Nitrogen Management in No‐Tillage Grain Sorghum Production: I. Rate and Time of Application

Field research was conducted from 1987 to 1991 to evaluate the influence of four weed management systems on weed population and species dynamics in conventional-tillage and no-tillage grain sorghum production. These weed management systems included zero, low, medium, and high input systems. The weed seedbank increased faster in zero and low input weed management systems than in the high input weed management systems because of differences in weed control. Tillage influenced weed seed densities as well. Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, horseweed, and sicklepod seed densities often were greater in no-tillage than conventional-tillage plots. Common cocklebur and large crabgrass seed densities were usually greater in conventional-tillage than no-tillage plots. Smooth pigweed seed densities were not affected by tillage. Increasing weed management inputs diminished differences between tillage systems. Smooth pigweed dominated the weed populations after 4 yr in both tillage systems even in high input systems.

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Effect of tillage practice on grain sorghum production in northern New South Wales

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9890843 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 843 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

JF Holland ◽

WL Felton

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

No Tillage ◽

Potential Yield ◽

South Wales ◽

Moisture Storage ◽

Sorghum Production ◽

Method Of Production

Grain sorghum was sown at 5 sites in northern New South Wales to examine the response of this crop to no-tillage compared with cultivated fallows. The sites were at Duri and Tamworth in 1980-81, and Warialda, Croppa Creek and Burren Junction in 1982-83. Other treatments investigated were: rates of atrazine applied in the fallow at 4 sites, the gypsum x tillage interaction at 2 sites, and effect of stubble burning during the cultivated fallow at 2 sites. An average of 31 mm more water was stored in the soil with a no-tillage fallow, and this was associated with a consistent grain yield advantage averaging 0.45 t/ha compared with cultivated, stubble retained fallows over all sites. At Warialda and Croppa Creek the stubble on the cultivated treatments from the 1981 wheat crop was either retained or burnt. Moisture accumulation and yield were substantially reduced in the stubble burnt treatment, particularly at Warialda. There was a yield advantage of the no-tillage treatment over the stubble burnt cultivated treatment of about 1.8 t/ha at Warialda, and 0.7 t/ha at Croppa Creek. At Burren Junction, gypsum increased grain sorghum yield by 0.57 t/ha in both the cultivated and no-tillage treatments, indicating that it was not necessary to incorporate the gypsum to improve soil structure. The results of this study indicate that no-tillage sorghum, using atrazine as the primary method of weed control, is an efficient method of production. Potential yield advantages of about 0.5 t/ha over cultivated fallows with stubble retained, and greater yield advantages in comparison with cultivated fallows with burnt stubble, are associated with improved moisture storage.

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Effect of Soil Moisture Regime and Row Spacing on Grain Sorghum Production 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100030002x ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 344-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Z. Plaut ◽

A. Blum ◽

I. Arnon

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Moisture Regime ◽

Soil Moisture Regime ◽

Sorghum Production

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Spatial and temporal patterns of lodging in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Australia

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp19296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Xuemin Wang ◽

Emma Mace ◽

Colleen Hunt ◽

Alan Cruickshank ◽

Graeme Hammer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Production Environments ◽

Central Highlands ◽

Sorghum Production

Grown in water-limited environments, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is often exposed to water deficits of varying extent and timing. One of the impacts of water stress on sorghum production is lodging; however, there has been no published study quantifying the temporal and spatial frequency and severity of lodging in grain sorghum in Australia. In this study, we investigated the frequency and severity of lodging, using a dataset of 83 advanced yield-testing trials of the sorghum pre-breeding program grown in the seven major sorghum-production environments in Australia over 14 summer growing seasons. Lodging occurred in most production regions but with varying frequency and severity. Lodging was significantly greater in regions that were more prone to water stress (e.g. Central Highlands in Queensland) and significantly lower in regions that were less likely to suffer from water stress (e.g. Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wale) compared with the overall average across regions. The severity of lodging also varied across regions, with the most severe lodging (>20%) occurring in Central Highlands and Western Downs in Queensland. In addition, seasonal patterns of lodging frequency and severity were also observed. Over the 14 growing seasons, the frequency of lodging varied from 0% to 100%, with the most severe lodging (>20%) observed in 2005, 2016 and 2017. The Southern Oscillation Index explained 29% of the seasonal variation in lodging frequency. The findings of this study clearly support a link between lodging incidence and water stress across regions and seasons. Our data also showed that although there was a substantial turnover of commercial hybrids during the period of this study, the level of resistance to lodging appeared not to have improved. It is possible that this is due to plant breeders trading off improvements in lodging resistance to increase grain yield.

