scholarly journals The Marrakesh Treaty as “Bottom Up” Lawmaking: Supporting Local Human Rights Action on IP Policies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly K. Land
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Marrakesh Treaty

scholarly journals The Interface of Copyright and Human Rights: Access to Copyright Works for the Visually Impaired

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lida Ayoubi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Limitations And Exceptions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marrakesh Treaty

<p>Reproduction of copyright protected material in formats that are accessible to the blind and visually impaired persons constitutes a copyright infringement unless there are specific limitations and exceptions in place. Most countries do not have copyright limitations and exceptions for the benefit of the visually impaired in their copyright laws. This has contributed to the issue of book famine, meaning the unsatisfactory access to copyright protected material for the blind and visually impaired.  This thesis examines the claims of the visually impaired for improved access to copyright protected works in the context of the interface of human rights and intellectual property rights. This research demonstrates that insufficient access to copyright protected material is discriminatory against the visually impaired and negatively affects their human rights such as the right to education, information, health, employment, culture, and science. Moreover, the thesis analyses the international and domestic copyright law’s impact on the needs of the visually impaired. In analysing the international copyright law, the thesis evaluates the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works by Visually Impaired Persons and Persons with Print Disabilities.  Highlighting the insufficient consideration for the rights of the visually impaired in domestic and international copyright laws including the Marrakesh Treaty, the thesis proposes adoption of a human rights framework for copyright law to the extent that it affects the human rights of the visually impaired. Such framework requires copyright law to accommodate those human rights of the visually impaired that are dependent on access to copyright protected material.  The thesis offers two categories of measures for creation of a human rights framework for copyright to the extent that it affects the human rights of the visually impaired. The measures include optimisation of already available options and adoption of new mechanisms. The first category discusses minimum mandatory copyright limitations and exceptions and the possibility to harmonise them. The second category covers extra measures such as clarifying the implications of different human rights and copyrights in the context of the book famine; ensuring compatibility of human rights and copyright when adopting policy and law; and, regular monitoring of the impact of copyright law on human rights.</p>

Technocracy and Selectivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Palma
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decisions

By analysing the relationship between NGOs, the UNSC and human rights, this book argues that both NGOs and the UNSC use human rights semantics in a selective way in regard to the places and actors they affect. It observes knowledge and power, then, as forces that mutually affect one another, which may help to explain how global governance works. Moreover, the book explores the idea that law, aside from permeating traditional structures, can proceed upwards from the base of society towards institutional spheres. In this regard, its author proposes that the interplay between non-state actors and political institutions boosts bottom-up processes related to lawmaking and to the formation of political decisions. Considering critical problems of both NGOs and the UNSC concerning representation and responsiveness, the work asserts that the relationship between them takes place in an excluding, technocratic and arcane manner.

scholarly journals THE MARRAKESH TREATY RATIFICATION IN BRAZIL: IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 328-346
Author(s):  
Allan Rocha de Souza ◽  
Alexandre De Serpa Pinto Fairbanks
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Treaty Ratification ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Marrakesh Treaty

This paper willpresent the ratification process of the Marrakesh Treaty in Brazil, its place within the legal system and the likely effects on copyright limitations. We structure the paper in two parts. First we show how the Brazilian Constitution governs the reception of human rights international treaties and conventions and expose their effects throughout the system. We follow by the presentation of the Marrakesh Treaty’s ratification process in Brazil, concentrating on the justifications and results of the legislative procedures. Finally, we consider the likely and possible effects on public policy, legal change and the judicial interpretation of the limitations. We choose to use primary official sources to present the questions for analyses. Our method of choice is inductive, since we extensively use legislative records to elaborate on the political processes and legal rationales behind it.

scholarly journals THE MARRAKESH TREATY RATIFICATION IN BRAZIL: IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 328-346
Author(s):  
Allan Rocha de Souza ◽  
Alexandre De Serpa Pinto Fairbanks
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Judicial Interpretation ◽  
Treaty Ratification ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Legislative Procedures ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Marrakesh Treaty

This paper willpresent the ratification process of the Marrakesh Treaty in Brazil, its place within the legal system and the likely effects on copyright limitations. We structure the paper in two parts. First we show how the Brazilian Constitution governs the reception of human rights international treaties and conventions and expose their effects throughout the system. We follow by the presentation of the Marrakesh Treaty’s ratification process in Brazil, concentrating on the justifications and results of the legislative procedures. Finally, we consider the likely and possible effects on public policy, legal change and the judicial interpretation of the limitations. We choose to use primary official sources to present the questions for analyses. Our method of choice is inductive, since we extensively use legislative records to elaborate on the political processes and legal rationales behind it.

