water capacity (IWC). We found that PAW increased with subsoil clay, particularly when smaller aggregates were used (≤6 mm). However, when the potential restrictions on PAW were taken into account, the benefits of adding clay reached a peak at ~40%, beyond which IWC declined towards that of pure subsoil clay. Furthermore, the smaller the aggregates the less effective they were at increasing IWC, particularly in the practical range of application rates (<20% by weight). We conclude that excessive post-delving cultivation may not be warranted and may explain some of the variability found in crop yields after delving.

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Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas jagung manis (Zea mays Saccharata sturt. L) akibat takaran bokashi pada sistem Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) di kabupaten Karawang

Kultivasi ◽

10.24198/kultivasi.v17i1.16079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rommy Andhika Laksono ◽

Nurcahyo Widyodaru Saputro ◽

Muhammad Syafi’i

Keyword(s):

Management System ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Crop Management ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Corn Production ◽

Integrated Crop Management ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Lowland Area

Abstract. Sweet corn production in Indonesia can be increased by intensification program, such as the use of superior cultivars, the use of balanced fertilizer, and the use of organic fertilizer. Objective of the research was to study Integrated Crop Management System, that related to use of fermented organic fertilizer (bokashi) which suitable to sweet corn crop, especially in lowland area of Karawang district. The method of research was experiment. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design, that consisted of 16 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were 4 bokashi dosage (0, 5, 10 and 15 ton ha-1) combined with 4 varieties of F1 sweet corn (Bonanza, Talenta , Secada and Sweet Boy). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan multiple-range test at 5%. The results show that bokashi dosage had given difference on plant height, number of leaves per plant, diameter of the stem, weight of ears, number of grain rows, and yield. Dosages of 10 tons ha-1 bokashi gave the best growth and sweet corn yield of Sweet Boy F1 varieties on Integrated Crop Management System. Keywords: Sweet Corn, Bokashi, CMS. Sari. Produksi jagung manis di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan dengan program intensifikasi, diantaranya dengan penggunaan kultivar unggul, pupuk berimbang, dan pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sistem pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan pupuk orga-nik bokashi yang cocok pada tanaman jagung manis, khususnya di dataran rendah Karawang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan percobaan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, terdiri dari 16 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 4 dosis bokashi (0, 5, 10 dan 15 ton ha-1) yang dikombinasikan dengan 4 varietas jagung manis F1(Bonanza, Talenta , Secada dan Sweet Boy). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians dan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil menunjukkan perlakuan dosis bokashi memberikan perbedaan pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, berat tongkol, jumlah baris biji, dan hasil. Dosis bokashi 10 ton ha-1 memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil terbaik jagung manis varietas Sweet Boy pada sistem Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu. Kata kunci: Jagung Manis, Bokashi, Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu

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Application of Granular and Non-Granular Organic Fertilizers in Terms of Energy, Environmental and Economic Efficiency

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13179740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 9740

Author(s):

Egidijus Šarauskis ◽

Vilma Naujokienė ◽

Kristina Lekavičienė ◽

Zita Kriaučiūnienė ◽

Eglė Jotautienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Efficiency ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Fertilizer Use

Granular organic fertilizers have been increasingly used in agriculture due to the longer delivery of nutrients to plants and the milder impact on the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the energy, environmental and economic efficiency of granular and non-granular organic fertilizers. Four technological scenarios of organic fertilizer use were used for comparative assessment: (1) manure fertilization (16.0 t ha−1), (2) manure fertilization (30.0 t ha−1), (3) manure pellet fertilization (2.0 t ha−1), and (4) fertilization with meat and bone meal pellets (0.7 t ha−1). Experimental studies using the mass flow method of laser spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the comparative environmental impact of granular and non-granular organic fertilizers. Economic assessment was performed for mechanized technological operations of loading, transportation and distribution of organic fertilizers, estimating the price of aggregates used and fuel consumed, the costs of individual technological operations and other indirect costs. The results showed that for mechanized technological operations, when fertilizing with granular organic manure and meat and bone meal fertilizer, energy consumption is 3.2 to 4.0 times lower compared to fertilization with manure. The average ammonia (NH3) emissions from granular organic fertilizers were found to be six times lower than from non-granular organic fertilizers. The lowest costs for mechanized works were incurred when using meat and bone meal pellets, the highest economic benefits of organic fertilizers by elements was when using manure 30 t ha−1, and the highest costs for organic fertilizers were incurred when using manure pellets.

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Seed Maggot Control on Sweet Corn, 1995

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/21.1.114 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 114-114

Author(s):

D. R. Webb ◽

P. M. L. Hessney ◽

C. J. Eckenrode

Keyword(s):

Soil Fungi ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Two varieties of sweet corn seeds were planted 23 Jun at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots were single rows 25 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All seeds were planted using a hand pushed “V” belt seeder at the rate of 100 seeds/25 ft. Seeds were treated before planting with Captan 75 at the rate of 1 ¾ oz dry formulation/seed cwt to minimize seed rots induced by various soil fungi. Insecticides were applied at planting either in-furrow or as a “T” band. Rows were baited by hand with about a cup/row of meat and bone meal immediately after planting to increase fly oviposition. Injury was determined by digging 25 new seedlings with seeds still attached on 10 Jul and inspecting each seed remnant for the presence of SM larvae and/or feeding injury.

