Marrying Up: The Role of Sex Ratio in Assortative Matching

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Abramitzky ◽  
Adeline Delavande ◽  
Luis Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Marriage Market ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
The Impact

We assemble a novel dataset to study the impact of male scarcity on marital assortative matching and other marriage market outcomes using the large shock that WWI caused to the number of French men. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that postwar in regions with higher mortality rates: men were less likely to marry women of lower social classes; men were more likely and women less likely to marry; out-of-wedlock births increased; divorce rates decreased; and the age gap decreased. These findings are consistent with men improving their position in the marriage market as they become scarcer. (JEL J12, J16, N34)

scholarly journals Do German Works Councils Counter or Foster the Implementation of Digital Technologies?

2019 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Genz ◽  
Lutz Bellmann ◽  
Britta Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Establishment Survey ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As works councils’ information, consultation and co-determination rights affect the decision process of the management, works councils play a key role in the implementation of digital technologies in establishments. However, previous research focuses on the potential of digital technologies to substitute for labor and its impact on labor market outcomes of workers. This paper adds the role of industrial relations to the existing literature by analyzing the impact of works councils on the implementation of digital technologies. Theoretically, the role of works councils in the digital transformation is ambiguous. Using establishment data from the IAB Establishment Survey of 2016 combined with individual employee data from the Federal Employment Agency and occupational level data about the physical job exposure, empirical evidence indicates an ambivalent position of works councils towards digital technologies. The sole existence of works councils is associated with statistically significant lower equipment levels with digital technologies. However, works councils seem to foster the equipment with digital technologies in those establishments, which employ a high share of workers who are conducting physical demanding job activities. Thus, this study highlights the importance of establishment-level workforce representation for the digital adoption process within Germany.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Inas R. Kelly ◽  
John Komlos
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biological Outcomes

The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology introduces the scholarly community to the relationship between economic processes and human biology. A society’s biological well-being is important if one is to understand numerous aspects of political and economic developments: the outbreak of revolutions; the effect of industrialization and modernization on a population’s well-being; the demographic transition; and changes in the degree of social inequality by gender, social class, and geographic location. The contributions in this Handbook examine the various ways the economy affects human biological outcomes and, reciprocally, the impact of the latter on the former both over time and cross-sectionally. Another focus is on biological measures as inputs, such as how height and weight affect labor market outcomes and the role of genetic markers on economic variables. A third purpose is to introduce the reader to developmental aspects and policy, particularly correlates of malnutrition and poverty across the world.

scholarly journals Severe Lymphopenia as a Predictor of COVID-19 Mortality in Immunosuppressed Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3595
Author(s):  
María Martínez-Urbistondo ◽  
Ángela Gutiérrez-Rojas ◽  
Ane Andrés ◽  
Isabel Gutiérrez ◽  
Gabriela Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high mortality in certain group of patients. We analysed the impact of baseline immunosuppression in COVID-19 mortality and the role of severe lymphopenia in immunocompromised subjects. Methods. We analysed all patients admitted with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Madrid between March 1st and April 30th 2020. Epidemiological and clinical data, including severe lymphopenia (<500 lymphocytes/mm3) during admission, were analysed and compared based on their baseline immunosuppression condition. Results. A total of 1594 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were hospitalised during the study period. 166 (10.4%) were immunosuppressed. Immunocompromised patients were younger (64 vs. 67 years, p = 0.02) but presented higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, heart, neurological, lung, kidney and liver disease (p < 0.05). They showed more severe lymphopenia (53% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), lower SapO2/FiO2 ratios (251 vs 276, p = 0.02) during admission and higher mortality rates (27.1% vs 13.5%, p < 0.001). After adjustment, immunosuppression remained as an independent factor related to mortality (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.24, p < 0.001). In the immunosuppressed group, age (OR = 1.06, p = 0.01), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR = 12.27, p = 0.017) and severe lymphopenia (OR = 3.48, p = 0.04) were the factors related to high mortality rate. Conclusion. Immunosuppression is an independent mortality risk factor in COVID-19. Severe lymphopenia should be promptly identified in these patients.

scholarly journals The role of parents on their children’s academic performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Nguyen ◽  
Nga Duong ◽  
Huyen Dinh ◽  
Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of the family factors on scholastic achievements of students in high schools and universities in Vietnam. The primary data is collected from the 538 students through an online questionnaire. We apply one empirical model with the support of SPSS and STATA to test the family determinants of academic attainments-GPA. We find that there are three factors which impact on GPA of these: Age gap, Income of the families, Negative reactions of parents to their child’s low-performed results in academic performance. The research results show that all three factors can explain for 8% with the changes in GPA of learners. While the age gap between parents and their children has minor positive effects on academic performances, family income is significantly and positively correlated to GPA. This is the reason why students from opulent families often perform better than those of more meager families.

scholarly journals Technology as enabler of the automation of work? Current societal challenges for a future perspective of work / A tecnologia como facilitadora da automação do trabalho? Desafios sociais atuais para uma visão do futuro do trabalho

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 206-229
Author(s):  
Bettina-Johanna Krings ◽  
António B. Moniz ◽  
Philipp Frey
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
The Impact

