Is it Really Not About the Money? Victim Needs Following Personal Injury and Property Loss and Their Relative Restoration Through Monetary Compensation and Apology

In proportion to the immense construction of spatial structures is the emergence of catastrophes related to structural damages (e.g. loose connections), thus rendering personal injury and property loss. It is therefore essential to detect spatial bolt looseness. Current methods for detecting spatial bolt looseness mostly focus on contact-type measurement, which may not be practical in some cases. Thus, inspired by the sound-based human diagnostic approach, we develop a novel percussion method using the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient and the memory-augmented neural network in this article. In comparison with current investigations, the main contribution of this article is the detection of multi-bolt looseness for the first time with higher accuracy than prior methods. In particular, in terms of new data obtained via similar joints, the memory-augmented neural network can help avoid inefficient relearn and assimilate new data to provide accurate prediction with only a few data samples, which effectively improves the robustness of detection. Furthermore, percussion was implemented with a robotic arm instead of manual operation, which preliminarily explores the potential of implementing automation applications in real industries. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can guide future development of cyber-physics systems for structural health detection.

Download Full-text

The Law: Excessive Promise and Inadequate Fulfillment1

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/001112877802400205 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 197-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lois G. Forer

Keyword(s):

Compulsory Education ◽

Legal Protection ◽

White Collar ◽

Personal Injury ◽

State Compensation ◽

Administration Of Justice ◽

Protection Of Human Rights ◽

Property Loss ◽

Victims Of Crime ◽

The Law

Despite major advancements in the legal protection of human rights, dis satisfaction with the law and with the administration of justice has reached a new high. A primary cause of this is the criminal law, which has little deterrent capacity, imposes unequal sentences on the poor and the nonpoor, and disregards the problems of the victims of crime. Instead, the wrongdoer should be made to compensate the victim for personal injury or property loss. The author proposes a possible restitution program and argues that this would serve the victim-who is often unable to bear the costs of personal injury, incapacitation, loss of income, and property loss -and might help in deterring and rehabilitating the offender. Also dis cussed are mandatory fines for white collar crimes, state-sponsored em ployment programs for street criminals, and compulsory education in prison for functionally illiterate street criminals. The author recommends that fines for federal crimes be contributed to state compensation funds.

Download Full-text

The Rabbinic and Roman Laws of Personal Injury

AJS Review ◽

10.1017/s0364009415000070 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 303-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan A. Pomeranz

Keyword(s):

Roman Law ◽

Personal Injury ◽

Legal Systems ◽

Minority Culture ◽

Babylonian Talmud ◽

Striking Resemblance ◽

Monetary Compensation ◽

Free People ◽

Shed Light

This paper studies the varied forms of interaction between the rabbinic and Roman legal systems by investigating similarities between the laws of personal injury found in the eighth chapter of Mishnah Bava Kamma and the contemporaneous Roman law. The rabbinic shift away from the talion happened under the influence of the Roman statutes that had replaced the talion with monetary compensation centuries earlier. Roman norms of shame prompted an expansion of the significance of shame in the rabbinic reckoning of damages. Influence, however, is rarely a matter of the passive reception by a minority culture of the dominant culture's norms. The rabbis adapted and reshaped Roman norms in line with the Torah's discomfort with the concept of personal honor. Personal injury laws in the Babylonian Talmud also bear a striking resemblance to the classical Roman laws, though this should not be attributed to direct Roman influence on the rabbis. The Babylonian rabbis shared the Romans' discomfort with evaluating free people as slaves in order to determine compensation for injury. Because rabbinic statements are terse and enigmatic, whereas Roman law is elaborated in detail, the Roman laws shed light on obscure rabbinic teachings and the cultural concerns that they reflect.

