Improved Reproductive Efficiency in Beef Cattle under Tropical and Sub- Tropical Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alragubi SM
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Environments

scholarly journals Treatments to Optimize the Use of Artificial Insemination and Reproductive Efficiency in Beef Cattle under Tropical Environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ocilon Gomes de Sá Filho ◽  
José Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Tropical Climates

Bos indicuscattle, the preferred genetic group in tropical climates, are characterized by having a lower reproductive efficiency thanBos taurus. The reasons for the poorer reproductive efficiency of theBos indicuscows include longer lengths of gestation and postpartum anestrus, a short length of estrous behavior with a high incidence of estrus occurring during the dark hours, and puberty at older age and at a higher percentage of body weight relative to mature body weight. Moreover, geography, environment, economics, and social traditions are factors contributing for a lower use of reproductive biotechnologies in tropical environments. Hormonal protocols have been developed to resolve some of the reproductive challenges of theBos indicuscattle and allow artificial insemination, which is the main strategy to hasten genetic improvement in commercial beef ranches. Most of these treatments use exogenous sources of progesterone associated with strategies to improve the final maturation of the dominant follicle, such as temporary weaning and exogenous gonadotropins. These treatments have caused large impacts on reproductive performance of beef cattle reared under tropical areas.

Cooled semen for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana C. Borges-Silva ◽  
Márcio R. Silva ◽  
Daniel B. Marinho ◽  
Eriklis Nogueira ◽  
Deiler C. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Hypoosmotic Swelling Test ◽  
Interesting Approach

This study evaluated the use of cooled semen in a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) program compared with frozen–thawed semen to improve pregnancy rates in beef cattle. Ejaculates of three bulls were collected and divided into two treatments: (1) frozen–thawed semen and (2) cooled semen. Egg-yolk extender without glycerol was used for the cooled semen treatment. Straws (25 × 106 spermatozoa) were submitted to cooling for preservation at 5°C for 24 h, after which FTAI was performed. Nelore cows (n = 838) submitted to FTAI were randomly inseminated using frozen–thawed semen or cooled semen. There was a 20% increase in the pregnancy per AI (P AI–1) using cooled semen compared with frozen–thawed semen (59.9 ± 4.7 vs 49.4 ± 5.0%; P < 0.005). There was no difference in P AI–1 among the bulls (P = 0.40). The frozen–thawed semen had fewer functional spermatozoa than did the cooled semen when evaluated by sperm motility (61.7 vs 81.0%), slow thermoresistance test (41.7 vs 66.7%) and hypoosmotic swelling test (38.3 vs 53.7%; P < 0.05). The percentage of sperm abnormalities did not differ between the freeze–thawing and cooling processes (18.6 vs 22.1%; P > 0.05). Because there was less damage to spermatozoa and improvement in P AI–1, the use of cooled semen instead of frozen–thawed semen is an interesting approach to increase reproductive efficiency in cattle submitted to a FTAI protocol.

8 EFFECT OF CIRCULATING LEPTIN LEVELS AT SYNCHRONIZATION ON SUBSEQUENT FIXED-TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PREGNANCY RATES IN CROSSBRED BEEF HEIFERS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
G. T. Gentry ◽  
J. A. Pitchford ◽  
M. Chiasson ◽  
L. R. Gentry ◽  
K. R. Bondioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Plasma Leptin