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Sweet Corn Performance and Its Major Nutrient Uptake Following Application of Vermicompost Supplemented with Liquid Organic Fertilizer

10.31219/osf.io/uwcbx ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Zainal Muktamar ◽

Sigit Sudjatmiko ◽

Mohammad Chozin ◽

Nanik Setyowati ◽

Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Corn Production ◽

Major Nutrient ◽

Fertilizer Combination

Solid organic fertilization in organic farming practices should be supplemented with liquid organic fertilizer to accelerate the availability of plant nutrients. The study aimed to determine performance and major nutrient uptake by sweet corn following application of vermicompost supplemented with liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and to find out combined vermicompost and liquid organic fertilizer for sweet corn production. The experiment was conducted at CAPS Research Station (1054 m above sea level) from April to June 2016, arranged in split plot design with 5 rates of vermicompost as the main plot and 5 rates of LOF as the subplot. Rates of vermicompost comprised 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha-1, while LOF rates consisted of control, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (initial concentration). Treatment combination was replicated 3 times. Root application of LOF was carried out every week at 2-8 weeks after planting (WAP) with total volume of 950 ml plant -1. Result pointed out that vermicompost pronouncedly raised nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptakes and linearly enhanced growth and yield of sweet corn, indicated by plant height, plant leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weight, weight of husked and unhusked ears, diameter of ear, and weight of husked ear per plot but length of ear. The addition of LOF had a similar effect on major nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of sweet corn. Vermicompost at the rate of 25 Mg ha-1 supplemented with 100% LOF provided greatest growth and yield, suggesting that the fertilizer combination was the most effective complementary organic fertilization for sweet corn production in the organic farming system.

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The effect of increasing doses of meat and bone meal (MBM) on maize (Zea mays L.) grown for grain

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.6423 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 325-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Nogalska ◽

Jerzy Czapla ◽

Zenon Nogalski ◽

Malgorzata Skwierawska ◽

Monika Kaszuba

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Experimental Factor ◽

Maize Grain

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) used as an organic fertilizer on maize grown for grain. A two-factorial field experiment in a randomized block design was carried out in 2010 and 2011, in north-eastern Poland. Experimental factor I was MBM dose (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t ha-1 year-1), and experimental factor II was the year of the study (two consecutive years). Increasing MBM doses contributed to an increase in maize grain yield and 1000-grain weight. The yield-forming effect of MBM applied at 1.5 t ha-1 year-1 was comparable with that of nitrogen and phosphorus contained in mineral fertilizers. A dose of 2.5 t ha-1 MBM led to a significant increase in maize grain yield. The P and K content of maize grain was determined by MBM dose, whereas the concentrations of N, Mg and Ca in grain were not affected by MBM dose. Significantly higher N, P, K and Mg uptake by maize plants was observed in treatments with the highest MBM dose, compared with the control treatment. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake per 1 t MBM reached 101 kg and 26 kg, respectively. The results of a two-year study show that the maximum MBM dose (2.5 t ha-1 year-1) met the fertilizer requirements of maize with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus.

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The Feasibility of Organic Nutrient Management in Large-scale Sweet Corn Production for Processing

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.22.1.25 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 25-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heidi J. Johnson ◽

Jed B. Colquhoun ◽

Alvin J. Bussan

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Soil Amendments ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic N ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Corn Production ◽

N Content ◽

N Management ◽

Green Manure Crops

There is significant interest from vegetable processors, growers, and consumers in organic sweet corn (Zea mays) production. Organic nitrogen (N) management is particularly challenging in high N consuming crops such as sweet corn because of the low N content and low N to phosphorus (P) ratios of organic soil amendments. Various management programs were compared to determine the optimal combination of soil amendments and green manure crops for organic sweet corn production. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), rye (Secale cereale), and field pea (Pisum sativum) were used as green manure crops. Composted poultry manure and a high N content organic fertilizer were used as organic amendments. Ammonium nitrate was used in a conventional management program for comparison. Treatments were designed to deliver a full rate of N (150 lb/acre), a half rate of N (75 lb/acre), and to limit the amount of P applied. Phosphorus can become a source of pollution when applied to erodible soils, particularly when soils already contain excessive P. Sweet corn yield in many of the organic programs was highly variable among years while the yield was more consistent in the conventional program. This was attributed to differences in organic N mineralization in both the green manure crops and the amendments. The most stable yield from an organic treatment, among years, was achieved using the commercially available organic N fertilizer. Commercially available amendments were costly, and although organic sweet corn received a premium price in years when organic yields were lower, profit was reduced by the high cost of N management.