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Grain and Forage Sorghum Production with No‐Tillage on Dryland

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000020011x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 193-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Paul W. Unger

Keyword(s):

No Tillage ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Sorghum Production

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Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Selective Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00044481 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 631-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Corey V. Ransom ◽

James J. Kells

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Field Studies ◽

No Tillage ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Postemergence Herbicides ◽

Shoot Emergence

Field studies were conducted from 1994 to 1996 in Michigan to evaluate postemergence (POST) herbicides for hemp dogbane control in corn. Studies were initiated at no-tillage and chisel-plowed sites each of the three years. Nicosulfuron and primisulfuron were evaluated alone and in combination with 2,4-D amine or dicamba. In 1995 and 1996, CGA-152005 plus primisulfuron was also applied alone and in combination with 2,4-D or dicamba. Control varied among years and sites. Nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and CGA-152005 plus primisulfuron applied alone controlled 30% of the hemp dogbane, and dicamba or 2,4-D alone controlled 42 and 66%, respectively. Tank mixtures of nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, or CGA-152005 plus primisulfuron with dicamba were more effective and more consistent than dicamba alone. Combinations of nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, or CGA-152005 plus primisulfuron with 2,4-D gave the most effective and consistent control across sites, with an average of 93% control. In general, treatments controlled only shoots that had emerged at the time of application. New shoots emerged following herbicide application at the chisel-tillage sites in 1994 and 1995 but not at the no-tillage sites. However, in 1996, shoot emergence following treatment occurred in both no-tillage and chisel-tillage sites.

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Tolerance of grain sorghum to PRE- and POST-applied photosystem II–inhibiting herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 699-703

Author(s):

Jason K. Norsworthy ◽

Jacob Richburg ◽

Tom Barber ◽

Trenton L. Roberts ◽

Edward Gbur

Keyword(s):

Photosystem Ii ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Production Systems ◽

Control Program ◽

The United States ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Yield Data ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Sorghum Production

AbstractAtrazine offers growers a reliable option to control a broad spectrum of weeds in grain sorghum production systems when applied PRE or POST. However, because of the extensive use of atrazine in grain sorghum and corn, it has been found in groundwater in the United States. Given this issue, field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville and Marianna, Arkansas, to explore the tolerance of grain sorghum to applications of assorted photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides in combination with S-metolachlor (PRE and POST) or mesotrione (POST only) as atrazine replacements. All experiments were designed as a factorial, randomized complete block; the two factors were (1) PSII herbicide and (2) the herbicide added to create the mixture. The PSII herbicides were prometryn, ametryn, simazine, fluometuron, metribuzin, linuron, diuron, atrazine, and propazine. The second factor consisted of either no additional herbicide, S-metolachlor, or mesotrione; however, mesotrione was excluded in the PRE experiments. Crop injury estimates, height, and yield data were collected or calculated in both studies. In the PRE study, injury was less than 10% for all treatments except those containing simazine, which caused 11% injury 28 d after application (DAA). Averaged over PSII herbicide, S-metolachlor–containing treatments caused 7% injury at 14 and 28 DAA. Grain sorghum in atrazine-containing treatments yielded 97% of the nontreated. Grain sorghum receiving other herbicide treatments had significant yield loss due to crop injury, compared with atrazine-containing treatments. In the POST study, ametryn- and prometryn-containing treatments were more injurious than all other treatments 14 DAA. Grain sorghum yield in all POST treatments was comparable to atrazine, except prometryn plus mesotrione, which was 65% of the nontreated. More herbicides should be evaluated to find a comparable fit to atrazine when applied PRE in grain sorghum. However, when applied POST, diuron, fluometuron, linuron, metribuzin, propazine, and simazine have some potential to replace atrazine in terms of crop tolerance and should be further tested as part of a weed control program across a greater range of environments.

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