scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

AbstractBackground: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article.Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased.Conclusions: The findings indicate that 15 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.

scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article. Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased. Conclusions: The findings indicate that 15 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.

scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational & statistical analysis of Bihar-version 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

AbstractBackground: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit). The same will be used with Microsoft office in next version-3 of article with addition of two more period of observation i.e. one more 13 day period before lockdown and one more period after the lock down in order to observe 2 period of same duration before lockdown and 2 periods of same duration after lockdown. This period is under observation right now by the author. The version-3 will also discuss lockdown model of Bihar with criteria of inclusion and exclusion of lockdown detailed in the article as well as analysis summary for understanding in brief.Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased.Conclusions: The findings indicate that 13 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality. The study found that daily cases of SARS-COV-2 patients, and the growth factor results declined and the growth rate per day both declined to an impressive negative level in the case of the growth rate. The Bihar model of lockdown is of significance in reducing the daily new cases as well as it was found that, 13 days after the lockdown, the growth factor of the number of new daily cases decreased and the growth factor of new daily deaths was increased after the lockdown period.

scholarly journals What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit). The same will be used with Microsoft office in next version-3 of article with addition of two more period of observation i.e. one more 13 day period before lockdown and one more period after the lock down in order to observe 2 period of same duration before lockdown and 2 periods of same duration after lockdown. This period is under observation right now by the author. The version-3 will also discuss lockdown model of Bihar with criteria of inclusion and exclusion of lockdown detailed in the article as well as analysis summary for understanding in short.Results: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased.Conclusions: The findings indicate that 13 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality. The study found that daily cases of SARS-COV-2 patients, and the growth factor results declined and the growth rate per day both declined to an impressive negative level in the case of the growth rate. The Bihar model of lockdown is of significance in reducing the daily new cases as well as it was found that, 13 days after the lockdown, the growth factor of the number of new daily cases decreased and the growth factor of new daily deaths was increased after the lockdown period.

scholarly journals Impact of lockdown on COVID-19 prevalence and mortality during 2020 pandemic: observational analysis of 27 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Ayoub Meo ◽  
Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf ◽  
Ali Abdullah Alomar ◽  
Faris Jamal AlMutairi ◽  
Adnan Mahmood Usmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
World Health ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the impact of 15 days before, 15 days during, and 15 days after the lockdown on the trends in the prevalence and mortality in 27 countries during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Twenty-seven countries were randomly selected from the different continents. The information on the trends in the prevalence and mortality due to COVID-19 pandemic in 27 countries was obtained from World Health Organization and lockdown data were obtained from concerned countries and their ministries. The impact of lockdown for 15 days before, 15 days during, and 15 days after the lockdown on the prevalence and mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 27 countries was analyzed. Results The findings showed that 15 days after the lockdown there was a trend toward a decline, but no significant decline in the mean prevalence and mean mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 15 days before, and 15 days during the lockdown in 27 countries. The mean growth factor for number of cases was 1.18 and for mortality rate was 1.16. Conclusions The findings indicate that 15 days after the lockdown, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth factor of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.

scholarly journals First and second waves among hospitalised patients with COVID-19 with severe pneumonia: a comparison of 28-day mortality over the 1-year pandemic in a tertiary university hospital in Italy

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e054069
Author(s):  
Marianna Meschiari ◽  
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri ◽  
Roberto Tonelli ◽  
Erica Bacca ◽  
Marianna Menozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cox Regression Model ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

