Forecasting High-Yield Bond Spreads Using the Loan Market as Leading Indicator

Subject Emerging market corporate bonds enter bubble territory. Significance Strong appetite for higher-yielding emerging market (EM) assets this year has compressed corporate bond spreads the most since the global financial crisis, fuelling concerns of a bubble. The sharpest compression has occurred in Asia where spreads on the Asian component of JPMorgan’s benchmark EM corporate bond index have fallen below their mid-2014 post-crisis low. Low volatility and the enduring ‘search for yield’ are underpinning demand but the scope for a correction is increasing as valuations are increasingly stretched -- particularly in Asian high-yield, and in non-investment grade bonds -- while concerns are high about China’s crackdown on financial leverage. Impacts The dollar has erased its post-election gain; it may fall more in coming weeks. The oil price has risen 10% since May 9 on rising confidence that OPEC will extend output cuts but further increases will be limited. The ‘Vix’ equities volatility index, Wall Street’s ‘fear gauge’, is close to a historic low despite the political turmoil in Washington.

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Quality films from carbon fiber evaporation for thorough coverage of TEM grids

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104157 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 418-419

Author(s):

N. Tempel ◽

M. C. Ledbetter

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Low Noise ◽

Vacuum Evaporation ◽

High Yield ◽

Good Adhesion ◽

Noise Structure ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Carbon Foils

Carbon films have been a support of choice for high resolution electron microscopy since the introduction of vacuum evaporation of carbon. The desirable qualities of carbon films and methods of producing them has been extensively reviewed. It is difficult to get a high yield of grids by many of these methods, especially if virtually all of the windows must be covered with a tightly bonded, quality film of predictable thickness. We report here a method for producing carbon foils designed to maximize these attributes: 1) coverage of virtually all grid windows, 2) freedom from holes, wrinkles or folds, 3) good adhesion between film and grid, 4) uniformity of film and low noise structure, 5) predictability of film thickness, and 6) reproducibility.Our method utilizes vacuum evaporation of carbon from a fiber onto celloidin film and grid bars, adhesion of the film complex to the grid by carbon-carbon contact, and removal of the celloidin by acetone dissolution. Materials must be of high purity, and cleanliness must be rigorously maintained.

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Effects of high pressure on the crystallization of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) laminate composites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100177519 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 876-877

Author(s):

Hong-Ming Lin ◽

C. H. Liu ◽

R. F. Lee

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Sample Surface ◽

High Yield ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Laminate Composites ◽

Peek Composite ◽

Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽

Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a crystallizable thermoplastic used as composite matrix materials in application which requires high yield stress, high toughness, long term high temperature service, and resistance to solvent and radiation. There have been several reports on the crystallization behavior of neat PEEK and of CF/PEEK composite. Other reports discussed the effects of crystallization on the mechanical properties of PEEK and CF/PEEK composites. However, these reports were all concerned with the crystallization or melting processes at or close to atmospheric pressure. Thus, the effects of high pressure on the crystallization of CF/PEEK will be examined in this study.The continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) laminate composite with 68 wt.% of fibers was obtained from Imperial Chemical Industry (ICI). For the high pressure experiments, HIP was used to keep these samples under 1000, 1500 or 2000 atm. Then the samples were slowly cooled from 420 °C to 60 °C in the cooling rate about 1 - 2 degree per minute to induce high pressure crystallization. After the high pressure treatment, the samples were scanned in regular DSC to study the crystallinity and the melting temperature. Following the regular polishing, etching, and gold coating of the sample surface, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to image the microstructure of the crystals. Also the samples about 25mmx5mmx3mm were prepared for the 3-point bending tests.

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Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of indolizino[8,7-b]indole alkaloid derivatives based on the tandem reaction of tertiary enamides

Organic Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d0qo01147a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin-Ming Xu ◽

Ming Xie ◽

Jiazhu Li ◽

Mei-Xiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Indole Alkaloid ◽

Enantioselective Synthesis ◽

High Yield ◽

Tandem Reaction ◽

Indole Derivatives

An exquisite Pybox/Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed asymmetric tandem reaction of tertiary enamides was developed, which enabled the expeditious synthesis of indolizino[8,7-b]indole derivatives in high yield, excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.

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