It is generally accepted that reproductive efficiency is the limiting factor in the profitability of most livestock operations. The heritabilities of reproductive traits are typically low, so most advances in reproductive efficiency must be achieved through changes in management practices. Recent research indicates that leptin may play a role in the reproductive processes for many domesticated livestock species. Leptin has been shown to affect nutrient intake, metabolic efficiency, and animal adiposity, and may be associated with age at puberty onset and the length of the postpartum interval in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether circulating leptin concentrations during estrous synchronization would affect subsequent pregnancy rates after fixed-timed AI (FTAI) in crossbred beef heifers. Before the initiation of the spring breeding season, 54 crossbred (Red Angus × Simmental) long yearling heifers, averaging 326 ± 6.3 kg with a mean body condition score (BCS) of 5.2 ± 0.33, a mean reproductive tract score of 2.1 ± 0.57, and a mean ovary score of 2.7 ± 0.76, were synchronized with a controlled internal drug-release (CIDR) vaginal implant and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) on Day 0, a 25-mg injection of prostaglandin and CIDR removal on Day 7, and 2 mg of EB on Day 8, with FTAI occurring 52 hours post-CIDR removal. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture 4 times: twice during the synchronization protocol starting 2 days post-CIDR insertion, once at insemination, and once 4 days after insemination. All females were inseminated with frozen–thawed semen from the same fertile bull. Pregnancy was determined 45 days postinsemination via transrectal ultrasonography. Twenty females (37%) were confirmed pregnant to FTAI. There was no difference in average weights (324 ± 6.6 v. 323 ± 3.7 kg), BCS (5.1 ± 0.1 v. 5.2 ± 0.07), reproductive tract scores (2.2 ± 0.5 v. 2.1 ± 0.5) or ovary scores (2.7 ± 0.2 v. 2.7 ± 0.1) for the pregnant and nonpregnant females, respectively. However, those females that were pregnant from FTAI had higher (P = 0.02) mean plasma leptin concentrations (3.33 ± 0.22 ng mL–1) compared with heifers that did not conceive to FTAI (2.66 ± 0.19 ng mL–1) across all sampling days. In addition, as early as 2 days post-CIDR insertion, females that became pregnant from FTAI tended to have higher (P = 0.13) plasma leptin concentrations (2.76 ± 0.18 ng mL–1) compared with those heifers that did not conceive to FTAI (2.19 ± 0.15 ng mL–1). These results indicate that circulating plasma leptin levels in beef cattle during synchronization may be associated with subsequent fertility and might be a useful tool to select females to increase the efficacy of FTAI protocols in beef cattle.

scholarly journals EFISIENSI REPRODUKSI SAPI POTONG AKSEPTOR INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB) DI KECAMATAN TIKUNG, KABUPATEN LAMONGAN TAHUN 2015 DAN 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Laili Salisa Masruroh ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari ◽  
Tjuk Imam Restiadi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Reproduction Efficiency

The aim of this study was to evaluate about reproductive efficiency of beef cattle by artificial insemination (AI) in Kecamatan Tikung Kabupaten Lamongan period 2015 and 2016. To determine reproductive efficiency by artificial insemination, data concerning the value of reproductive efficiency such as number of inseminated cattle, number of pregnancy, and the number of birth were collected. The raw data were processed to get the Service per Conception (S/C), Conception Rate (CR), Calving Rate (CvR). After processed, the obtained data was tabulated. The result showed that Service per Conception on 2015 was 1.28, on 2016 was 1.33. Conception Rate on 2015 was 79.45%, on 2016 was 7.94%. Calving Rate on 2015 was 81.08%, on 2016 was 78.54%. Conclution of reproduction efficiency is good. Based on data calculated of mean and standart deviation.

19 THE EFFECT OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN A MODIFIED CO-SYNCH SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOL ON SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY RATES OF CROSSBRED LACTATING BEEF CATTLE