Download Full-text

Design Device for Suspension Type Disaster-prevention and Rescue, and Maintenance of Tunnel

The Open Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874149501610010859 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 859-865

Author(s):

Lin Zhi ◽

Chen Xiang ◽

Wang Xue ◽

Chen Si ◽

Li Qin-Xi

Keyword(s):

Operating System ◽

Free Movement ◽

Personal Injury ◽

Disaster Prevention ◽

Guide Rail ◽

Property Loss ◽

Inspection And Maintenance ◽

Fire Extinction ◽

Barrier Free

A suspension tunnel rescue device is studied, which includes a guide rail installed on the top of the tunnel, and an operating system platform mounted on the bottom of the wheel. Advantages: firstly, the rescue platform can achieve a barrier-free movement as it is suspended on the guide rail. In the case of fire in the tunnel, the rescue platform can quickly reach the disaster location to avoid personal injury and property loss even if the tunnel is blocked; secondly, the rescue platform and fire extinction platform can be disassembled from each other, to provide a non-blocking working platform for inspection and maintenance in tunnel. In addition, an umbrella type combined nozzle which is composed of the auxiliary nozzle and the main nozzle was designed. The auxiliary nozzles spray water to isolate the fire while the distribution circumference of the subsidiary nozzles is adjustable.

Download Full-text

Clinical Update: Pain and Suffering

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2003.janfeb02 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 5-5

Author(s):

Sheila Wendler

Keyword(s):

Subjective Experience ◽

Personal Injury ◽

Treatment Interventions ◽

Medical Expenses ◽

Affective Component ◽

Pain Behaviors ◽

The Social ◽

Patient’S Experience ◽

Pain And Suffering ◽

And Training

Abstract Attorneys use the term pain and suffering to indicate the subjective, intangible effects of an individual's injury, and plaintiffs may seek compensation for “pain and suffering” as part of a personal injury case although it is not usually an element of a workers’ compensation case. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, provides guidance for rating pain qualitatively or quantitatively in certain cases, but, because of the subjectivity and privateness of the patient's experience, the AMA Guides offers no quantitative approach to assessing “pain and suffering.” The AMA Guides also cautions that confounders of pain behaviors and perception of pain include beliefs, expectations, rewards, attention, and training. “Pain and suffering” is challenging for all parties to value, particularly in terms of financial damages, and using an individual's medical expenses as an indicator of “pain and suffering” simply encourages excessive diagnostic and treatment interventions. The affective component, ie, the uniqueness of this subjective experience, makes it difficult for others, including evaluators, to grasp its meaning. Experienced evaluators recognize that a myriad of factors play a role in the experience of suffering associated with pain, including its intensity and location, the individual's ability to conceptualize pain, the meaning ascribed to pain, the accompanying injury or illness, and the social understanding of suffering.

Download Full-text

A Trial Consultant's View of the Medical Expert Witness

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2013.julaug03 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Deborah Rutt ◽

Kathyrn Mueller

Keyword(s):

Nonverbal Communication ◽

Expert Testimony ◽

Medical Literature ◽

Expert Witness ◽

Personal Injury ◽

Expert Witnesses ◽

Good Teacher ◽

Medical Expert ◽

Medical Terms ◽

Medical Issues

Abstract Physicians who use the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) often serve as medical expert witnesses. In workers’ compensation cases, the expert may appear in front of a judge or hearing officer; in personal injury and other cases, the physician may testify by deposition or in court before a judge with or without a jury. This article discusses why medical expert witnesses are needed, what they do, and how they can help or hurt a case. Whether it is rendered by a judge or jury, the final opinions rely on laypersons’ understanding of medical issues. Medical expert testimony extracts from the intricacies of the medical literature those facts the trier of fact needs to understand; highlights the medical facts pertinent to decision making; and explains both these in terms that are understandable to a layperson, thereby enabling the judge or jury to render well-informed opinions. For expert witnesses, communication is everything, including nonverbal communication that critically determines if judges and, particularly, jurors believe a witness. To these ends, an expert medical witnesses should know the case; be objective; be a good teacher; state opinions clearly; testify with appropriate professional demeanor; communicate well, both verbally and nonverbally; in verbal communications, explain medical terms and procedures so listeners can understand the case; and avoid medical jargon, finding fault or blaming, becoming argumentative, or appearing arrogant.

Download Full-text