scholarly journals Pelokalan Hak Asasi Manusia Melalui Partisipasi Publik dalam Kebijakan Berbasis Hak Asasi Manusia

Jurnal HAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sabrina Nadilla
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
The City

Upaya untuk membawa nilai-nilai Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) ke tingkat lokal sudah mencuat sejak 1990-an, melalui berbagai konsep, salah satunya human rights in the city. Konsep tersebut menantang pendekatan HAM yang selama ini hanya terpusat pada negara, sehingga membuka ruang bagi ide bahwa implementasi nilai-nilai HAM harus ditangani oleh berbagai tingkatan pemerintahan, bukan lagi terbatas pada pemerintah pusat. Dalam konteks Indonesia, upaya melokalkan nilai-nilai HAM telah dilakukan melalui berbagai kebijakan hak asasi manusia. Kebijakan tersebut antara lain penghargaan kabupaten/kota peduli HAM yang diselenggarakan oleh Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, dan proyek Kota HAM Bandung. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang berbasis pada studi kasus, analisis dilakukan dengan menerapkan konsep pendekatan hak asasi manusia (human rights-based approach) dalam kebijakan hak asasi manusia. Dalam perspektif pelokalan hak asasi manusia, kebijakan HAM di Kota Bandung menunjukkan beberapa indikasi. Pertama, kebijakan Deklarasi HAM Bandung sebagai suatu kebijakan berbasis hak asasi manusia yang bersifat bottom-up masih belum mampu mendukung upaya pelokalan HAM di kota Bandung. Kedua, kebijakan Penghargaan Kabupaten/Kota Peduli HAM sebagai suatu kebijakan yang bersifat top-down, meskipun mendapatkan respons positif dari pemerintah kota dan instansi vertikal sebagai bagian dari pelaksana kebijakan, tidak mendapatkan legitimasi yang cukup dari masyarakat kota Bandung. 

A space for identity: the case of Lebanon’s naturalised Palestinians

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Down ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Paradigmatic Shift ◽  
Naturalized Citizens ◽  
National Discourses ◽  
The One

This chapter examines a segment of Palestinians who were granted citizenship in Lebanon through a process of tawtin, a naturalization strategy underpinned by notions of national belonging and identity. It draws upon interviews and observations with naturalized citizens and refugees to illustrate and reveal patterns of citizenship practice that challenge national discourses of tawtin, and suggest the emergence of a paradigm that posits citizenship-as-rights, and not identity.  Despite the dichotomous discourse that posits Palestinian identity in dialectic to citizenship, naturalized Palestinians constructed dynamic spaces for both to exist, somewhat harmoniously. Despite the globalization of human rights and the rise of universal personhood, access to rights remains inextricably bound and dependent upon access to citizenship. Analyses of citizenship practice remains, for the most part, conscripted to frameworks that posit citizenship-as identity on the one hand, and the subsequent emergence of citizenship-as-rights on the other. Belying these existing frameworks is a negotiation and re-negotiation of citizenship by individuals that inherently challenges them from within. This necessitates a paradigmatic shift from the top-down lens within which tawtin of Palestinians in Lebanon is presented, towards a bottom-up approach that explores the individuals’ agency in its conceptualization. 

Splitting the Baby

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-203
Author(s):  
Arman Sarvarian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Subject

This article examines the review of un Security Council resolutions by the European Court of Human Rights. Analysing recent decisions in the Nada and al-Dulimi cases against the background of the conclusion of the long-running Kadi saga, it builds upon the wealth of literature on the subject by proposing a theoretical basis for incidental review. It argues that the ECtHR directly review the lawfulness of an impugned resolution against a customary human rights standard, which would determine the applicability of Article 103 of the un Charter to displace those Convention rights that are not accepted in custom by modifying the Bosphorus doctrine of equivalent protection to one of ‘adequate protection’. It thereby argues that it is possible to compromise between what are at present diametrically polarised positions, thus transcending from the issue of the power to judicially review to that of the standard or intensity of review. It would thus become possible to not only embed the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights in the wider legal system but also to increase bottom-up pressure to entrench the protection of basic human rights in un Security Council practice.

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