scholarly journals What Impact Has Lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality During Second Wave of Pandemic in 2021: Observational Analysis of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Observational Analysis ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

AbstractBackground: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article.Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased.Conclusions: The findings indicate that 15 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.

scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article. Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased. Conclusions: The findings indicate that 15 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.

scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational & statistical analysis of Bihar-version 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

AbstractBackground: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit). The same will be used with Microsoft office in next version-3 of article with addition of two more period of observation i.e. one more 13 day period before lockdown and one more period after the lock down in order to observe 2 period of same duration before lockdown and 2 periods of same duration after lockdown. This period is under observation right now by the author. The version-3 will also discuss lockdown model of Bihar with criteria of inclusion and exclusion of lockdown detailed in the article as well as analysis summary for understanding in brief.Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased.Conclusions: The findings indicate that 13 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality. The study found that daily cases of SARS-COV-2 patients, and the growth factor results declined and the growth rate per day both declined to an impressive negative level in the case of the growth rate. The Bihar model of lockdown is of significance in reducing the daily new cases as well as it was found that, 13 days after the lockdown, the growth factor of the number of new daily cases decreased and the growth factor of new daily deaths was increased after the lockdown period.

scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit). The same will be used with Microsoft office in next version-3 of article with addition of two more period of observation i.e. one more 13 day period before lockdown and one more period after the lock down in order to observe 2 period of same duration before lockdown and 2 periods of same duration after lockdown. This period is under observation right now by the author. The version-3 will also discuss lockdown model of Bihar with criteria of inclusion and exclusion of lockdown detailed in the article as well as analysis summary for understanding in short.Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased.Conclusions: The findings indicate that 13 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality. The study found that daily cases of SARS-COV-2 patients, and the growth factor results declined and the growth rate per day both declined to an impressive negative level in the case of the growth rate. The Bihar model of lockdown is of significance in reducing the daily new cases as well as it was found that, 13 days after the lockdown, the growth factor of the number of new daily cases decreased and the growth factor of new daily deaths was increased after the lockdown period.

scholarly journals A seven week observational analysis of clinical activities in a North Italian orthopaedic hospital during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: far from usual volumes, but different from the first wave

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Zagra ◽  
Martina Faraldi ◽  
Mauro Andreata ◽  
Immacolata Ottaiano ◽  
Giuseppe Basile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Hospital Budget ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
Orthopaedic Hospital ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Acute Admissions

Abstract Purpose We previously described the radical changes occurred in an orthopaedic hospital in Milan (Italy) during the first SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak. Currently, during the second wave, the situation is still far from normality. Here we describe the changes that took place, and are still ongoing, in the clinical practice. Methods Number and type of admissions, outpatients activity, ER and urgent procedures in SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive patients have been analyzed over seven weeks (October 26th–December 13th, 2020) and compared with the correspondent period in 2019 and the same timeframe during the first wave (February 24th–April 10th). Results 2019 vs. 2020: Overall admissions decreased by 39.8%; however, while admissions for elective surgery dropped by 42.0%, urgent surgeries increased by 117.0%. Rehabilitation admissions declined by 85.2%. White and green priority ER consultations declined by 41.6% and 52.0%, respectively; yellow and red increased by 766.7% and 400.0%, respectively. Second vs. first wave: Overall admissions increased by 58.6% with a smoother decrement in weekly admissions than during the first wave. Disparity of acute admissions vs. rehabilitation expanded: Acute cases increased by 63.6% while rehabilitation cases decreased by 8.7%. Admissions to triage procedures increased by 72.3%. Conclusions Activity levels are far from normality during the second COVID-19 wave. Elective surgery and outpatients-related activities are still strongly limited compared to 2019 while the number of urgent cases treated increased consistently. SARS-CoV-2 positive emergencies are slightly higher than during the first wave. These important changes are expected to impact on health service and hospital budget for long.

Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Daniel Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Wave

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.

Syntropie von Krankheiten

1965 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Prevalence

Die Bezeichnung Syntropie geht auf den Pädiater Pfaundler zurück. Syntropie bedeutet, daß zwischen zwei Krankheiten eine Art gegenseitiger »Anziehung«, Dystropie hingegen, daß eine Art »Abstoßung« besteht. Erster Schritt der Syntropieforschung ist die statistische Prüfung, ob beobachtete Koinzidenzen von Krankheiten als zufällige Phänomene betrachtet werden müssen. Viele Ansätze auf dem Gebiet der Syntropieforschung sind falsch. Die Fehler beruhen — abgesehen von Fragen der Dokumentation und der Definition von Krankheitseinheiten — nicht selten auf der Nichtbeachtung folgender Punkte:1. Es ist oft sehr schwierig, die Vergleichsgruppen bzw. die Populationen sinnvoll abzugrenzen.2. »Statistisch gesicherte« Assoziierungen oder Dissoziierungen zwischen zwei Krankheiten können ohne dahinterstehende biologische Realität gleichsam als artifizielle statistische Effekte entstehen:a) Durch verschieden große Selektion der zu untersuchenden Krankheitsfälle, z. B. durch frühere Sterblichkeit, durch unterschiedliche Einweisungshäufigkeiten und verschieden intensive Diagnostik bei klinischem Krankheitsgut oder durch unterschiedliche Letalität bzw. verschieden große Sektionshäufigkeiten bei Obduktionsmaterial.b) Als Heterogenitätseffekt (illusory associations by amalgamation of subgroups).3. Durch Nichtbeachtung des Zeitablaufs beim Auftreten der Krankheiten (incidence, prevalence, competition of risks).Es gibt keine Standardverfahren zur Uberwindung dieser Schwierigkeiten. Die Methoden müssen der Materialgewinnung und den Besonderheiten der betrachteten Krankheiten in den zu vergleichenden Gruppen angepaßt werden.

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