Group-Shift and the Consensus Effect

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dillenberger ◽  
Collin Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Group Shift

Information input and the group shift phenomenon in risk taking.

1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin P. Silverthorne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Information Input ◽  
Group Shift

Fuzzy horizon group shift FIR filtering for nonlinear systems with Takagi–Sugeno model

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Min Pak ◽  
Choon Ki Ahn ◽  
Chang Joo Lee ◽  
Peng Shi ◽  
Myo Taeg Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Fir Filtering ◽  
Sugeno Model ◽  
Takagi Sugeno ◽  
Group Shift

THE EFFECTS OF GROUP DECISIONS AND GROUP-SHIFTS ON USE OF THE ANCHORING AND ADJUSTMENT HEURISTIC

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Decisions ◽  
Anchor Condition ◽  
Anchoring And Adjustment ◽  
Anchoring Effects ◽  
Decision Choices ◽  
Shift Effect ◽  
Group Shift

The use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic by individuals and groups was examined. Subjects were either in a high or low anchor condition, and made decisions as individuals (pregroup), within groups, and then again as individuals (postgroup). Within-subject measurements were made to determine the extent of groups' use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic, and the extent of group-shifts. The results indicate that groups are susceptible to anchoring effects in a manner similar to those of individuals. Additionally, a group-shift effect was noted, whereby group discussion allowed subjects' decision choices to move further from the anchor levels than the pregroup-individuals' choices. This further move from the anchor remained after the groups disbanded.

scholarly journals Characterization of plasma unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines in human and rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 345 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine CROSET ◽  
Nicole BROSSARD ◽  
Anne POLETTE ◽  
Michel LAGARDE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Tissue Uptake ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group Shift

Unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPtdCho) bound to albumin circulate in blood plasma and seem to be a novel transport system for carrying polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to tissues that are rich in these fatty acids, such as the brain. The potential of these lysoPtdCho as a significant source of PUFA for cells has been assessed by comparing their plasma concentration with that of unsaturated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) bound to albumin. In humans, the PUFA concentration was 25.9±3.1 nmol/ml for these lysoPtdCho, compared with 33.4±9.6 nmol/ml for NEFA; in rats the equivalent values are 14.2±0.6 and 13.1±1.1 nmol/ml respectively (means±S.E.M.). The lysoPtdCho arachidonic acid content was 2-fold (human) and 5-fold (rat) higher than that of NEFA. In human and rat plasma, unsaturated lysoPtdCho were associated mainly with albumin rather than lipoproteins. The rate and extent of the acyl group shift from the sn-2 to sn-1 position of these lysoPtdCho were studied by the incubation of 1-lyso,2-[14C]C18:2n-6-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) with plasma. The rapid isomerization of this lipid occurred at pH 7 (20% isomerization within 2 min) and was not prevented by its association with albumin. The position of the acyl group in the lysoPtdCho circulating in plasma was studied by collecting blood directly in organic solvents containing 1-lyso,2-[14C]C18:2n-6-GPC as a marker of isomerization that occurred during sampling and analysis. Approx. 50% of the PUFA was located at the sn-2 position, demonstrating that substantial concentrations of 2-acyl-lysoPtdCho are present in plasma and are available for tissue uptake, where they can be reacylated at the sn-1 position to form membrane phospholipids.

Effect of Reinstating Initial Response on the Shift to Risk

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha B. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Initial Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shift Experiment ◽  
Group Shift ◽  
Female Subjects

30 male and 30 female subjects were exposed to 3 risk and 3 caution dilemmas in a group-shift experiment. Half the subjects, the Control condition, went through the standard paradigm. The other half, the Reinstatement condition, were allowed to see their original prediscussion responses before making their final postdiscussion responses. Group shifts occurred in both conditions and for both types of dilemmas. Individual prediscussion-postdiscussion shifts occurred on both types of dilemmas in the Control condition but only on caution dilemmas in the Reinstatement condition. The results are interpreted to mean that an individual's shift to risk is dependent on his being able to distort his memory of his initial response.

scholarly journals Social Norm Perception in Groups with Outliers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Dannals ◽  
Dale T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Average Behavior ◽  
Norm Perception ◽  
Group Shift

Social outliers draw a lot of attention from those inside and outside their group and yet little is known about their impact on perceptions of their group as a whole. The present studies examine how outliers influence observers’ summary perceptions of a group’s behavior and inferences about the group’s descriptive and prescriptive norms. Across four studies (N = 1739) we examine how observers perceive descriptive and prescriptive social norms in groups containing outliers of varying degrees. We find consistent evidence that observers overweight outlying behavior when judging the descriptive and prescriptive norms, but overweight outliers less as they become more extreme, especially in perceptions of the prescriptive norm. We find this pattern across norms pertaining to punctuality (Studies 1-2, 4) and clothing formality (Study 3) and for outliers who are both prescriptively and descriptively deviant (e.g. late arrivers), as well as for outliers who are only descriptive deviants (e.g. early arrivers). We further demonstrate that observers’ perceptions of the group shift in the direction of moderate outliers. This occurs because observers anchor on the outlier’s behavior and adjust their recollections of non-outlying individuals, making their inferences about the group’s average behavior more extreme.

scholarly journals A Different Weight Loss Experience: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Behavioral, Physical, and Psychosocial Changes Associated with Yoga That Promote Weight Loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ross ◽  
A. Brooks ◽  
K. Touchton-Leonard ◽  
G. Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Loss Experience ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Group Shift

Yoga interventions improve obesity-related outcomes including body mass index (BMI), body weight, body fat, and waist circumference, yet it is unclear whether these improvements are due to increased physical activity, increased lean muscle mass, and/or changes in eating behaviors. The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding of the experience of losing weight through yoga.Methods.Semistructured interviews were qualitatively analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological approach.Results.Two distinct groups who had lost weight through yoga responded: those who were overweight and had repeatedly struggled in their attempts to lose weight (55%,n=11) and those who were of normal weight and had lost weight unintentionally (45%,n=9). Five themes emerged that differed slightly by group: shift toward healthy eating, impact of the yoga community/yoga culture, physical changes, psychological changes, and the belief that the yoga weight loss experience was different than past weight loss experiences.Conclusions.These findings imply that yoga could offer diverse behavioral, physical, and psychosocial effects that may make it a useful tool for weight loss. Role modeling and social support provided by the yoga community may contribute to weight loss, particularly for individuals struggling to lose weight.

Individual Shifts and the Group-Shift Phenomenon

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 939-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Fischer ◽  
Terry C. Burdeny
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Group Decisions ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Group Change ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Item Orientation ◽  
Group Shift

The effect of group composition on individual decisions was investigated by having nine 3-man groups discuss caution-oriented life dilemma items. Results indicated: (1) that there are individual changes in decision which are not reflected in an over-all group change; (2) stability of decisions is influenced by item orientation; (3) that majority position exerts disproportionate influence on group decisions; (4) that homogeneous groups do not shift; and (5) that conformity, compromise and attitude change effects are evident. Results were discussed in terms of their relevance to a number of theories.

Vicinal phenyl group shift in the lead tetraacetate and related oxidations of 5,5,5-triphenyl-1-pentanol

Tetrahedron ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
pp. 2587-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Lj. Mihailović ◽  
G. Milošević ◽  
A. Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Group Shift
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