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Growth and Yield Responses of Three Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. var. Saccharata) Varieties to Local-based Liquid Organic Fertilizer

10.31219/osf.io/5ah3w ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi ◽

Zainal Muktamar ◽

Dwatmadji Dwatmadji ◽

Nanik Setyowati ◽

Sigit Sudjatmiko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Corn Production ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight

Solid organic fertilizing for organically sweet corn production should be combined with foliar application to improve fertilizing effectiveness. Each sweet corn variety had different response to particular liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This experiment aimed to determine growth and yields of three sweet corn varieties to local-based LOF was conducted at CAPS research station (950m above sea level) from March to June 2015, arranged in a factorial completely randomized block design with three replicates. The first factor was three sweet corn varieties, i.e. Talenta, Jambore and Asian Honey, and the second factor was five LOF concentrations,i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, respectively. Results indicated that sweet corn varieties significantly affected plant height, plant leaf area, root fresh-weight,weight of husked ears, weight of unhusked ears, but did not affect diameterof unhusked ear and shoot fresh weight. LOF concentrations did not affect all observed parameters. So did the interaction between varieties and LOF concentrations, except on shoot fresh-weight. Asian Honey variety had the highest plant height, plant leaf area, roots fresh-weight, weight of husked ears, and weight of unhusked ears. There were no different in plant diameter and shoot fresh weight among the tested varieties. Further research should be focused on the use of higher concentration of local-based LOF to provide effective complementary organic fertilizing in sweet corn production.

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Growth and Yield Responses of Three Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. var. Saccharata) Varieties to Local-based Liquid Organic Fertilizer

10.31227/osf.io/tkzcj ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi ◽

Zainal Muktamar ◽

Dwatmadji Dwatmadji ◽

Nanik Setyowati ◽

Sigit Sudjatmiko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Corn Production ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight

Solid organic fertilizing for organically sweet corn production should be combined with foliar application to improve fertilizing effectiveness. Each sweet corn variety had different response to particular liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This experiment aimed to determine growth and yields of three sweet corn varieties to local-based LOF was conducted at CAPS research station (950 m above sea level) from March to June 2015, arranged in a factorial completely randomized block design with three replicates. The first factor was three sweet corn varieties, i.e. Talenta, Jambore and Asian Honey, and the second factor was five LOF concentrations, i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, respectively. Results indicated that sweet corn varieties significantly affected plant height, plant leaf- area, root fresh-weight, weight of husked ears, weight of unhusked ears, but did not affect diameter of unhusked ear and shoot fresh- weight. LOF concentrations did not affect all observed parameters. So did the interaction between varieties and LOF concentrations, except on shoot fresh-weight. Asian Honey variety had the highest plant height, plant leaf-area, roots fresh-weight, weight of hussked ears, and weight of unhusked ears. There were no different in plant diameter and shoot fresh weight among the tested varieties. Further research should be focused on the use of higher concentration of local-based LOF to provide effective complementary organic fertilizing in sweet corn production.

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Estimating Nitrogen Mineralization of Composted Poultry Manure, Organic Fertilizers, and Green Manure Crops for Organic Sweet Corn Production on a Sandy Soil Under Laboratory Conditions

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.22.1.37 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heidi J. Johnson ◽

Jed B. Colquhoun ◽

Alvin J. Bussan ◽

Carrie A.M. Laboski

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soil ◽

Green Manure ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Organic Production ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Corn Production ◽

Total N ◽

Loamy Sand Soil

Organic sweet corn (Zea mays) production is challenging for growers because of the high nitrogen (N) requirements of sweet corn and the relatively low N content of organic soil amendments. Total N supplied and rate of mineralization throughout the growing season are two important aspects in determining the optimal N management program. Green manure (GrM) crops, composted manures, and commercially available organic fertilizers are used to manage N in organic production systems. Using a combination of these tactics can optimize N while minimizing cost. In this study, we used combinations of composted poultry manure (CPM) and two organic fertilizers (one high N and one with a balance of nutrients) with three GrM crops [rye (Secale cereale), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and pea (Pisum sativum)] in a loamy sand soil for a 112-day laboratory incubation study. Total plant available N (PAN) was quantified at six times throughout the 16 weeks to determine total N mineralized and rate of N release from each of the management programs. The CPM and the high N organic fertilizer mineralized completely within the first 6 weeks of the study, while only 65% of the other organic fertilizer mineralized by the end of the study. Total N mineralized from pea grown as a GrM for 48 days was comparable to the amount of N mineralized from rye suggesting that pea as a GrM crop should not receive an N credit in field production on a sandy soil. Significant quantities of PAN were mineralized from alfalfa residue, the equivalent of 80 lb/acre, although this is not sufficient for sweet corn production. The combination of alfalfa and the high N organic fertilizer provided sufficient N for sweet corn production and the mineralization rate closely matched sweet corn need. The release of N from CPM, even in combination with GrM crops, was asynchronous with sweet corn crop need.

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