Fuel Consumption Dynamics in Europe - Implications of Fuel Tax Reforms for Air Pollution and Carbon Emissions from Road Transport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Zimmer ◽  
Nicolas Koch
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Fuel Tax ◽  
Consumption Dynamics

Reduction of carbon emissions in VRP by gravitational search algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. MirHassani ◽  
S. Mohammadyari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gravitational Search

Purpose – Nowadays, global warming, due to large-scale emissions of greenhouse gasses, is among top environmental issues. The purpose of this paper is to present a problem involving the incorporation of environmental aspects into logistics, which provides a comparison between pollution reduction and distance-based approaches. Design/methodology/approach – In green vehicle routing problem (VRP), the aim is to model and solve an optimization problem in order to minimize the fuel consumption which results in reducing energy consumption as well as air pollution. The Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is adapted and used as a powerful heuristic. Findings – Here, it is shown that a set of routes with minimum length is not an optimal solution for FCVRP model since the total distance is not the only effective factor for fuel consumption and vehicle's load plays an important role too. In many cases, a considerable reduction in emissions can be achieved by only an insignificant increase in costs. Research limitations/implications – Green transportation is a policy toward reducing carbon emissions. This research focussed on routes problem and introduce FCVRP model. GSA is used as a powerful heuristic to obtain high quality routes in a reasonable time. Considering other factors that affecting fuel consumption could make this study more realistic. Practical implications – When a distribution center receives all the information it needs about the demand from all the retail stores it supplies, a VRP is produced. So the models are valid for use by all goods producers and distributors. The preliminary assessment of the proposed model and method carried out on benchmark problems up to 200 nodes. Originality/value – Fuel consumption is one of the most influential factors in transportation costs. This paper introduces an innovative decision-making framework to obtain optimum routes in a vehicle routes problem considering air pollution. The results were compared from fuel consumption as well as total travel distance viewpoints.

scholarly journals Carbon emissions from fossil fuel consumption of Beijing in 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 114028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Shao ◽  
Dabo Guan ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Yuli Shan ◽  
G Q Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

Renewable energy and energy storage to offset diesel generators at expeditionary contingency bases

2021 ◽  
pp. 154851292110513
Author(s):  
Scott M Katalenich ◽  
Mark Z Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
Combat Casualties ◽  
The Military

Expeditionary contingency bases (non-permanent, rapidly built, and often remote outposts) for military and non-military applications represent a unique opportunity for renewable energy. Conventional applications rely upon diesel generators to provide electricity. However, the potential exists for renewable energy, improved efficiency, and energy storage to largely offset the diesel consumed by generators. This paper introduces a new methodology for planners to incorporate meteorological data for any location worldwide into a planning tool in order to minimize air pollution and carbon emissions while simultaneously improving the energy security and energy resilience of contingency bases. Benefits of the model apply not just to the military, but also to any organization building an expeditionary base—whether for humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, scientific research, or remote community development. Modeling results demonstrate that contingency bases using energy efficient buildings with batteries, rooftop solar photovoltaics, and vertical axis wind turbines can decrease annual generator diesel consumption by upward of 75% in all major climate zones worldwide, while simultaneously reducing air pollution, carbon emissions, and the risk of combat casualties from resupply missions.

scholarly journals Biomass burning fuel consumption dynamics in the tropics and subtropics assessed from satellite

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3717-3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Andela ◽  
Guido R. van der Werf ◽  
Johannes W. Kaiser ◽  
Thijs T. van Leeuwen ◽  
Martin J. Wooster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Consumption Dynamics

Abstract. Landscape fires occur on a large scale in (sub)tropical savannas and grasslands, affecting ecosystem dynamics, regional air quality and concentrations of atmospheric trace gasses. Fuel consumption per unit of area burned is an important but poorly constrained parameter in fire emission modelling. We combined satellite-derived burned area with fire radiative power (FRP) data to derive fuel consumption estimates for land cover types with low tree cover in South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia. We developed a new approach to estimate fuel consumption, based on FRP data from the polar-orbiting Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the geostationary Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in combination with MODIS burned-area estimates. The fuel consumption estimates based on the geostationary and polar-orbiting instruments showed good agreement in terms of spatial patterns. We used field measurements of fuel consumption to constrain our results, but the large variation in fuel consumption in both space and time complicated this comparison and absolute fuel consumption estimates remained more uncertain. Spatial patterns in fuel consumption could be partly explained by vegetation productivity and fire return periods. In South America, most fires occurred in savannas with relatively long fire return periods, resulting in comparatively high fuel consumption as opposed to the more frequently burning savannas in Sub-Saharan Africa. Strikingly, we found the infrequently burning interior of Australia to have higher fuel consumption than the more productive but frequently burning savannas in northern Australia. Vegetation type also played an important role in explaining the distribution of fuel consumption, by affecting both fuel build-up rates and fire return periods. Hummock grasslands, which were responsible for a large share of Australian biomass burning, showed larger fuel build-up rates than equally productive grasslands in Africa, although this effect might have been partially driven by the presence of grazers in Africa or differences in landscape management. Finally, land management in the form of deforestation and agriculture also considerably affected fuel consumption regionally. We conclude that combining FRP and burned-area estimates, calibrated against field measurements, is a promising approach in deriving quantitative estimates of fuel consumption. Satellite-derived fuel consumption estimates may both challenge our current understanding of spatiotemporal fuel consumption dynamics and serve as reference datasets to improve biogeochemical modelling approaches. Future field studies especially designed to validate satellite-based products, or airborne remote sensing, may further improve confidence in the absolute fuel consumption estimates which are quickly becoming the weakest link in fire emission estimates.

scholarly journals Chipping machines: disc and drum energy requirements

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Facello ◽  
Eugenio Cavallo ◽  
Raffaele Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Processed Material

Air pollution and fossil fuel reserves exhaustion are increasing the importance of the biomass-derived products, in particular wood, as source of clean and renewable energy for the production of electricity or steam. In order to improve the global efficiency and the entire production chain, we have to evaluate the energetic aspects linked to the process of transformation, handling and transport of these materials. This paper reports results on a comparison between two chippers of similar size using different cutting technology: disc and drum tool respectively. During trials, fuel consumption, PTO torque and speed, processing time and weight of processed material were recorded. Power demand, fuel consumption, specific energy and productivity were computed. The machine was fed with four different feedstock types (chestnut logs, poplar logs, poplar branches, poplar sawmill residues). 15 repetitions for each combination of feedstock-tool were carried out. The results of this study show that the disc tool requires, depending on the processed material, from 12 to 18% less fuel per unit of material processed than the drum tool, and consequently, from 12 to 16% less specific energy. In particular, the highest difference between tools was found in branches processing whereas the smallest was in poplar logs. Furthermore the results of the investigation indicate, that, in testing conditions, the productivity of drum tool is higher (8%) than disc tool.

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