This chapter focuses on the value of efficiency in international arbitration. It also briefly discusses the tension between party autonomy and the desire of various authors to attribute to arbitration systemic qualities and features of private ordering. While efficiency did not feature as a typical feature of international arbitration some twenty odd years ago, serious concerns were expressed about the cost and length of proceedings. Paradoxically, at the same time, arbitration was seen as a method of dispute resolution which saves money and time for the users. However, in the last ten years, or perhaps a bit longer, there has been a marked awareness and indeed demand for a higher level of efficiency in the arbitral process. The chapter looks at the origins of the quest for efficiency in international arbitration and its establishment as a value of international arbitration, before exploring the role of arbitrators and arbitral institutions in ensuring efficiency.