The Cost-Benefit Measure for Local Public Policies: Social Benefit Function and the Compensation Test

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhito Kono ◽  
Akio Kishi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Benefit Function ◽  
The Cost

Analysis of Recycling Network Model on Scrapped Automobile Exhaust Catalysts Based on Perspective of Environmental Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Bao Chen ◽  
Hui Qiang Cheng ◽  
Yu Feng Wu ◽  
Jun Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Exhaust Catalysts ◽  
Benefit Function ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuzzy Parameters ◽  
Automobile Catalysts

The paper argues that auto exhaust catalysts should be recycled to the whole industry chain as its the important part of the auto. After examining the current situation of scraped automobile catalysts in china, the article thinks that the recycling can not only contribute to environmental protection, also can resolve the current contradiction of rare material resources supplying gap in China. Especially when we improved the recycling efficiency of scrapped auto exhaust purifying catalysts, can environment get a great improvement. Then the paper considers a static and single-cycle recycling model contains three outlets, calculates the cost-benefit function, and gives one general decision-making process with two-dimensional linear programming under fuzzy parameters.

Cost-benefit analysis of malaria elimination phase surveillance measures in Fujian Province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-yan Huang ◽  
Shan-ying Zhang ◽  
Zhu-yun Chen ◽  
Han-guo Xie ◽  
Rong Ou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Malaria Surveillance ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Elimination Phase ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cost

Abstract BackgroundMalaria is an insect-borne infectious disease that spreads through bites from infected Anopheles mosquitos or blood transfusions from infected individuals. The disease seriously endangers human life, health, and social and economic development. Against the backdrop of eliminating malaria in Fujian Province, studying the health economics of the surveillance measures for the malaria elimination stage is necessary and essential.MethodsEpidemic data from Fujian Province’s malaria elimination stage from 2005 to 2019 were collected, sorted, and combined with the operation manual and working characteristics of the malaria surveillance program in Fujian Province. The inputs and outputs of malaria surveillance were analyzed by a cost-benefit analysis.ResultsThe cost of the surveillance measures during the 2005–2019 malaria elimination phase was approximately 48.1635 million yuan per year. The cost ratios were as follows: case detection and treatment accounted for 71.53%; health education accounted for 12.28%; epidemic surveillance accounted for 8.84%; supervision and assessment accounted for 4.48%; and training meetings accounted for 2.87%. Fujian Province achieved an average annual total benefit of 7.22 billion yuan at the stage of malaria elimination, of which the economic benefit accounted for 44.26% (about 3.195 billion yuan), and the social benefit accounted for 55.74% (about 4.425 billion yuan). The cost of malaria surveillance per capita was 1.28 yuan and the benefits of malaria surveillance per capita were 192.23 yuan. The net social benefit of malaria surveillance in this stage was 717,200 yuan and the average annual benefit-cost ratio was 149.91:1.ConclusionOver the past 15 years, malaria control work in Fujian Province has achieved excellent economic and social benefits. The work should continue strengthening the surveillance and control of imported malaria cases, increasing health education in high-risk locations (such as those frequented by entry-exit personnel), and enhancing residents’ awareness about prevention and personal protection. The emphasis should also be on improving the cost-benefit ratio for malaria surveillance and consolidating the achievements of eliminating malaria. The framework and results of this study conform to the principles of health economics, and they have a certain reference value for current malaria surveillance practices.

scholarly journals Social Responsibility Accounting:A Conceptual Framework for Universal Acceptance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2342-2348
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Responsibility Accounting

The growing instance of corporate frauds has necessitated the stronger regulations in the field of corporate with the help of increasing technological invocations. The Social Responsibility Accounting is a phrase that is gaining significance in such a corporate environment to bring light on the societal obligations. In spite of the growing stress laid on the need for Social Responsibility Accounting, the regulatory framework even in the most advanced economies has failed to establish a universally accepted standard for such reporting, as is available for traditional financial information reporting. The present study aims to identify the most widely accepted models and critically review them, to enhance its applicability in the modern-day business environment. For that purpose the various models of social responsibility accounting such as Seidler’s Model of Social Accounting, Ralph’s Comprehensive Social Benefit Cost Model, and The Cost-Benefit Analysis Technique (ABT Associate model are analyzed and a Conceptual Frame Work for Social responsibility accounting is suggested based on the analysis of these models. Such a model combines all the superior aspects of all models for the purpose of culminating all primary stakeholders’ perspective.

