scholarly journals Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Firm Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Gerard ◽  
Lorenzo Lagos ◽  
Edson Severnini ◽  
David E. Card
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
The Impact

Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Employment and Pay Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 3418-3457
Author(s):  
François Gerard ◽  
Lorenzo Lagos ◽  
Edson Severnini ◽  
David Card
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Counterfactual Analysis ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Racial Wage Gap ◽  
Pay Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
College Educated

We measure the effects of firm policies on racial pay differences in Brazil. Non-Whites are less likely to be hired by high-wage firms, explaining about 20 percent of the racial wage gap for both genders. Firm-specific pay premiums for non-Whites are also compressed relative to Whites, contributing another 5 percent for that gap. A counterfactual analysis reveals that about two-thirds of the underrepresentation of non-Whites at higher-wage firms is explained by race-neutral skill-based sorting. Non-skill-based sorting and differential wage setting are largest for college-educated workers, suggesting that the allocative costs of discriminatory hiring and pay policies may be relatively large in Brazil. (JEL J15, J24, J31, J41, J46, J71, O15)

scholarly journals Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Firm Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gerard ◽  
Lorenzo Lagos ◽  
Edson Severnini ◽  
David Card
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
The Impact

Marrying Up: The Role of Sex Ratio in Assortative Matching

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Abramitzky ◽  
Adeline Delavande ◽  
Luis Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Marriage Market ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
The Impact

We assemble a novel dataset to study the impact of male scarcity on marital assortative matching and other marriage market outcomes using the large shock that WWI caused to the number of French men. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that postwar in regions with higher mortality rates: men were less likely to marry women of lower social classes; men were more likely and women less likely to marry; out-of-wedlock births increased; divorce rates decreased; and the age gap decreased. These findings are consistent with men improving their position in the marriage market as they become scarcer. (JEL J12, J16, N34)

Intergenerational Mobility and Unequal School Opportunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Arenas ◽  
Jean Hindriks
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Intergenerational Income Mobility ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Income Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We analyse the impact of unequal school opportunity on intergenerational income mobility and human capital accumulation. Building upon the classical Becker–Tomes–Solon framework, we use a regime-switch model allowing for differences in income transmission across groups. We find that unequal school opportunity raises average human capital because of assortative matching. However, because income dispersion tends to be higher at the top, in most cases unequal school opportunity decreases intergenerational mobility. Calibrating the model to the USA, simulations suggest that school equalisation and desegregation policies have positive effects on mobility at relatively small efficiency costs.

scholarly journals International Standards For Exporting Firms: Evidence From China

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Wenjing Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Iso 9000 ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Firm Exports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Firms

The existing literature provides mixed evidence of the impact of ISO 9000 international standards on country level export growth. Since it is costly to adopt the international standards, it is important to understand how these standards increase exports at the firm level. This paper examines the effect of ISO 9000 standards on firm-level export growth in China, which of all countries has the highest number of firms adopting ISO 9000 standards. With the assortative matching methodology, we first examine the factors related to the choice of applying for the certification. After controlling for this endogeneity issue, our results show that obtaining ISO 9000 standards significantly increases firm exports. Furthermore, we find low-tech firms and non-state-owned enterprises are more likely to benefit from adopting the standards. Overall, our study provides important guidelines for firms applying for the international quality standards.

scholarly journals Analysis of institutional factors that cause gender pay gaps in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Svitlana Tsymbaliuk ◽  
Anna Volkovska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sector Part

Despite Ukraine’s commitments regarding non-discrimination and ensuring gender equality, the issue of gender pay gaps remains relevant. The aim of the study is to identify factors that cause gender pay gaps and assess their impact on wage differences at the institutional level in Ukraine. Based on the generalization of the research results, macroeconomic and microeconomic approaches to the grouping of factors that cause gender pay gaps have been identified. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it has been determined that gender occupational segregation exists in Ukraine, as most women work in low-wage economic activities; women are more likely to lead businesses with a lower level of wages. As the result of the assessment of the impact of various factors on wage differences, it has been found that gender pay gaps are the smallest in the public sector. Part-time employment in 2018 affected gender pay gaps by 3.8%. Based on the correlation factor analysis, the positive impact of increasing the minimum wage and innovative development on reducing gender pay gaps has been substantiated. The hypothesis regarding the impact of collective bargaining on gender pay gaps at the organizational level has been refuted. Promising measures have been identified that would help to create equal opportunities and reduce gender pay gaps, and thus to fulfill Ukraine’s commitments in the context of European integration.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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