The Impact of WIC on Birth Outcomes: New Evidence from South Carolina Births

This paper reviews and interprets the literature on the effects of school resources on students’ eventual earnings and educational attainment. In addition, new evidence is presented on the impact of the great disparity in school resources between black and white students in North and South Carolina that existed in the first half of the twentieth century, and the subsequent narrowing of these resource disparities. Following birth cohorts over time, gaps in earnings and educational attainment for blacks and whites in the Carolinas tend to mirror the gaps in school resources.

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Protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of the Nurse-Family Partnership’s home visiting program in South Carolina on maternal and child health outcomes

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-020-04916-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Margaret A. McConnell ◽

R. Annetta Zhou ◽

Michelle W. Martin ◽

Rebecca A. Gourevitch ◽

Maria Steenland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

South Carolina ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Low Income ◽

Home Visiting ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Policy-makers are increasingly seeking rigorous evidence on the impact of programs that go beyond typical health care settings to improve outcomes for low-income families during the critical period around the transition to parenthood and through early childhood. Methods This study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of the Nurse-Family Partnership’s expansion in South Carolina. The scientific trial was made possible by a “Pay for Success” program embedded within a 1915(b) Waiver from Medicaid secured by the South Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. This protocol describes study procedures and defines primary and secondary health-related outcomes that can be observed during the intervention period (including pregnancy through the child’s first 2 years of life). Primary study outcomes include (1) a composite indicator for adverse birth outcomes including being born small for gestational age, low birth weight (less than 2500 g), preterm birth (less than 37 weeks’ gestation), or perinatal mortality (fetal death at or after 20 weeks of gestation or mortality in the first 7 days of life), (2) a composite outcome indicating health care utilization or mortality associated with major injury or concern for abuse or neglect occurring during the child’s first 24 months of life, and (3) an indicator for an inter-birth interval of < 21 months. Secondary outcomes are defined similarly in three domains: (1) improving pregnancy and birth outcomes, (2) improving child health and development, and (3) altering the maternal life course through changes in family planning. Discussion Evidence from this trial on the impact of home visiting services delivered at scale as part of a Medicaid benefit can provide policy-makers and stakeholders with crucial information about the effectiveness of home visiting programs in improving health and well-being for low-income mothers and children and about novel financing mechanisms for cross-silo interventions. Trial registration The trial was registered prospectively on the American Economic Association Trial Registry (the primary registry for academic economists doing policy trials) on 16 February 2016 (AEARCTR-0001039). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03360539. Registered on 28 November 2017.

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Should Attitudinal Views toward Innovation Development Play a Role in Policy in Peripheral EU Regions?: New Evidence from Vouchers Program in Northern Ireland

Journal of Innovation Management ◽

10.24840/2183-0606_006.002_0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 121-137

Author(s):

Sean M. McDonald ◽

Remi C. Claire ◽

Alastair H. McPherson

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

Policy Design ◽

Regional Economic Development ◽

Innovation Development ◽

Regional Economic ◽

Eu Regions ◽

Future Policy ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

The impact and effectiveness of policies to support collaboration for Research & Development (R&D) and Innovation is critical to determining the success of regional economic development. (O’Kane, 2008) The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of success of the Innovation Vouchers Program operated by Invest Northern Ireland (Invest NI) from 2009 to 2013 and address if attitudinal views towards innovation development should play in a role in future policy design in peripheral EU regions.

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The Impact of Bond Rating Changes on Corporate Bond Prices: New Evidence from the Over-the-Counter Market

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1364815 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony D. May

Keyword(s):

Corporate Bond ◽

Bond Prices ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Bond Rating ◽

Rating Changes ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

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Does Board Independence Increase Firm Value? Evidence from Closed-End Funds

Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis ◽

10.1017/s0022109019000929 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Matthew E. Souther

Keyword(s):

Instrumental Variables ◽

Firm Value ◽

Board Independence ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Closed End Funds ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

Researchers disagree about the impact of board independence on firm value. The disagreement generally stems from the endogenous nature of board appointments. I add new evidence to this discussion by using a sample of closed-end funds to document the value-enhancing effects of independent boards. Using cross-sectional, difference-in-differences, and instrumental variables techniques, I address these endogeneity concerns and find consistent evidence that board independence is associated with higher firm value.

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The impact of order flow on event study returns: New evidence from zero-leverage firms

The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance ◽

10.1016/j.qref.2021.04.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 627-634

Author(s):

Sijia Zhang ◽

Andros Gregoriou

Keyword(s):

Event Study ◽

Order Flow ◽

The Impact ◽

New Evidence

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Feasibility and preliminary data for a State-wide South Carolina Lupus Registry

Lupus ◽

10.1177/09612033211014591 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096120332110145

Author(s):

Brittany L Smalls ◽

Trevor D Faith ◽

Hetlena Johnson ◽

Edith M Williams

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Preliminary Data ◽

Autoimmune Disorder ◽

Medical Community ◽

Small Samples ◽

Control Board ◽

Prospective Survey ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus is an autoimmune disorder whose cause and reason for disproportionate impact on minorities remains enigmatic. Furthermore, statistics describing lupus incidence and prevalence are outdated and often based on small samples. To begin to address this disparity this report describes preliminary data to be utilized in the development of a state-wide lupus registry in South Carolina. Methods A prospective survey and retrospective data from the South Carolina Budget and Control Board Office of Research & Statistics were used to capture data pertaining to knowledge of lupus, prevalence, and access to lupus care. Results Retrospective ORS data indicated there were 11,690 individuals living with lupus in 2014 with the average direct cost of $69,999.40 in medical care. Prospective surveys (N = 325), in over 16 locations in South Carolina, showed 31% knew someone with lupus, 16% had been diagnosed with lupus, and 50% did not know of a medical facility that treated lupus. Conclusion A lupus registry and repository will provide ongoing access for researchers on the impact of lupus on communities in South Carolina. Lupus is highly prevalent, but disproportionately represented in terms of patient information and participation in clinical trials, so it is also expected that this preliminary work will provide an ongoing process in which the medical community can better engage lupus patients.

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1415. A qualitative study of intersectional stigma among older adults living with HIV who are victims of childhood sexual abuse

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S715-S715

Author(s):

Chigozie A Nkwonta ◽

Monique Brown ◽

Titilayo James ◽

Amandeep Kaur

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

South Carolina ◽

Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽

Hiv Disclosure ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

Intersecting Identities ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Intersectional stigma is based upon co-occurring and intersecting identities or conditions and occurs at multiple levels of influence. Intersectional stigma has been repeatedly associated with poor health behaviors and outcomes. The effect of intersectional stigma among older adults are particularly challenging due to issues related to ageism, loss of social support, and comorbidities. We examined the impact of multiple stigmas on older adults living with HIV who are victims of childhood sexual abuse. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposefully selected heterogeneous sample of 24 adults living with HIV who are 50 years and older in South Carolina. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using thematic analysis. Results Participants shared experiences and perceptions of stigma and discrimination most commonly related to their HIV status and sexuality at the interpersonal/familial and community levels. Four themes emerged to explain the impact of intersectional stigma: depression, lack of HIV disclosure, limited support, and reduced intimacy. Conclusion The complexity of multiple stigmas profoundly shapes life experiences, opportunities, and mental health of older adults living with HIV. This study highlights that public health programs need to consider the impact of intersectional stigma in order to promote the wellbeing of and improve quality of life for older adults living with HIV. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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