ObjectiveThe first COVID-19–19 epidemic wave was over the period of February–May 2020. Since 1 October 2020, Italy, as many other European countries, faced a second wave. The aim of this analysis was to compare the 28-day mortality between the two waves among COVID-19 hospitalised patients.DesignObservational cohort study. Standard survival analysis was performed to compare all-cause mortality within 28 days after hospital admission in the two waves. Kaplan-Meier curves as well as Cox regression model analysis were used. The effect of wave on risk of death was shown by means of HRs with 95% CIs. A sensitivity analysis around the impact of the circulating variant as a potential unmeasured confounder was performed.SettingUniversity Hospital of Modena, Italy. Patients admitted to the hospital for severe COVID-19 pneumonia during the first (22 February–31 May 2020) and second (1 October–31 December 2020) waves were included.ResultsDuring the two study periods, a total of 1472 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to our hospital, 449 during the first wave and 1023 during the second. Median age was 70 years (IQR 56–80), 37% women, 49% with PaO2/FiO2 <250 mm Hg, 82% with ≥1 comorbidity, median duration of symptoms was 6 days. 28-day mortality rate was 20.0% (95% CI 16.3 to 23.7) during the first wave vs 14.2% (95% CI 12.0 to 16.3) in the second (log-rank test p value=0.03). After including key predictors of death in the multivariable Cox regression model, the data still strongly suggested a lower 28-day mortality rate in the second wave (aHR=0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.90, p value=0.01).ConclusionsIn our hospitalised patients with COVID-19 with severe pneumonia, the 28-day mortality appeared to be reduced by 36% during the second as compared with the first wave. Further studies are needed to identify factors that may have contributed to this improved survival.

scholarly journals What impacts have geographical locations on the cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India:-observational analysis in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Total Average

AbstractBackground: Curiosity and need are the major forces driving invention and discoveries. The covid-19 said to originated from Wuhan of Hubei province in china have raised so many questions and doubts about origin and spread of disease and the controversy is still going on. The geographical location of Wuhan in relation to sea is of significant value in relation to covid-19 pandemic as observed in this research. The city of Wuhan is located on both banks of the Changjiang (the Great River, a.k.a the Yangtze River) about six hundred miles upstream from Shanghai and the Pacific Ocean. It is about four hundred miles upstream from Nanjing. Its location is supremely strategic, being where the Hanshui (Han River) joins the Changjiang. The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was in news and highlighted by several media and news agency as probable source of origin of covid-19. The Huanan Seafood Market located in Wuhan was a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan City, and the capital of Hubei Province in Central China. My research aimed to assess the impact of geographical locations particularly coastal influence on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India, during COVID-19 pandemic from the beginning of pandemic cases in January 2020 in India with special focus on coastal states and union territories of India. The coast is also known popularly as the coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean. The term coastal state and union territories is used to refer to a state where interactions of sea and land of states occur. The study also aims to find safest geographical location in covid-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was obtained from Health Department, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, and data were matched and analyzed from online websites as well. The impact of geographical locations on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article for epidemiological comparison by calculating incidence, prevalence, mortality rate and other indicators. The study for global correlation of this research is also under process by the author. For the purpose of research India is divided into four geographical areas, 1 Coastal states and union territories (total ten in numbers), 2 Island groups (three in numbers), 3 north eastern states and east area i.e. Laddakh 4 other states and union territories having plain areas (14 in numbers).Results: The findings showed that total numbers of death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories with a count of 240628 since beginning of the pandemic whereas the islands group reported the lowest total numbers of death from covid-19. The average death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories group with a count of 24062.8 followed by other states and union territories group with a count of 9754.07. The islands group reported the lowest average numbers of death from covid-19 with a count of 58.67. A similar trend was found for numbers of confirmed cases with coastal states on top having largest number of covid-19 cases.Conclusions: The findings indicate that coastal locations have larger number of daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease as well as in the mortality.

scholarly journals What Impacts Have Geographical Locations On The Cases And Deaths From Covid-19/ Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic In 36 States And Union Territories Of India:-Observational Analysis In India

