scholarly journals Invariants of winding-numbers and steric obstruction in dynamics of flux lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier CEPAS ◽  
Peter M. Akhmetiev
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Lattice Model ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Flux Lines

We classify the sectors of configurations that result from the dynamics of 2d crossing flux lines, which are the simplest degrees of freedom of the 3-coloring lattice model. We show that the dynamical obstruction is the consequence of two effects: (i) conservation laws described by a set of invariants that are polynomials of the winding numbers of the loop configuration, (ii) steric obstruction that prevents paths between configurations, for lack of free space. We argue that the invariants fully classify the configurations in five, chiral and achiral, sectors and no further obstruction in the limit of low-winding numbers.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas Bisztray ◽  
Laszlo Bacsardi
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Range Free ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In this paper we are looking at the milestones that were achieved in free−space quantum key distribution as well as the current state of this technology. First a brief overview introduces the technical prerequisites that will help to better understand the rest of the paper. After looking into the first successful demonstrations of short range free space QKD both indoor and outdoor, we are examining the longer range terrestrial QKD experiments. In the next step we look at some experiments that were aiming to take free space QKD to the next level by placing the sender or the receiver on moving vehicles. After the terrestrial demonstrations we focus on satellite based experiments. Finally, we explore hyper-dimensional QKD, utilising energy−time, polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) degrees of freedom.

A Method of Calculating Space Free Resonance Modes of an Aircraft

1953 ◽  
Vol 57 (510) ◽  
pp. 420-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Hunn
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Characteristic Root ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Resonance Modes ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
4 Degrees Of Freedom

The problem of deducing resonance modes of vibration of an aircraft in free space is a concomitant of flutter calculations if the number of degrees of freedom used is to be small. When the structure is complex in that it involves wings, fuselage and tailplane, each of which possesses infinitely many normal modes, it becomes apparent that the number of point masses which must be considered, in constructing a dynamical equivalent to give a sufficient coverage of the frequency range in which flutter is likely, is very large. For example, it may be necessary to use four rods per wing and per tailplane and four point masses on the fuselage. This would involve 8 + 8 + 4 degrees of freedom, and if the usual technique of characteristic roots is used it would be necessary to consider a characteristic root matrix of order 20 × 20.

Solitonets: complex networks of interacting fields

2008 ◽  
Vol 465 (2104) ◽  
pp. 1093-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Kaminer ◽  
Mordechai Segev ◽  
Alfred M Bruckstein ◽  
Yonina C Eldar
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Interaction Dynamics ◽  
Individual Node

We propose complex networks made with interacting fields, where the interaction dynamics at each individual node in the system has infinite degrees of freedom. We construct networks, based on the interactions between vector solitons, whose dynamics are governed by conservation laws. Hence, the dimensionality of the dynamics at each node is determined by the initial conditions, making the problem tractable. We present examples of small and large soliton-based networks, and demonstrate memory effects within them that are enormously enhanced by noise. Finally, we demonstrate that such networks, with infinite-dimensional dynamics, can exhibit spontaneous self-synchronization effects.

Origins of granular memory in model sandpiles

1999 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Barker ◽  
Anita Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Lattice Model ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Surface Dynamics ◽  
Coupled Dynamics ◽  
Grain Orientations

We describe a lattice model for intermittent flow in granular materials. This model includes degrees of freedom, related to lattice grain orientations, that are additional to those associated with the coupled dynamics of columns of lattice grains. We have explored the development of granular structures in model piles and shown that the surface dynamics of lattice grains is strongly linked to relaxations of granular structures in the pile. The coupling is shown to lead to two distinct avalanche morphologies in model piles that have been disturbed from their steady state. The change of behaviour is explained in terms of the statistical properties of surface instabilities.

scholarly journals Relativistic Quantum Kinetic Equation of the Vlasov Type for Systems with Internal Degrees of Freedom

1998 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Smolyansky ◽  
A. V. Prozorkevich ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
D. Blaschke ◽  
G. Röpke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Quantum Kinetic Equation ◽  
Heisenberg Picture ◽  
Relativistic Kinetic Equation ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
Internal Degrees Of Freedom

We present an approach to derive a relativistic kinetic equation of the Vlasov type. Our approach is especially reliable for the description of quantum field systems with many internal degrees of freedom. The method is based on the Heisenberg picture and leads to a kinetic equation which fulfills the conservation laws. We apply the approach to the standard Walecka Lagrangian and an effective chiral Lagrangian.

A lattice model of flux lines

1995 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Morita ◽  
Kazu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Model ◽  
Flux Lines
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