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
L. R. Gentry ◽  
R. W. Walker ◽  
J. Lambe-Steinmiller ◽  
R. A. Godke ◽  
G. T. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Heritability of reproductive traits is relatively low, leaving only management strategies as an alternative to affect reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. The use of assisted reproductive technologies such as fixed-timed AI (FTAI) offers the ability to increase reproductive efficiency through selection of superior genetics and manipulation of calving dates through estrous-synchronization protocols. Application of these technologies has not been fully embraced by cattlemen due to variation in success rate, primarily associated with the apparent lack of control of follicular waves. While it has been reported that an endogenous increase in FSH precedes the emergence of follicular waves in cattle, we could find no reports on the effects of exogenous FSH on FTAI pregnancy rates. Artificial insemination remains the most important reproductive technology that could positively affect cattlemen. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that incorporation of FSH into the CO-Synch synchronization protocol would increase FTAI pregnancy rates in beef cattle. Crossbred beef cows (n = 182) with a mean body weight (BW) of 596 ± 6.6 kg and mean body condition score (BCS) of 5.4 ± 0.07 from 3 different locations were stratified across treatment groups by BW, BCS, and days postpartum or cyclicity status based on plasma progesterone concentrations. Females were estrus synchronized using the 7-day CO-Synch+CIDR protocol. All females received a CIDR insert and 100 µg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; Factrel) on Day 0, followed by CIDR removal, 25 mg of prostaglandin (Lutalyse) IM and fitted with an estrus-detection patch (Estrotect) on Day 7. On Day 2, all females (n = 92) in the FSH treatment group were administered 20 mg of FSH (Folltropin) IM and the remaining females (n = 90) served as nontreated controls. Fixed-timed AI was performed at 72 h following CIDR removal when all females were administered 100 µg of GnRH and the estrus-detection patch was evaluated. The overall FTAI pregnancy rate was 55% (100/182) and there was no difference (P = 0.41) in pregnancy rates across locations so the data were pooled and reanalyzed. Pregnancy rates were not affected (P = 0.54) by treatment group and were 52% (48/92) for the FSH-treated females and 58% (52/90) for the nontreated control group. Similarly, based on evaluation of the estrus-detection patch, there was no difference (P = 0.68) in the percentage of females responding to the synchronization protocol [61% (55/92) v. 68% (61/90)] and no difference (P = 0.55) in the pregnancy rate of responding females [62% (34/55) v. 69% (42/61)] for the FSH-treated and nontreated control groups, respectively. In conclusion, administration of FSH 10 days prior to FTAI in CO-Synch+CIDR synchronized crossbred beef cows did not increase subsequent pregnancy rates. However, exogenous FSH administration should be evaluated further to determine its effects, if any, on follicular dynamics related to FTAI in the lactating beef cow.

12 INTRAUTERINE CHITOSAN INJECTION ADVANCES THE OESTROUS RETURN DATE AFTER DELIVERY IN JAPANESE BLACK COWS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
T. Aoyama ◽  
T. Nokubo ◽  
H. Funahashi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Uterine Body ◽  
Chitosan Powder

Shortened parturition interval is very profitable for beef cattle production. Chitosan is made by treating shrimp and other crustacean shells with alkali sodium hydroxide, a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1–4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and has been utilised as an antibacterial agent. Intrauterine injection of chitosan, as an antibacterial agent, is expected to stimulate immune functions and to improve uterine recovery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether intrauterine chitosan injection shortened oestrous return after parturition in Japanese black cows. Chitosan powder was dissolved in water (5 g L–1), sterilized, and stored in a freezer at –20°C until use. At 30 days after delivery, chitosan solution was injected (50 mL/head) into the uterine body from the vagina via the cervix of cows. Heat detection was performed daily with a pedometer wirelessly connected to a computer. When heat-specific increased steps and standing heat were observed, we considered the cow to be in heat. In total, 9 cows were injected chitosan from December 2012 to June 2013, and those data were compared by ANOVA with control data collected from 42 cows from December 2011 and November 2012. Mean durations when oestrus was first returned after parturition shortened significantly in the chitosan-injected group (45.3 ± 4.9 days) than in controls (62.4 ± 2.7 days). Six females that showed oestrus after treatment with chitosan became pregnant following AI at the oestrus or the next cycle, and three others were waiting to be checked for pregnancy after AI. These preliminary data indicate that chitosan injection after parturition may shorten the oestrous return and improves reproductive efficiency. However, a large number of observations are necessary to reach further conclusions.

105 RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES: INCIDENCE AND EFFECT ON MILK PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY COWS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sartori ◽  
G. C. S. Pontes ◽  
P. L. J. Monteiro ◽  
A. B. Nascimento ◽  
L. F. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Tropics