Due to the innovative possibilities of digital technologies, the issue of increasing automation is once again on the agenda – and not only in the industry, but also in other branches and sectors of contemporary societies. Although public and scientific discussions about automation seem to raise relevant questions of the “old” debate, such as the replacement of human labor by introducing new technologies, the authors focus here on the new contextual quality of these questions. The debate should rethink the relationship between technology and work with regard to quantitative and qualitative changes in work. In this article, our example will be the introduction of automation in industry, which has been reflected in the widely recognized study by Frey and Osborne in 2013. They estimated the expected impacts of future computerization on US labor market outcomes as very high, specifically regarding the number of jobs at risk. Surprisingly, this study was the starting point of an intensive international debate on the impact of technologies on the future of work and the role of technological change in working environments. Thus, according to the authors, “old” questions remain important, but they should be reinterpreted for “new” societal demands and expectations of future models of work.Keywords: automation, technical unemployment, transformation of work, new models of work***Em virtude das possibilidades de inovação colocadas pelas tecnologias digitais, vem crescendo o debate sobre o aumento da automação – não apenas na indústria, mas também em outros ramos e setores das sociedades contemporâneas. Embora os debates público e científico sobre automação pareçam focar questões relevantes do “antigo” debate, como a substituição do trabalho humano pela introdução de novas tecnologias, os autores concentram-se, aqui, no novo aspecto contextual dessas questões. O debate precisa repensar a relação entre tecnologia e trabalho no que concerne às mudanças quantitativas e qualitativas no trabalho. Neste artigo, nosso exemplo será a introdução da automação na indústria, que se refletiu no estudo amplamente reconhecido de Frey e Osborne, de 2013. Eles estimaram impactos profundos da futura informatização sobre os desfechos do mercado de trabalho dos EUA, particularmente em relação ao número de empregos em risco. Surpreendentemente, este estudo foi o ponto de partida para um intenso debate internacional sobre o impacto das tecnologias no futuro do trabalho e o papel da mudança tecnológica nos ambientes de trabalho. Assim, de acordo com os autores, embora as “velhas” questões permaneçam importantes, elas devem ser reinterpretadas considerando as “novas” demandas sociais e expectativas de modelos futuros de trabalho.Palavras-chave: automação, desemprego técnico, transformação do trabalho, novos modelos de trabalho.

Board Reforms and Dividend Policy: International Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee-Hong Bae ◽  
Sadok El Ghoul ◽  
Omrane Guedhami ◽  
Xiaolan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Board Governance ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
External Governance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We study the impact of board reforms implemented in 40 countries worldwide on corporate dividend policy. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we find that firms pay higher dividends following the reforms. The increase in dividend payouts is more pronounced for firms with weak board governance in the pre-reform period and those in countries with strong external governance mechanisms. Our findings corroborate the dividend outcome model, which postulates that board reforms strengthen the monitoring role of the board and empower outside shareholders to force management to disgorge dividends.

scholarly journals Marriage Networks, Nepotism, and Labor Market Outcomes in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Identification Strategy

This paper considers the role of marriage in improving labor market outcomes through the expansion of an individual's networks. I focus on the impact of the relationship with the father-in-law on a young man's career using panel data from China. The identification strategy isolates the network effects related to a man's father-in-law by examining the post-marriage death of a father-in-law. The estimates suggest that the loss of the father-in-law translates into a decrease in a man's earnings of 7 percent. (JEL D85, J12, J31, O15, P23, P36, Z13)

scholarly journals Tax incentives, bequest motives, and the demand for life insurance: evidence from a natural experiment in Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS SAUTER ◽  
JAN WALLISER ◽  
JOACHIM WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Bequest Motives ◽  
Life Insurance Demand ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper studies the role of taxation and bequest motives in households’ demand for life insurance. We develop a stylized three-period life cycle model of life insurance demand and test its predictions regarding tax changes and bequests motives. An unexpected halving of the tax exemption limit for interest and dividend income in Germany allows us to identify the impact of changes in taxation on the demand for life insurance in a difference-in-differences setting. In line with our theoretical predictions, we document that ownership of life insurance products increased significantly among households affected by the reform. We also find some evidence of a more pronounced response among households with stronger bequest motives.

scholarly journals PERAN LEMBAGA KURSUS DAN PELATIHAN MENJAHIT DALAM MEMPERKUAT MANAJEMEN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA PADALARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Erwin Rifal Fauzi ◽  
Novi Widiastuti,M.Pd
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Know How ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

Social problems that exist in the community become the background in this research. Social problems are an inseparable part of social life in society, which ultimately affects society itself. The impact also varies, namely the disparity between social classes and the increase of unemployment rate, community empowerment done by government and private. LKP among others is trying to contribute in helping solve social problems in the community. The development of LKP in Indonesia is very rapid, reaching approximately 20,152 the LKP year 2107 in Indonesia according to the information of Directorate of Training and Training Course. including in West Bandung which reached 35 LKP according to KBB course info. with these programs aim to provide knowledge, skills, skills, life skills, and attitudes to self-development, professional development, work, independent business, and/or continuing education to a higher level. And the purpose of this research is to know how the role of Special Institution and Training of Sewing in Strengthening the Management of Community Empowerment.

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