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Total Average

Background: Curiosity and need are the major forces driving invention and discoveries. The covid-19 said to originated from Wuhan of Hubei province in china have raised so many questions and doubts about origin and spread of disease and the controversy is still going on. The geographical location of Wuhan in relation to sea is of significant value in relation to covid-19 pandemic as observed in this research. The city of Wuhan is located on both banks of the Changjiang (the Great River, a.k.a the Yangtze River) about six hundred miles upstream from Shanghai and the Pacific Ocean. It is about four hundred miles upstream from Nanjing. Its location is supremely strategic, being where the Hanshui (Han River) joins the Changjiang. The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was in news and highlighted by several media and news agency as probable source of origin of covid-19. The Huanan Seafood Market located in Wuhan was a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan City, and the capital of Hubei Province in Central China. My research aimed to assess the impact of geographical locations particularly coastal influence on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India, during COVID-19 pandemic from the beginning of pandemic cases in January 2020 in India with special focus on coastal states and union territories of India. The coast is also known popularly as the coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean. The term coastal state and union territories is used to refer to a state where interactions of sea and land of states occur. The study also aims to find safest geographical location in covid-19 pandemic. Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was obtained from Health Department, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, and data were matched and analyzed from online websites as well. The impact of geographical locations on the total/average/maximum/ minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article for epidemiological comparison by calculating incidence, prevalence, mortality rate and other indicators. The study for global correlation of this research is also under process by the author. For the purpose of research India is divided into four geographical areas, 1 Coastal states and union territories (total ten in numbers), 2 Island groups (three in numbers), 3 north eastern states and east area i.e. Laddakh 4 other states and union territories having plain areas (14 in numbers). Results: The findings showed that total numbers of death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories with a count of 240628 since beginning of the pandemic whereas the islands group reported the lowest total numbers of death from covid-19. The average death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories group with a count of 24062.8 followed by other states and union territories group with a count of 9754.07. The islands group reported the lowest average numbers of death from covid-19 with a count of 58.67. A similar trend was found for numbers of confirmed cases with coastal states on top having largest number of covid-19 cases. Conclusions: The research observation found that coastal states and union territories of India have larger number of daily cases of COVID-19 and mortality as compared to other geographical locations of the country. The observation also found that islands have least number of cases and deaths due to covid-19 pandemic. This study also gives rise to hypothesis that coastal locations are at greater risk of covid-19 infection and mortality whereas islands are safe places in covid-19 pandemics.

scholarly journals What impacts have geographical locations on the cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India:-observational analysis in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Total Average

Abstract Background: Curiosity and need are the major forces driving invention and discoveries. The covid-19 said to originated from Wuhan of Hubei province in china have raised so many questions and doubts about origin and spread of disease and the controversy is still going on. The geographical location of Wuhan in relation to sea is of significant value in relation to covid-19 pandemic as observed in this research. The city of Wuhan is located on both banks of the Changjiang (the Great River, a.k.a the Yangtze River) about six hundred miles upstream from Shanghai and the Pacific Ocean. It is about four hundred miles upstream from Nanjing. Its location is supremely strategic, being where the Hanshui (Han River) joins the Changjiang. The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was in news and highlighted by several media and news agency as probable source of origin of covid-19. The Huanan Seafood Market located in Wuhan was a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan City, and the capital of Hubei Province in Central China. My research aimed to assess the impact of geographical locations particularly coastal influence on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India, during COVID-19 pandemic from the beginning of pandemic cases in January 2020 in India with special focus on coastal states and union territories of India. The coast is also known popularly as the coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean. The term coastal state and union territories is used to refer to a state where interactions of sea and land of states occur. The study also aims to find safest geographical location in covid-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was obtained from Health Department, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, and data were matched and analyzed from online websites as well. The impact of geographical locations on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article for epidemiological comparison by calculating incidence, prevalence, mortality rate and other indicators. The study for global correlation of this research is also under process by the author. For the purpose of research India is divided into four geographical areas, 1 Coastal states and union territories (total ten in numbers), 2 Island groups (three in numbers), 3 north eastern states and east area i.e. Laddakh 4 other states and union territories having plain areas (14 in numbers).Results: The findings showed that total numbers of death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories with a count of 240628 since beginning of the pandemic whereas the islands group reported the lowest total numbers of death from covid-19. The average death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories group with a count of 24062.8 followed by other states and union territories group with a count of 9754.07. The islands group reported the lowest average numbers of death from covid-19 with a count of 58.67. A similar trend was found for numbers of confirmed cases with coastal states on top having largest number of covid-19 cases.Conclusions: The findings indicate that coastal locations have larger number of daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease as well as in the mortality.

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