Highly Promoted Electrocatalytic Activity of Spinel CoFe2O4 by Combination with Er0.4Bi1.6O3 as a Bifunctional Oxygen Electrode for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) allow the eco-friendly and direct conversion between chemical energies (e.g., hydrogen) and electric power, effectively mitigating the environmental issues associated with excessive fossil fuel consumption. Herein,...

Macroeconomic Factors Influencing Public Policy Strategies for Blue and Green Hydrogen

The aim of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting hydrogen and Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies (“CCS”) policies, taking into consideration Fossil Fuel Consumption, Oil Reserves, the Debt/GDP Ratio, the Trilemma Index and other variables with respect to OECD countries. STATA 17 was used for the analysis. The results confirm the hypothesis that countries with high fossil fuel consumption and oil reserves are investing in blue hydrogen and CCS towards a “zero-carbon-emission” perspective. Moreover, countries with a good Debt/GDP ratio act most favorably to green policies by raising their Public Debt, because Foreign Direct Investments are negatively correlated with those kinds of policies. Future research should exploit Green Finance policy decision criteria on green and blue hydrogen.

Fossil fuel, industrial growth and inward FDI impact on CO2 emissions in Vietnam: testing the EKC hypothesis

PurposeIn this paper, the authors investigate that the increasing level of fossil fuel combustion in the industrial sector has been considered the prime cause for the emissions of greenhouse gas. Meanwhile, the research focusing on the impact of fossil fuel consumption on the emission of CO2 is limited for the developing countries containing Vietnam. This study applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach with structural breaks presence, and the Bayer–Hanck combined cointegration method to observe the rationality of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the dynamic relationship between the industrialization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Vietnam, capturing the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and the fossil fuel consumption over the period of 1975–2019. The outcomes revealed the confirmation of cointegration among the variables and both short and long-run regression parameters indicated the evidence for the presence of a U-shaped association between the level of industrial growth and CO2 emission that is further confirmed by employing the Lind and Mehlum U-test for robustness purpose. The results of Granger causality discovered a unidirectional causality from FDI and fossil fuel consumption to CO2 emission in the short run. For the policy points, this study suggests the use of efficient and low carbon-emitting technologies.Design/methodology/approachIn order to test for consistency and robustness of the cointegration analysis, this study also applied the ARDL bound testing method to find out long-run association among variables with the existence of the structural break in the dataset. The ARDL method was preferred to other traditional cointegration models; because of the smaller dataset, the results obtained from the ARDL method are efficient and consistent and equally appropriate for I(1) and I(0) variables.FindingsThe short-run and long-run causal associations among variables have been observed by employing the error correction term (ECT) augmented Granger-causality test that revealed the presence of the long-run causality among variables only when the CO2 emission is employed as a dependent variable. The outcomes for short-run causality indicated the presence of unidirectional causality between consumption of fossil fuel and CO2 emission, where the fossil fuel consumptions Granger-cause CO2 emission. Industrial growth has also been found to have an impact on fossil fuel consumptions, however not the opposite. This advocates that the policies aimed at reducing the fossil fuel consumptions would not be harmful to industrial growth as other energy efficient and cleaner technology could be implemented by the firms to substitute the fossil fuel usage.Originality/valueThe study explored the dynamic relationship among FDI, consumption of fossil fuel, industrial growth and the CO2 emission in Vietnam for the time period 1975–2019. The newly established Bayer–Hanck joint cointegration method and the ARDL bound testing were employed by taking into account the structural breaks in the dataset.

