Positive predictive value of the diagnosis coding for vitamin B12 deficiency anemia in the Danish National Patient Register

Aims: Appendicitis is a common disease. The nationwide Danish National Patient Register provides an important data source for epidemiological research. Data used in register-based epidemiological research needs to be validated. We aimed to validate the diagnosis of appendicitis in the Danish National Patient Register. Methods: From 1997 to 2015 nationwide data from the Danish National Patient Register, the Danish Pathology Register, and the Danish Civil Registration System were used to validate the diagnosis of appendicitis or the combination of the diagnosis for appendicitis and surgical removal of the appendix in the Danish National Patient Register. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using pathology reports as golden standard. Results: Diagnosis of appendicitis in the Danish National Patient Register had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 0.928 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.927; 0.930), 0.995 (95% CI: 0.995; 0.995), 0.769 (95% CI: 0.767; 0.771), and 0.999 (95% CI: 0.999; 0.999). A diagnosis of appendicitis and a procedure code for surgical removal of the appendix had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.885; 0.888), 0.998 (95% CI: 0.998; 0.998), 0.895 (95% CI: 0.894; 0.897), and 0.998 (95% CI: 0.998; 0.998). Conclusions: The diagnosis of appendicitis alone or in combination with the registered surgical removal of the appendix in the Danish National Patient Register showed acceptable validity. Whether to use the diagnosis for appendicitis only or in combination with procedure codes for the removal of the appendix depends on whether high sensitivity or high positive predictive values are warranted.

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The positive predictive value of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Register

Clinical Epidemiology ◽

10.2147/clep.s197251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol Volume 11 ◽

pp. 323-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asger Sonne ◽

Jesper B Andersen ◽

Lars S Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

National Patient Register ◽

Patient Register ◽

National Patient ◽

Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Danish National Patient Register

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Microcytic Anemia Hiding Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.20741 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fadi Busaleh ◽

Omkolthoom A Alasmakh ◽

Fatimah Almohammedsaleh ◽

Maram F Almutairi ◽

Juwdaa S Al Najjar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Microcytic Anemia ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

B12 Deficiency

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Anemia profile in Diabetic patients with preserved renal function

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i2.31437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

Vinay Krishnamurthy ◽

Akhila Rao Kerekoppa

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

General Population ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Anemia Of Inflammation ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century. Prevalence of anemia in diabetic patients is two to three times higher than for patients with comparable renal impairment and iron stores in the general population. Aims and Objective: This study was done to analyse the prevalence of anemia and its profile in patients with preserved renal function. Materials and Methods: One-hundred diabetic patients with anemia with normal renal functions were selected. Complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, iron studies, vitamin B12 levels were assessed. Diabetic control was monitored by HbA1c. Patients were identified to have specific type of anemia, based on iron profile and vitamin B12 levels. Severity of anemia was also assessed. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to analyse the results. Results: Mean age of subjects in the study group was 53.4±13.6 years. The mean haemoglobin level was 9.41±2.18 g/dl. Out of the 100 cases, 43 patients had iron deficiency anemia, 40 patients had anemia of inflammation, and 8 patients had vitamin B12 deficiency, 8 patients had combined iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, and 1 patient had pancytopenia. Mean HbA1c was higher in iron deficient individuals with a significant p value and mean HbA1c was lower in Vitamin B12 deficient individuals. Among the cases, 16% had mild anemia, 61% had moderate anemia, and 23% had severe anemia. Severe anemia had a significantly lower HbA1c, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: According to our study, iron deficiency anemia was the commonest, followed by anemia of inflammation in diabetic patients with preserved renal function. Diabetes being a pro-inflammatory state had a higher incidence of anemia of inflammation compared to general population. We have to identify and acknowledge the higher prevalence of Anemia of Inflammation in diabetic patients in the absence of renal dysfunction.

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Hematologic Manifestations of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Swine

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v6.10.867.867 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 867-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. E. CARTWRIGHT ◽

BETTY TATTING ◽

JEAN ROBINSON ◽

N. M. FELLOWS ◽

F. D. GUNN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Megaloblastic Anemia ◽

Macrocytic Anemia ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Severe Neutropenia ◽

Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽

B12 Deficiency

Abstract In an effort to produce a deficiency of vitamin B12 a total of 70 pigs were fed a purified diet containing soybean alpha protein in place of casein. One group of animals was started on the diet at 2 to 7 days of age. A second group began at 21 to 28 days of age. Methionine, iodinate casein, desiccated thyroid and pteroylglutamic acid were added to the diet of certain animals and! omitted from the diet of other pigs. In addition, 9 pigs were gastrectomized. Forty-three of the animals survived for a sufficiently long period of time for adequate evaluation of the results of the experiment. Severe liver damage was observed in 24 of the 25 animals autopsied. The only animal not showing liver damage received vitamin B12 from the beginning of the experiment. Necrosis of the liver cells, fatty infiltration, or both, occurred in the presence of a high fat diet containing apparently adequate amounts of protein, choline, vitamin E and methionine. These pathologic changes were apparently prevented but not reversed by the administration of vitamin B12. Growth of the animals on the above diets without added vitamin B12 was retarded as compared with the growth of animals on the same diet supplemented with this vitamin. The administration of vitamin B12 to the deficient animals resulted in rapid growth. Of the 39 animals not receiving vitamin B12 13 failed to develop anemia, 16 developed a mild anemia and in 10 a moderately severe anemia was present. When present the anemia was normocytic and in 24 pigs was accompanied by a moderately severe neutropenia. Differential cell counts on the sternal marrow were normal except for a slight increase in the proportion of normoblasts. These hematologic alterations were neither consistently or completely corrected by the administration of vitamin B12 in spite of the fact that definite and sometimes marked reticulocyte increases followed. When methionine deficiency was associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, anemia appeared to be more severe. The administration of aureomycin, an "animal protein factor," did not stimulate growth and failed to induce a hemopoietic response. There was no macrocytic anemia, the bone marrow was not megaloblastic, and neurologic disturbances or morphologic alterations in the neutrophils were not observed. These results are in contrast to those obtained in pigs with an experimentally produced deficiency of pteroylglutamic acid. Such animals develop macrocytic anemia, leukopenia and a macronormoblastic type of bone marrow. It is not possible to give with any assurance the reason why megaloblastic anemia was not produced in the "B12-deficient" animals. This may have been due to the fact that (1) the deficiency was not sufficiently severe to result in such a change in the hemopoietic system; or (2) because pteroylglutamic acid prevents the development of megaloblastic anemia even in the absence of vitamin B12.

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Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia and Polyneuropathy Due to Chronic Radiation Enteritis

Internal Medicine ◽

10.2169/internalmedicine.3695-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 859-861

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Fukuda ◽

Munetaka Takekuma ◽

Yasuyuki Hirashima

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Radiation Enteritis ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Chronic Radiation ◽

B12 Deficiency

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Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia in an exclusively breastfed infant born to an ileum-resected mother

Pediatrics & Neonatology ◽

10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.06.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 579-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akihiro Tamura ◽

Nanako Nino ◽

Nobuyuki Yamamoto ◽

Akiyoshi Naito ◽

Kousaku Matsubara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Breastfed Infant ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

B12 Deficiency

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Iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia in obese patients

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2016-0046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahmoud Arshad ◽

Sara Jaberian ◽

Abdolreza Pazouki ◽

Sajedeh Riazi ◽

Maryam Aghababa Rangraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Megaloblastic Anemia ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Obese Patients ◽

B12 Deficiency

Abstract Background. The association between obesity and different types of anemia remained uncertain. The present study aimed to assess the relation between obesity parameters and the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia and also megaloblastic anemia among Iranian population. Methods and Materials. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1252 patients with morbid obesity that randomly selected from all patients referred to Clinic of obesity at Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in 2014. The morbid obesity was defined according to the guideline as body mass index (BMI) equal to or higher than 40 kg/m2. Various laboratory parameters including serum levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 were assessed using the standard laboratory techniques. Results. BMI was adversely associated with serum vitamin B12, but not associated with other hematologic parameters. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 9.8%. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was independent to patients’ age and also to body mass index. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was totally 20.9%. According to the multivariable logistic regression model, no association was revealed between BMI and the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia adjusting gender and age. A similar regression model showed that higher BMI could predict occurrence of vitamin B12 deficiency in morbid obese patients. Conclusion. Although iron deficiency is a common finding among obese patients, vitamin B12 deficiency is more frequent so about one-fifth of these patients suffer vitamin B12 deficiency. In fact, the exacerbation of obesity can result in exacerbation of vitamin B12 deficiency.

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Reticulocyte size in nutritional anemias

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v48.5.669.669 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 669-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

DR Clarkson ◽

EM Moore

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Initial Development ◽

Abrupt Decrease ◽

Iron Saturation ◽

Iron Deficient ◽

B12 Deficiency

Abstract Alterations in reticulocyte size occur 2–3 days after the onset of iron deficient or megaloblastic erythropoiesis and precede, by several weeks, changes in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Iron-deficiency anemia induced in a normal subject by repeated phlebotomies was characterized by the initial development of larger than normal reticulocytes followed by an abrupt decrease in reticulocyte size. Microreticulocytes appeared 3 days after the fall in per cent iron saturation and antedated the decrease in MCV to below normal by 6 wk. Mean reticulocyte size was disproportionately smaller than normal in patients presenting with iron deficiency. In contrast, reticulocyte size increased abruptly in a patient (and rats) 2–3 days after administration of methotrexate. Mean reticulocyte size was disproportionately larger than normal in patients presenting with folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Specific replacement therapy with iron, folate, or vitamin B12 was quickly followed by normalization of reticulocyte size.

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