Selenium Status in Adults and Children in Urban Zambia: A Cross Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanekwa Zyambo ◽  
Phoebe Hodges ◽  
Kanta Chandwe ◽  
Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga ◽  
Sebean Mayimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adults And Children

scholarly journals 218. Changes in Dental Antibiotic Prescribing in the United States, 2012–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S111-S111
Author(s):  
Swetha Ramanathan ◽  
Connie H Yan ◽  
Colin Hubbard ◽  
Gregory Calip ◽  
Lisa K Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Linear Regressions

Abstract Background Data suggest dental antibiotic prescribing is increasing with relatively less documented about prescribing trends in adults and children. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate trends in antibiotic prescribing by US dentists from 2012–2017. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of US dental prescribing using IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Data from 2012 to 2017. Prescribing rates (prescriptions [Rx] per 100,000 dentists), mean days’ supply, and mean quantity dispensed were calculated monthly across eight oral antibiotic groups: amoxicillin, clindamycin, cephalexin, azithromycin, penicillin, doxycycline, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotics. Descriptive frequencies and multiple linear regressions were performed to obtain trends overall and stratified by adults (≥ 18) and children (< 18). Results 220, 325 dentists prescribed 135 million Rx (94.0% in adults). 61.0% were amoxicillin, 14.4% clindamycin, 11.7% penicillin, 4.4% azithromycin, 4.3% cephalexin, 2.0% other antibiotics, 1.4% doxycycline, and 0.7% fluoroquinolones. Prescribing increased by 33 Rx/100,000 dentists (p< 0.0001) each month for all antibiotics. Amoxicillin (p< 0.0001) and clindamycin (p=0.02) prescribing rate increased by 73 and 5 Rx/100,000 dentists, respectively. Prescribing decreased by 8, 12, and 2 Rx/100,000 dentists for cephalexin (p< 0.0001), doxycycline (p< 0.0001), and fluoroquinolones (p=0.008), respectively. Mean days’ supply increased for amoxicillin, penicillin, and clindamycin (p< 0.0001), and decreased for cephalexin (p< 0.0001).Mean quantity dispensed decreased (p< 0.0001) for all groups except azithromycin and doxycycline. Among adults, cephalexin prescribing rates (7 Rx/100,000 dentist; p< 0.0001) and other antibiotics days’ supply (p< 0.0001) decreased. Among children, azithromycin prescribing rates (1 Rx/100,000 dentists, p=0.02), and fluoroquinolone and other antibiotics days’ supply (p< 0.0001) decreased. Conclusion These findings support dental antibiotic prescribing is increasing, specifically for amoxicillin and clindamycin. Further, trends differed between adults and children. Understanding what is driving these trends is important to target dental antibiotic stewardship efforts. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Ichthyosis affects mental health in adults and children: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qisi Sun ◽  
Ivy Ren ◽  
Theodore Zaki ◽  
Kaitlin Maciejewski ◽  
Keith Choate
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adults And Children

Risk ofStaphylococcus aureuscarriage in childcare employees

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1975-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. MORITZ ◽  
T. C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Childcare Workers

SUMMARYAsymptomatic carriage ofStaphylococcus aureusis an important risk factor for developing infection, as well as a key contributor to transmission. Despite the fact that childcare workers are at known risk for infections, little research has focused on bacterial carriage in this occupational group. We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence ofS. aureusin 110 childcare employees with the prevalence in 111 unexposed participants. Questionnaire data was collected for employees, unexposed adults, and children. Multivariate analysis allowed for adjustment for confounders. Data on work-related exposures are presented as well. The prevalence ofS. aureusin employees, unexposed adults, children, and on surfaces was 35·2%, 33·6%, 19·8%, and 9·8%, respectively. Washing children's hands upon their arrival at childcare facilities may decrease the risk ofS. aureuscarriage in employees (odds ratio 0·17, 95% confidence interval 0·095–0·32,P < 0·0001).

scholarly journals Selenium Deficiency in Lymphedema and Lipedema—A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from a Specialized Clinic

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Pfister ◽  
Horst Dawczynski ◽  
Franz-Josef Schingale
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Low Selenium

Background: Selenium is a trace element, which is utilized by the human body in selenoproteins. Their main function is to reduce oxidative stress, which plays an important role in lymphedema and lipedema. In addition, selenium deficiency is associated with an impaired immune function. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of selenium deficiency in these conditions, and if it is associated with disease severity and an associated medical condition such as obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study is an anonymized, retrospective analysis of clinical data that was routinely recorded in a clinic specialized in lymphology. The data was comprised from 791 patients during 2012–2019, in which the selenium status was determined as part of their treatment. Results: Selenium deficiency proved common in patients with lymphedema, lipedema, and lipo-lymphedema affecting 47.5% of the study population. Selenium levels were significantly lower in patients with obesity-related lymphedema compared to patients with cancer-related lymphedema (96.6 ± 18.0 μg/L vs. 105.1 ± 20.2 μg/L; p < 0.0001). Obesity was a risk factor for selenium deficiency in lymphedema (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.49 to 3.21), but not in lipedema. Conclusions: In countries with low selenium supply, selenium deficiency is common, especially in lymphedema patients. Therefore, it would be sensible to check the selenium status in lymphedema patients, especially those with obesity, as the infection risk of lymphedema is already increased.

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