The objectives were to describe the incidence of retained fetal membrane (RFM) and its effect on production and reproduction of dairy cows in tropical environments. Holstein and crossbred Holstein × Gyr cows and heifers calving between May 2012 and May 2013 from 4 dairy farms were enrolled in this study. Retained fetal membranes were defined as the non-expelling of placenta within 12 to 24 h after calving. All cows with RFM were treated with 10 mg kg–1 of oxitetracycline IV and drenching containing 100 g of CaCl2, 100 g of KCl, 200 g of Mg(SO4), and 350 mL of propylene glycol in 25 L of water once per day for 3 days. The incidence of RFM was 14.7% (92/624) in multiparous cows and 11.5% (67/583) in primiparous cows (P = 0.003). The incidence of retained placenta was 14.7% (92/624) during the summer and 14.8% (108/731) during the winter (P = 0.99). Conception rates after first postpartum AI were 32.5% (276/850) and 25.8% (34/132) for healthy cows and cows with RFM, respectively (P = 0.12). More cows that did not have RFM were pregnant at 150 DIM than cows with retained placenta (42.3 v. 29.3%; P = 0.003). Based on predicted 305-day milk yield, cows with retained placenta produced less milk than healthy cows (5924.0 ± 158.0 v. 6315.3 ± 61.0 kg, respectively; P = 0.009). The average peak production was 30.8 ± 0.3 and 29.1 ± 0.7 kg for healthy and RFM cows, respectively (P = 0.02). During the first 60 days in milk, the total milk production for RFM and healthy cows was, respectively, 1305.7 ± 37.3 and 1441.2 ± 15.8 L (P = 0.0008). In conclusion, although season did not influence the incidence of RFM in dairy cows, parity had an effect. Moreover, RFM was associated with a decrease in reproductive efficiency and milk production in dairy cows managed in the tropics. Financial support was received from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) of Brazil.

scholarly journals Optimizing Beef Cattle Nutrition from Conception to Consumption

Ceiba ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Patrick Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
To Come ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Feed cost and reproductive efficiency are the 1st and 2nd largest factors, respectively, that dictate profitability of the cow-calf enterprise. It should not be forgotten that these two economic areas are not independent of one another, as nutritional management is the largest single factor that producers can control that influences the probability of pregnancy. Thus, without proper nutritional management, many reproductive processes are altered, and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy may be hindered or prevented entirely. Traditionally, the major concern related to the interface between nutrition and reproduction is the effect of under nutrition prior to breeding. However, recent research in the fields of fetal/developmental programming as well as post-breeding heifer management suggests nutrition can significantly impact not only reproductive capacity of the female, but long term growth and efficiency of her progeny. Therefore, developing appropriate nutritional programs for all phases of production is critical for the economic success and productivity of the beef operation for not only the current year, but for years to come.

Reproductive efficiency of F1 and reciprocal backcross beef cows under contrasting environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Rahnefeld ◽  
R. M. McKay ◽  
G. M. Weiss ◽  
H. T. Fredeen ◽  
J. A. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reciprocal Backcross

A population of 860 F1 and reciprocal backcross females representing Hereford (H), Angus (A), Shorthorn (N), Charolais (C) and Simmental (S) breeding were evaluated for reproductive efficiency under two contrasting environments (Brandon, Manitoba and Manyberries, Alberta). The F1 included the HA, CN and SN and the reciprocal back-crosses were HCH, CCH, ACA, CCA, HSH, SSH, ASA, SSA, NSN, SSN, NCN and CCN. All females were bred to Limousin bulls. The data collected from 1980 to 1986 comprised 3108 mating opportunities and 2523 pregnancies. For dam crosses common to both locations (HA, SN and specific dam crosses involving S) differences in performance criteria occurred with females at Manyberries recording greater cow losses, higher conception and weaning rates, and more weight of calf weaned than at Brandon. Combining these performance elements gave the females at Manyberries an advantage for weight of calf weaned per mating opportunity (162 ± 3.2 vs. 152 ± 3.0 kg). Barren culls comprised the largest proportion of cow losses at both locations with HA and NSN greatest and ASA lowest at Brandon, and SSH greatest and SN lowest at Manyberries, all significant at P ≤ 0.05. None of the differences for C cross females was significant (P > 0.05). Weaning rates per mating opportunity for dam crosses common to both locations indicated the ASA highest and the SSH lowest at both locations, the difference being 22.9% at Brandon and 13.2% at Manyberries. For the HA, CN and C backcross comparisons, the highest weaning rate per mating opportunity was recorded for the HA (73.3%) and the lowest for the CCA dam cross (62.4%). At both locations, the SN dams produced the most weight of calf weaned per mating opportunity with the lowest values recorded by the HA and NSN dam cross at Brandon and the HSH dam cross at Manyberries with the CN dam cross recording the highest values and the CCA and ACA the lowest. For all performance criteria calves out of F1 dams had an advantage over calves from backcross dams. Key words: Beef cattle, cow productivity, crossbreeding

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