Impacts of Paris agreement, fossil fuel consumption and net energy imports on CO2 emissions: A panel data approach for three West European countries

Global warming is a growing concern and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the primary accelerator of global warming in the world. Since global warming is threatening the lives of all mankind and species, the Paris agreement was conceived to avert the negatives of climate change and it was adopted by the majority of countries. This paper seeks to examine the impacts of the Paris agreement, fossil fuel consumption, and net energy imports on CO2 emissions of Germany, France, and Spain in the post-Paris agreement with Panel datasets from 1995 to 2019 using both fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and dynamic OLS (DOLS). The purpose of this study is to analyze how the Paris agreement has changed the amount of CO2 emissions in 3 industrialized countries in western Europe. The findings of the two methods indicate that net energy import and three fossil fuel consumption parameters have meaningful positive effects on CO2 emissions. Key findings suggest that based on FMOLS results the Paris agreement has a very negligible, though negative impact around 0.0087 on carbon dioxide emissions. While according to DOLS results it still has a negative, but also meaningless impact. Based on statistics, oil consumption has the most to do with carbon dioxide emissions, which is followed by gas and coal consumption, thereby substitution with fewer pollutant energies, such as renewable energies can help CO2 emissions mitigation.

Evaluating the Dynamic Energy Production Efficiency in APEC Economies

This study introduces the translation adjustment model of Seiford and Zhu (2002) into dynamic DEA models to measure and analyze the dynamic energy efficiency of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies from 2010 to 2014. The APEC economies are divided into annual energy and overall energy efficiency ratings, and improvement directions are proposed for the different variables. With the proposal of magnitude, this study discusses the changes in intertemporal conversion variables and proposes suggestions for improvement. Finally, this study analyzes the implications of energy investment and the efficiency policies of APEC economies. The results show that economies with the lowest overall energy efficiency ratings have great potential for improvement. Reducing capital stock, labor, fossil fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions while increasing GDP can increase energy efficiency ratings. However, economies do not want to reduce the state’s capital stock, and labor and population birth adjustments are difficult. Energy efficiency can only start by adjusting the consumption of fossil fuels, CO2 emissions, and GDP. The results indicate that to improve energy efficiency and reduce fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, economies are expected to increase their GDP unless they enact cuts through policy and technical approaches, appropriately adjust their energy policies, and actively develop new energy technologies to effectively reduce CO2 emissions and achieve optimal energy efficiency.

Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on the environment. This paper presents a study about the inclusive impact of social and economic factors on the environment by analyzing the association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI), under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we developed a two-stage methodology. At first, a multivariate model was constructed that accurately explains CO2 emissions by selecting the appropriate set of control variables based on model quality statistics. The control variables include GDP per capita, urbanization, fossil fuel consumption, and trade openness. Then, quantile regression was used to empirically analyze the inclusive relationship between CO2 emissions and the socioeconomic indicators, which revealed many interesting results. First, decreasing CO2 emissions was coupled with inclusive socioeconomic development. Both LPI and HDI had a negative marginal relationship with CO2 emissions at quantiles from 0.2 to 1. Second, the EKC hypothesis was valid for G20 countries during the study period with an inflection point around quantile 0.15. Third, the fossil fuel consumption had a significant positive relation with CO2 emissions, whereas urbanization and trade openness had a negative relation during the study period. Finally, this study empirically indicates that effective policies and policy coordination on broad social, living, and economic dimensions can lead to reductions in CO2 emissions while preserving inclusive growth.

Experimental data acquisition and analysis of an underground thermal storage medium

A ground source heat pump (GSHP) is a system that uses the ground as a heat source/sink to provide heating/cooling to a conditioned space. During the winter, a GSHP uses a heat pump cycle to move heat from the ground into a space in order to heat it In the summer, the space is cooled as heat is pumped out of the space and back into the ground GSHPs are a sustainable alternative to conventional HVAC systems because they do not rely on direct fossil fuel consumption, and they are highly efficient as they move heat rather than generate it In addition, the temperature of the ground remains constant throughout the year, resulting in a greater thermal efficiency, and therefore less energy consumption

Experimental data acquisition and analysis of an underground thermal storage medium

A ground source heat pump (GSHP) is a system that uses the ground as a heat source/sink to provide heating/cooling to a conditioned space. During the winter, a GSHP uses a heat pump cycle to move heat from the ground into a space in order to heat it In the summer, the space is cooled as heat is pumped out of the space and back into the ground GSHPs are a sustainable alternative to conventional HVAC systems because they do not rely on direct fossil fuel consumption, and they are highly efficient as they move heat rather than generate it In addition, the temperature of the ground remains constant throughout the year, resulting in a greater thermal efficiency, and therefore less energy consumption