scholarly journals Private and Social Returns to Education in Labor Surplus Economies

2018 ◽  
pp. 321-342
Author(s):  
Gary S. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Education ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Demand For Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this chapter is to consider the cost-benefit criterion for resource allocation in labour surplus economies calling particular attention to the contrasts with full employment economies. The specific plan is as follows. Section 1 reviews the debate over the applicability of cost-benefit analysis to problems of investment in education. Section 2 draws two important distinctions which are not always clear to educational planners and enumerates the likely benefits, both private and social, from education. Section 3 considers the case of full employment economies. Section 4 looks at the private returns to education in labour surplus economies in relation to the demand for education. Section 5 considers the social costs and benefits in labour surplus economies. Section 6 raises the problems of measuring marginal social rates of return and demonstrates the inadequacy of wage differentials as a measure of marginal social benefit. Section 7 summarizes the main points.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

What's it Worth? Improving Surface Water Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Newsome ◽  
C. D. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Many countries are investing in measures to improve surface water quality, but the investment programmes for so doing are increasingly becoming subject to cost-benefit analysis. Whilst the cost of control measures can usually be determined for individual improvement schemes, there are currently no established procedures for valuing the benefits attributable to improved surface water quality. The paper describes a methodology that has been derived that now makes this possible.

The Mismatch between Expectations and Realities of AS4 Audits: A Post-Implementation Research Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Aghazadeh ◽  
Marietta Peytcheva
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Research ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Material Weakness ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Auditing Standards ◽  
Equilibrium Market ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research Analysis

SUMMARY We conduct a post-implementation research analysis of AS4, a standard guiding voluntary audits of material weakness (MW) remediation disclosures, to understand the reasons for the scarcity of AS4 audits in practice. We use multiple methods (experiments, comment letter analysis, and surveys) to understand the perspectives of key stakeholders. We find that regulators' expectations of the use of the standard did not come to fruition because an equilibrium market for active use of the standard could not be achieved; that managers desire to engage in AS4 audits for the riskier MWs but do not expect the associated costs to be high; and that auditors are reluctant to audit riskier MWs and would charge a considerable risk premium. Finally, we find that investors value AS4 audits, especially for riskier MWs, and find value in an AS4 audit for those risky MWs beyond that of the year-end audit. The overall findings of our study indicate that a mismatch in the cost-benefit functions of the key stakeholders led to a lack of AS4 audits. Our findings are important given the high costs associated with auditing standards development and approval.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Use of VCS2000 for Pork Carcass Meat Yield Grading in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Juntae Kim ◽  
Hyo-Dong Han ◽  
Wang Yeol Lee ◽  
Collins Wakholi ◽  
Jayoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
The Cost

Currently, the pork industry is incorporating in-line automation with the aim of increasing the slaughtered pork carcass throughput while monitoring quality and safety. In Korea, 21 parameters (such as back-fat thickness and carcass weight) are used for quality grading of pork carcasses. Recently, the VCS2000 system—an automatic meat yield grading machine system—was introduced to enhance grading efficiency and therefore increase pork carcass production. The VCS2000 system is able to predict pork carcass yield based on image analysis. This study also conducted an economic analysis of the system using a cost—benefit analysis. The subsection items of the cost-benefit analysis considered were net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (BC ratio), and each method was verified through sensitivity analysis. For our analysis, the benefits were grouped into three categories: the benefits of reducing labor costs, the benefits of improving meat yield production, and the benefits of reducing pig feed consumption through optimization. The cost-benefit analysis of the system resulted in an NPV of approximately 615.6 million Korean won, an IRR of 13.52%, and a B/C ratio of 1.65.

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