scholarly journals Historical evolution of the concept of anorexia nervosa and relationships with orthorexia nervosa, autism, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 1651-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pini ◽  
Marianna Abelli ◽  
Barbara Carpita ◽  
Liliana Dell'Osso ◽  
Giovanni Castellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive

Orthorexia Nervosa and the Use of Exposure and Response Prevention to Treat Eating-Related Obsessions and Compulsions

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Hana F. Zickgraf
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Restrictive Eating ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
Clinically Significant

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a proposed diagnosis involving rigid, intrusive thoughts and unusual beliefs about healthy eating, associated with restrictive eating behaviors. People with ON may avoid specific foods, food additives, dyes, or preservatives, and non-organic or genetically modified foods seen as “impure” or “unnatural,” often engaging in compulsive checking, reassurance seeking, decontamination, or other rituals to ensure that food “rules” are followed and that food is “healthy” and “pure.” ON is distinguished from healthy orthorexia, a non-impairing interest in healthy eating and nutrition. The distinction between ON and eating disorders involving obsessions about weight and shape and restrictive eating motivated by fear of weight gain is less clear. In this chapter, ON and related eating disorder symptoms associated with the diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are conceptualized as obsessive-compulsive phenomena. Special considerations for exposure and response interventions for patients with clinically significant restrictive eating are described, including recommendations for when to refer patients to eating disorder specialists.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Diagnostic Classification of Orthorexia Nervosa: Distinct Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M Cosh ◽  
Jemma Olson ◽  
Phillip J. Tully
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Eat 26

Abstract PurposeOrthorexia Nervosa (ON) is characterised as obsessional healthy eating that results in malnutrition and/or psychosocial impairment. Yet, its diagnostic classification remains uncertain, with theoretical overlap with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This study aimed to further understand appropriate diagnostic classification by assessing the ability of ON for detecting the presence/absence of AN and OCD.MethodAn observational survey was completed by 362 participants recruited through eating-disorder, dieting and mental health support groups. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analyses determined the predictive ability of ON symptoms (assessed by ORTO-15 and ORTO-9) for detecting AN (determined by EAT-26 cut-scores and BMI >17.5), and OCD and Obsessional thinking (assessed by the OCI-R).ResultsResults showed both ON measures are able to adequately predict AN, however ON was poor to moderate at detecting OCD and Obsessional thinking. Specificity for detecting AN was poor and ability to discriminate between AN and ON was low.ConclusionThese results suggest that ON, as it is currently measured, may be more closely related to EDs than OCD, and that ON may represent a subtype or subset of AN; although results are limited by the lack of definitive ON diagnostic criteria and limitations of ON measures.Level of evidence – Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study

scholarly journals Orthorexia Nervosa: differences between clinical and non-clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Novara ◽  
E. Maggio ◽  
S. Piasentin ◽  
S. Pardini ◽  
S. Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive

Abstract Background Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a construct characterized by behaviors, emotions, and beliefs on eating healthy food and excessive attention to diet; moreover, dieting has been considered a risk factor in ON symptoms development. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the differences in clinical and non-clinical groups most at risk of ON. Aspects that could be associated with ON (Eating Disorders [EDs], obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, perfectionistic traits, anxiety, depression, Body Mass Index [BMI]) were investigated in all groups. Methods The sample consisted of 329 adults belonging to four different groups. Three were on a diet: Anorexia/Bulimia Nervosa group (N = 90), Obesity/Binge Eating Disorder group (N = 54), Diet group (N = 91). The Control group consisted of people who were not following a diet (N = 94). Participants completed several self-administered questionnaires (EHQ-21, EDI-3, OCI-R, MPS, BAI, BDI-II) to assess ON-related features in different groups. Results Analyses highlighted higher orthorexic tendencies in Anorexia/Bulimia Nervosa, Obesity/BED, and Diet groups than in the Control group. Moreover, results have shown that in the AN/BN group, eating disorders symptomatology and a lower BMI were related to ON and that in Obesity/Binge Eating Disorder and Diet groups, perfectionism traits are associated with ON. Conclusion Individuals who pursue a diet share some similarities with those who have an eating disorder regarding emotions, behaviors, and problems associated with orthorexic tendencies. Moreover, perfectionistic traits seem to predispose to higher ON tendencies. In general, these results confirm the ON as an aspect of the main eating disorders category.

Genetic variability in the serotoninergic system and age of onset in anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Plana ◽  
Teresa Torres ◽  
Natalia Rodríguez ◽  
Daniel Boloc ◽  
Patricia Gassó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Predicting Eating Disorder and Anxiety Symptoms Using Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Polygenic Scores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Yilmaz ◽  
Katherine Schaumberg ◽  
Matt Halvorsen ◽  
Erica L. Goodman ◽  
Leigh C. Brosof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Clinical, epidemiological, and genetic findings support an overlap between eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety symptoms. However, little research has examined the role of genetic factors in the expression of eating disorders and OCD/anxiety phenotypes. We examined whether the anorexia nervosa (AN), OCD, or AN/OCD transdiagnostic polygenic scores (PGS) predict eating disorders, OCD, and anxiety symptoms in a large population-based developmental cohort. Using summary statistics files from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Freeze 2 AN and Freeze 1 OCD GWAS, we first conducted an AN/OCD transdiagnostic GWAS meta-analysis and then calculated PGS for AN, OCD, and AN/OCD in participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with available genetic and phenotype data on eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety diagnoses and symptoms (sample size 3,212-5,369 per phenotype). We observed sex differences in the PGS prediction of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related phenotypes, with AN genetic risk manifesting at an earlier age and playing a more prominent role in eating disorder phenotypes in boys than in girls. Compulsive exercise was the only phenotype predicted by all three PGS (e.g., PAN(boys)=0.0141 at age 14; POCD(girls)=0.0070 at age 16; PAN/OCD(all)=0.0297 at age 14). Our results suggest that earlier detection of eating disorder, OCD, and anxiety-related symptoms could be made possible by including measurement of genetic risk for these psychiatric conditions while being mindful of sex differences.

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