<p>Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge And Future Perspectives</p>

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two common autoimmune diseases that can occur concomitantly. In general, patients with diabetes have a high risk of AITD. It has been proposed that a complex genetic basis together with multiple nongenetic factors make a variable contribution to the pathogenesis of T1DM and AITD. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge in the field regarding potential pathogenic factors of T1DM and AITD, including human leukocyte antigen, autoimmune regulator, lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, forkhead box protein P3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen, infection, vitamin D deficiency, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand. These findings offer an insight into future immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.

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Evaluation of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in a Patient with Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Internal Medicine ◽

10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0932 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (24) ◽

pp. 2777-2780 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Toshiharu Ishizuka ◽

Yoshiharu Tokuyama ◽

Azuma Kanatsuka

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Progressive Type

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Immunological predictors of type 1 diabetes mellitus (literature review)

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/dm12308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

K. G. Korneva ◽

L. G. Strongin ◽

V. E. Zagainov

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Current Data ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Chronic Autoimmune Disease

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency due β-cell destruction and following hyperglycaemia. Specific markers of T1DM are pancreatic islet-targeting autoantibodies that are found months to years before symptom onset, and can be used to identify individuals who are at risk of developing T1DM.Aim: The study is aimed at the review of current knowledge of diabetes-related autoantibodies as biomarkers of T1DM.Materials and methods: Foreign and national clinical studies on this topic were included. PubMed, Medline and eLibrary were searched.Results: Modern ideas about known diabetes-specific autoantibodies as markers of autoimmune inflammation of β-cells of the pancreas were discussed. The analysis of their independent diagnostic value in predicting the occurrence of T1DM were carried out.Conclusion: There is no unified concept in the literature on this issue. Current data on autoantibodies in T1DM show a significant individual variability in the timing, dynamic changes and autoantibody composition in T1DM progression.

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Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.930956 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 255-266

Author(s):

D Kantárová ◽

M Buc

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Genetically Determined

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1A) is an autoimmune disease belonging to the most frequent chronic diseases of the childhood and young adults. DM 1A results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. It is a genetically determined disease and many genes or genetic regions were found to be associated with its induction. In addition to the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 1 (IDDM1) gene, which marks the HLA region, and IDDM2 which marks the insulin gene, significant associations of DM 1A to other IDMM genes or genetic regions we reported. We shortly review recent achievements in the field, and the state of current knowledge.

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Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1798

Author(s):

Cristina Colom ◽

Anna Rull ◽

José Luis Sanchez-Quesada ◽

Antonio Pérez

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and cardiovascular risk (CVR) remains high even in T1DM patients with good metabolic control. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and known risk factors seem to operate differently in T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, evidence of cardiovascular risk assessment and management in T1DM patients often is extrapolated from studies on T2DM patients or the general population. In this review, we examine the existing literature about the prevalence of clinical and subclinical CVD, as well as current knowledge about potential risk factors involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in T1DM patients. We also discuss current approaches to the stratification and therapeutic management of CVR in T1DM patients. Chronic hyperglycemia plays an important role, but it is likely that other potential factors are involved in increased atherosclerosis and CVD in T1DM patients. Evidence on the estimation of 10-year and lifetime risk of CVD, as well as the efficiency and age at which current cardiovascular medications should be initiated in young T1DM patients, is very limited and clearly insufficient to establish evidence-based therapeutic approaches to CVD management.

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